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Analysis of the biosynthetic gene cluster encoding biosynthesis of the manumycin antibiotic U-62162, and the ways of its modification.
Urbanová, Daniela ; Petříček, Miroslav (advisor) ; Schierová, Michaela (referee)
Streptomyces is the largest antibiotic-producing genus in the microbial world. Manumycin-type antibiotics are a small group of its metabolites. Their antibiotic activities are not very important but they show biological properties which can be potencially used e. g. to treat inflammation, cancer or Alzheimer's disease. The structure of manumycin compounds is formed by a central unit with connected upper and lower polyketide chain. The lower chain is mostly terminated by so called C5N unit. The substance U-62162 produced by the strain Streptomyces verdensis differs significantly from the other members of the manumycin-type metabolites in the structure of the lower chain which is fully saturated and lacking the C5N unit. The U-62162 biosynthetic gene cluster was sequenced and functions of identified open reading frames were deduced. Heterologous expressions of the cluster showed some genes reguired for the biosynthesis of the upper chain to be encoded on a different part of the chromosome. The insertional inactivation of the vrdER gene confirmed the enoylreductase to be responsible for the saturation of the lower chain. DSBA oxidoreductase, which gene is located at the edge of the cluster, is probably not involved in the biosynthesis. The insertion of genes for the biosynthesis of the C5N unit did...
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Are there any pohotographic representations? Roger Scruton and his critics
Bergmann, Dominik ; Kolman, Vojtěch (advisor) ; Petříček, Miroslav (referee)
This thesis focuses on the answering whether photographic representations exist or not. The answer is searched for in discussions of Roger Scruton and some of his critics. According to Scruton's argument presented in the essay entitled Photography and Representation a photograph cannot be a representation. Scruton claims that only such medium can become a representation that has a certain intentional relation to its subject, however a photograph is defined merely by its causal relation to such object. Scruton's critics believe that a photograph is a representation and criticize him for: i) underestimating the role a photographer's intentions play in a photograph; ii) disregarding a photograph's ability to provide a new way of seeing and thus becoming representational; iii) equivocating between the subject of a painting and the subject of a photograph. It is demonstrated that arguments of Scruton's critics are not able to show Scruton's concept of photography to be false. However, an alternative approach to representation provides a basis to demonstrate in what sense a photograph may be a representation. For that reason it is suggested to consider a photography as an essentially paradoxical medium merging into itself the intentional and causal. Keywords: photograph, representation, intentional...
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The apology of sliding movement. Philosophical interpretation of the novel of Hermann Hesse Der Steppenwolf
Petříčková, Taťána ; Petříček, Miroslav (advisor) ; Kouba, Petr (referee) ; Stašková, Alice (referee)
The core work is a philosophical interpretation of the novel by H. Hesse 'Steppenwolf, but as a whole this work is an attempt to develop a broader context of literary works. Therefore, the constitutive part of the game as thematization philosophical problems (including issues understanding the world and each other in understanding the meaning of the rules of the game) thematization artistic creation in relation to mimesis and in particular the presentation of a performance practice that is not a commentary, nor the contents and is more in developing motion amplification. The first part is a philosophical analysis of the concept of the game with regard to its basic characteristics, aspects, forms (especially the extreme form of the game - Carnival), and provide specifics of the game - in a sense, slipping after the fact. "The second part develops interpretive possibilities Hesse steppe wolf, which tracks the movement of the game through the lens' individual moments of this work with regard to its chronology. The main chronotope the novel is being on the border, on the doorstep, at the time of festivity - Carnival time, which refers As for openness, unconditional hospitality 'otherness of the world. A broader interpretation context, it allows to consider the motives of such rolling movement, the heterotopia...
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Idea and phenomenon
Říha, Cyril ; Petříček, Miroslav (advisor) ; Thein, Karel (referee) ; Zervan, Marian (referee)
Název této části pochází z jednoho Patočkova rukopisu, konkrétně rukopisu se signaturou 3000/331 a názvem "Leonardo, Michelangelo". Tento manuskript patří do tzv. strahovské pozůstalosti a dosud nebyl - podobně jako téměř všechnl jemu příbuzné- uveřejněn. Patočka jej psal někdy v průběhu druhé světové války jako jednu ze součásti své plánované knihy o filosofii dějin. Celý rukopis, obsahujid hotové, souvislé úvahy, ale též kusé poznámky a výpisky, se rozkládá na 36 rukou psaných stranách formátu A5. To je však pouze hrubý, často velmi fragmentární text, a proto bude místy nezbytné sáhnout po jeho bezprostředním kontextu, tedy po dílech, na které Patočka v tomto svém rukopise výslovně odkazuje. Jde především o Leonardovu knihu O maliřstvi, sbírku jeho zlomků od M. Herzfeldové, Panofského studii Idea a Vasariho Životy. 7 Takto rozšířený text bude tvořit rámec pro naši důkladnou četbu. Zajímat nás na něm budou některé jeho zvláštní momenty - "vnější" překvapení (pro čtenáře přicházejícího k němu z vnějšku) a "vnitřní" pokušení (obsažená přímo uvnitř tohoto textu). A začněme hned prvním překvapením. Teoretické malířství je zde postaveno proti maliřstvi výkonnému. Toto děleni má dle Patočky svůj původ v protikladu vita contemplativa a activa: " ... jest aplikaci dualismu života kontemplativního a praktického na...
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Dichotomy of fair and dark as representation of the discourses of power in the works of Libuše Moníková "for black chickens!"
Koutková, Lucie ; Petříček, Miroslav (advisor) ; Pfeiferová, Dana (referee) ; Weinberg, Manfred (referee)
Dichotomy of fair and dark as representation of the discourses of power in the works of Libuše Moníková. "For black chickens!" The focus of this work, the figure of fair and dark (Hell- Dunkel-Figur), stands in the novels of Libuše Moníková as a representative example of the use of dichotomies as a repres- entation principle in the fictional literature. The figure is also seen as the means of critical fictional response to Mod- ernism. The figure of fair and dark which occurs in Pavane für eine verstorbene Infantin, in Treibeis, Der Taumel and Die Fassade is derived from the search for female identity in the context of two major areas - the control of the individual body and the body politic through the biopolitics and the sub- versive undermining of social constraint mechanisms. The study uses the "figurative method" (Auerbach) to describe the nature and functions of the fair and dark dichotomy and interprets the figure in relation to the female protagonists in two steps: The performance of the identity determination, with the consequence that biopolitical stereotypes and constraints as- signed by society are discarded in favor of identity as an artist/writer (Pavane für eine verstorbene Infantin, Treibeis), and as the personification of art in the form of Muses occupying the place of the mother...
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Religiostiy after Religion. Contemporary Reinterpretations of Christianity
Chudý, Tomáš ; Halík, Tomáš (advisor) ; Hošek, Pavel (referee) ; Petříček, Miroslav (referee)
The thesis deals with contemporary possibilities of reinterpretation of religion in the Western society after what some authors call its "end". Along this line, it examines the concepts of religion and religiosity as two categories that point to the explicit and implicit presence of religious meanings in the discourse. The thesis is divided into four main sections: discourse theory, social recontextualisation, metaphors and symbols, and disturbing margins of symbolic discourse. First, an outline of discourse theory with regard to religious experience tackles the "us-them" mindset and thus highlights the issue of credibility with a concluding example of "anamnetical" discourse concept by Johann Baptist Metz. Next, as a social phenomenon, religion is prone to social recontextualisation. Two distinct are presented at large: in the first place, Taylor's of post-durkheimian set-up where varieties of religious experience follow an orbital-like model with different valences to the core. On the other hand, the dispersion hypothesis elaborates on some implicit quasi-religious features of the modern world phenomena which are to be taken into account in drawing the criteria of reinterpretation. They can be perceived as basic guidelines for what should not be understood as belief in God in the judeo-christian...
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Two perspectives of language in Nietzsche's early thinking
Roreitner, Robert ; Kouba, Pavel (advisor) ; Petříček, Miroslav (referee)
This article presents the early Nietzsche's work from 1856-73, which is placed here into context of its plentiful reception in the eighties and nineties and from which it offers czech translations of some important texts. The first chapter shows how in the connection with autobiographical notes from 1856-65 the theme of language enters into Nietzsche's thinking, namely as a milieu able to let some moments of past endure. In the second chapter it is in particular in confrontation with Schopenhauer, but also on the background of Langes and Hartmanns works, demonstrated how the concept of music articulates itself in Nietzsche's notes from 1869-71. It becomes clear that Nietzsche's music, which unhides the process of becoming, the mode of succession (Aufeinander), through which everything passes without regard on its quality and which is specified in oposition to language displaying everything in the mode of coexistence (Nebeneinander), thus as ideas, representations, symbols, that this music represents together with its counterpart in language a pair of concepts much more general than are the usual concepts of language and music. Language and music are two respects of symbolic system, into which we have always already entered. In the third chapter breakdown of Nietzsche's conception of culture is firstly...
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Sound
Foltinová, Daniela ; Thein, Karel (advisor) ; Petříček, Miroslav (referee)
This diploma thesis is concerned with the philosophical inquiry of sound. The crucial problem of the thesis is the perception of sound and the description of perceived sound. The assumption is that we don't perceive sounds necessarilly as meaningful. A starting point is the analysis of two basic ways of our contact with sound - produced and received sound that are followed by the inquiring of the role of perception of voice as for its corporality; the possibility of hearing the "sound space" and its analysis; and of the way how the body is concerned with the sound perception. On the basis of these analyses that benefit from the philosophical texts and poems analyses in the conclusion of the thesis is being shown that sound is a special entity of reality since we perceive it simultaneously as a concrete and capturable (through word and corporality) and non-concrete, as for neither word meaning nor bodily contact can provide us with the adequate - "sound-based" description of the sound perceived.
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Circulation of views: from the renaissance spectator to the male viewer in feminist film theory
Hanáková, Petra ; Zuska, Vlastimil (advisor) ; Petříček, Miroslav (referee) ; Ferenčuhová, Mária (referee)
Na zacátku této práce jsem si dala za cíl popsat ukotvení pojmu pohled postupne ve trech diskurzivních a spolecenských plochách, které bud mimorádne promenují ci vymezují vizuální pole a pozici diváka a potažmo divacky v nem. Pruzkum všech trí ploch smeroval k postupnému rozkrývání vrstev pojmu v konkrétním, jasne vymezeném kritickém paradigmatu genderových studií. Teoretizace videní se tu postupne odhalovala jako proces neustálého re-definujícího pohybu, kdy se jednotlivá podloží se na sebe vrstvila v kolobehu sebepotvrzování mocenského videní. Shluk významu okolo termínu pohled (the gaze, le regard) se nakonec vyjevil jak ve svých ahistorických determinacích a predpokladech, tak i v urcující vázanosti na výsadní historickou situaci a specifické metody premýšlení o filmu.
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Figural Thinking: Theory and Practice
Žilová, Jana ; Fulka, Josef (advisor) ; Petříček, Miroslav (referee) ; Heczková, Libuše (referee)
! ! Dissertation Abstract ! ! This research presents examination of the figural theory as established by Jean-François Lyotard in his work Discourse, figure (1971). Figural theory groundwork proved to be underpinned within the psychoanalytical framework as in the classical dreamwork and concept of transitional space as elaborated by D. Winnicott. We argue that the specific figural intermediary space defines a type of space that allows the image and the viewer to explore the individuation processes, as established by G. Simondon (1992) and thus create potential new series of the image which instigate and challenge new perceptive patterns of the viewer. Figural backdrop has been detected within the work of Gilles Deleuze, precisely in Logic of Sensation (1981) where Deleuze examines the diagrammatic system. As a result of the in-depth exploration of Lyotardian poetic transgressions as we have applied on the film intertitles we have proved a presence of a specific mobile integral title. This type of inter title brings forth the coalescence of text-image that resurfaces the image's resources. The pictorial transgression was examined on the example of Nicolas Roeg's color- events in Don't Look Now 1973 and the cinematic transgression was explored on the example of William Kentridge' s video work Automatic...
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