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Molecular biology investigation of somatostatin receptors in diagnostics of pituitary tumors
Drastíková, Monika ; Beránek, Martin (advisor) ; Fryšák, Zdeněk (referee) ; Patočka, Jiří (referee)
Molecular biology investigation of somatostatin receptors in diagnostics of pituitary tumors The overwhelming majority of pituitary tumors are benign, with 25-30% of them representing clinically non-functioning pituitary adenomas (NFA). The treatment of choice for NFA is transsphenoidal neurosurgery. However, the procedure is often not completely successful and frequently tumor remnants remain, resulting in regrow over the long-term follow-up period. This fact has led to the development of new therapy strategies using pharmacological treatment: somatostatin analogs (SA) and estrogen receptor modulators. SA are effectively used in the treatment of acromegaly, neuroendocrine tumors and Cushing's disease. In contrast, pharmacological treatment of NFA has for the most part been unsuccessful. Low SA effectiveness could be associated with the variable expression of target receptors on the adenomas. The aim of the study was to determine the somatostatin (SSTR subtypes 1-5) and estrogen receptor 1 (ER1) expression profile. To obtain more complex receptor profile expression in the pituitary, we also investigated dopamin receptor 2 (D2R). Methods The group of patients was made up of 105 men and 101 women (20-87 years old; median 61). 144 samples were NFA, 44 growth hormone secreting (GHomas), 9 corticotrophin...
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Leisure as a cultural phenomenon
Patočková, Věra ; Matějů, Martin (advisor) ; Hubáček, Ondřej (referee) ; Patočka, Jiří (referee)
Leisure as a Cultural Phenomenon Věra Patočková: Obecná teorie a dějiny umění a kultury - kulturologie PhD Thesis Abstract The main aim of the PhD. thesis is to provide the complex view of leisure from the culture studies perspective. It is expected that leisure behaviour takes always place within the framework of the specific sociocultural system. In accordance with Kelly (1987) an attempt is made to prove that leisure is always in and of its particular culture. The thesis focuses on three main topics. After introductory explanation of the main terms "culture" and "leisure" attention is focused on discussion about their relation. This discussion is based on theoretical analysis of studies that concern of leisure and approach it from the perspective of cultural studies, sociology or anthropology. Value system is an important part of all cultures. Also leisure can be seen as a part of the value system of specific society. After brief introduction to approaches of leisure and work in historical perspective, attention is focused on the explanation of the position of leisure in the value system of the Czech society and its changes. The third part is devoted to leisure in the Czech society, while the Czech society is seen as a specific sociocultural system and attempt is made to explore leisure in a complex way...
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Screening of Iron-chelating Substances and their Potential Use in the Therapy of Acute Myocardial Infarction
Filipský, Tomáš ; Hrdina, Radomír (advisor) ; Patočka, Jiří (referee) ; Štěrba, Martin (referee)
Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Candidate: Mgr. Tomáš Filipský First supervisor: prof. MUDr. Radomír Hrdina, CSc. Second supervisor: PharmDr. Přemysl Mladěnka, Ph.D. Title of doctoral thesis: Screening of iron-chelating substances and their potential use in the therapy of acute myocardial infarction Iron is an essential element virtually for all living organisms. The concentration of free/unbound iron is very low at physiological conditions. However, in several pathological states, its homeostasis is impaired which may lead to an organ damage due to the increased production of reactive oxygen species. Coronary heart disease is the main cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Its most serious form is acute myocardial infarction (AMI). During the early ischaemia, catalytically active elements, particularly iron and copper, are released into the blood circulation. After restoration of blood flow (reperfusion), these elements may participate in the production of biologically the most potent oxidant - hydroxyl radical via iron/copper catalysed Fenton reaction. Therefore, a therapy based on administration of iron/copper-chelating agents could be a potential pharmacotherapeutic approach in the treatment of this...
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Bioanthropology: A Transdisciplinary Project of Gregory Bateson
Kučera, Marek ; Soukup, Václav (advisor) ; Patočka, Jiří (referee) ; Soukup, Martin (referee)
Marek K u č e r a Bioanthropology: A Transdisciplinary Project of Gregory Bateson ABSTRACT The dissertation thesis deals with the work of Anglo-American anthropologist and cybernetician Gregory Bateson. It follows Danish biologist Jesper Hoffmeyer in seeing it as an example of a bioanthropological approach, the approach being defined as a position that sees mind as a particular example of nature that is in a deep sense itself minded. Besides the necessary biographical section the thesis consists of two major parts. The first one consists in exposition of Bateson's anthropological and psychiatric concepts, the second one represents an evaluation and interpretation of Bateson's final synthesis at the highest level of abstraction: the notion of equivalence of biological and epistemological realms of explanation. The major aim of the thesis is to present Bateson's work as a way of integration of humanities and social sciences with biological science that represents an alternative to sociobiological and other neo-darwinian approaches. KEY WORDS: Bateson, bioanthropology, evolution, mind
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Influence of Polyphenolic Substances with Iron Chelating Activity in Model of Acute Myocardial Infarction and Oxidation Stress Induced by Catecholamines
Zatloukalová, Libuše ; Hrdina, Radomír (advisor) ; Tilšer, Ivan (referee) ; Patočka, Jiří (referee)
Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Candidate Mgr. Libuše Zatloukalová Supervisor Prof. MUDr. Radomír Hrdina, CSc. Title of Doctoral Thesis Influence of polyphenolic substances with iron chelating activity in model of acute myocardial infarction and oxidation stress induced by catecholamines Background and aim: Ischaemic heart disease (IHD) and particularly its most serious form - acute myocardial infarction (AMI) - represents significant health problem in the developed countries with relatively high mortality. Within multifactorial pathogenesis of AMI, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) generated by free iron catalytic effect and increased activity of the sympathetic nervous system accompanied with a release of the catecholamines play a significant role. Large doses of the synthetic katecholamine isoprenaline has been used as a suitable experimental model of AMI. AIM is considered as typical form of ischaemic-reperfusion (I-R) injury. RONS, which are excessively released during the first minutes of reperfusion, play a significant role in the pathogenesis of myocardial I-R injury. Free iron significantly increases the process of RONS generation. Use of iron chelators could have protective influence in I-R injury and...
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Socio-cultural adaptation of local communities
Hubáček, Ondřej ; Matějů, Martin (advisor) ; Patočka, Jiří (referee) ; Opletalová, Lenka (referee)
PhDr. Ondřej Hubáček: Socio-cultural adaptation of local communities. Dissertation 2012. Abstract This dissertation deal with the socio-cultural adaptation of local communities to the external (exogenous) changes by means of internal (endogenous) changes of the elements of the local socio-cultural system. The dissertation builds on the long-term research on local culture conducted by the Department of Cultural Studies, Faculty of Arts, Charles University in Prague. It focuses on issues of socio-cultural potential of towns, which observes from two aspects. In terms of specifics of the towns, especially the differences between the particular components and forms of socio- cultural potential, and in terms of its reproduction, ie the process of changes in their components and forms. Methodologically, the dissertation is based on secondary analysis of data collected in the research and reinterpretation of findings and conclusions made out in past analyzes. The dissertation has three objectives. First, to complete spectrum of views on the issue of changes taking place due to macro-social transformation processes at the level of local communities and local cultures with the view of cultural studies. Second, to contribute to the theoretical conceptualization and operationalization of socio-cultural phenomena...
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The tradition and Modernity in the Sociocultural Animation of Church Monuments
Kouba, Vojtěch ; Patočka, Jiří (advisor) ; Macháček, Jaroslav (referee) ; Czumalo, Vladimír (referee)
Vojtěch Kouba The Tradition and Modernity in the Sociocultural Animation of Church Monuments Dissertation Abstract The dissertation is focused on the issues of use and animation of church monuments in the Czech society. The work mentions the basic typology of these buildings and also pays attention to the question of their value. In a brief historic survey, it deals not only with examples of monuments preserved from every era of Czech history, but primarily with the changes of the roles that those objects carried during their history. The aim of this part of the work is a comprehensive description of the present view on church buildings and their function in the Czech culture and society. The dissertation also deals with the term "animation". It describes the milieus, where this term is used, shortly mentions its history and specifies possible definitions of animation according to their spiritual focus. A significant part of the dissertation is then dedicated to the explanation of this term in a broad, society-wide meaning of this word. The animation is understood as a significant part of Czech socioscientific thinking. The conclusive part of the dissertation pays attention to the ways of animation of historic sacral buildings. The process of (re-)involvement of some of these monuments in the life of the...
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Interaction of Proteins with Low-molecular Substances in vitro. Effect of Glycation, Substances of Plant Origin, and Combination of these Factors on Function and Spectral Properties of Selected Proteins.
Trnková, Lucie ; Dršata, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Patočka, Jiří (referee) ; Mikšík, Ivan (referee)
Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biochemical Sciences Candidate Ing. Lucie Trnková Supervisor Prof. MUDr. Jaroslav Dršata, CSc. Title of Doctoral Thesis Interaction of proteins with low-molecular substances in vitro. Effect of glycation, substances of plant origin, and combination of these factors on function and spectral properties of selected proteins. Plant polyphenolic compounds naturally occurring in human diet possess a wide range of biological and pharmacological properties. They can interact with various proteins including enzymes. Their interaction with serum albumin has a great significance because of its ability to bind, transport and store many endogenous and exogenous low-molecular compounds present in blood circulation. One of the objectives of this thesis was to study chemical structure-binding affinity relationships of two important groups of polyphenolic substances, namely hydroxycinnamic acids and catechins (flavanols), with the molecule of serum albumin in the in vitro models using spectroscopic (UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, fluorescence quenching method) and electrophoretic (native and SDS PAGE) methods. Some polyphenols caused the changes in protein conformation and the relationships between their structures and obtained...
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Bioanthropology: a transdisciplinary project of Gregory Bateson
Kučera, Marek ; Soukup, Václav (advisor) ; Patočka, Jiří (referee) ; Soukup, Martin (referee)
Marek K u č e r a Bioanthropology: A Transdisciplinary Project of Gregory Bateson ABSTRACT The dissertation thesis deals with the work of Anglo-American anthropologist and cybernetician Gregory Bateson. It follows Danish biologist Jesper Hoffmeyer in seeing it as an example of a bioanthropological approach, the approach being defined as a position that sees mind as a particular example of nature that is in a deep sense itself minded. Besides the necessary biographical section the thesis consists of two major parts. The first one consists in exposition of Bateson's anthropological and psychiatric concepts, the second one represents an evaluation and interpretation of Bateson's final synthesis at the highest level of abstraction: the notion of equivalence of biological and epistemological realms of explanation. The major aim of the thesis is to present Bateson's work as a way of integration of humanities and social sciences with biological science that represents an alternative to sociobiological and other neo-darwinian approaches. KEY WORDS: Bateson, bioanthropology, evolution, mind
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The Relationship between Structure and Activity of Potential Modulators of Acetylcholinesterase
Holas, Ondřej ; Opletalová, Veronika (advisor) ; Zimčík, Petr (referee) ; Patočka, Jiří (referee)
Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Drug Control Candidate Mgr. Ondřej Holas Supervisor Doc. RNDr. Veronika Opletalová Ph.D. Title of Doctoral Thesis The relationship between structure and activity of potential modulators of acetylcholinesterase The Ph. D. thesis is focused on finding structure activity relationships for the acetylcholinesterase activity modulating compounds. Standard in vitro test using rat brain homogenate as the source of acetylcholinesterase was chosen for enzyme activity assay. Later, the procedure employing the colorimetric approach according to Ellman was developed. New procedure for inhibitory efficacy assessment based on Ellmanʼs method was designed as well. Aldoxime reactivators are mainly used as the causal antidotes of organophosphorus compounds intoxications. Organophosphorus compounds are widely used for agricultural purposes as pesticides, and in the industry as a plasticizers or flame retardants. Beside the peaceful purposes, they were also developed as nerve agents applicable for chemical warfare. Toxic mechanism of the compounds is formation of covalent bond with serine (Ser203) hydroxyl in active site of acetylcholinesterase. Unfortunately, none of the currently used reactivators is able...
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