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Rainer Forst's Theory of Tolerance
Sklenář, Václav ; Matějčková, Tereza (advisor) ; Karásek, Jindřich (referee)
The goal of the presented thesis is to expound and evaluate Rainer Forst's theory of toleration, counting among the most discussed themes in contemporary political theory and practice. A critical reception of the manner in which a leading contemporary political thinker systematically treats this theme will provide us with historical, systematic, and normative orientation in the structure of this complex problematic. The exposition follows Forst's historical analyses explaining the development of the concept and different conceptions of toleration and at the same time supply normative evaluations of individual developmental tendencies. The thesis subsequently focuses on the purely systematic part of Forst's work, i.e. on his own theory of toleration, and situates Forst's contribution in the wider frame of his constructivist theory of justice. The thesis closes with a critical evaluation of Forst's theory. Here, systematic deficiencies of his conception will be uncovered, deficiencies that point towards deeper problems of liberalism and constructivism.
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The Concept of Freedom in Schelling's System of Transcendental Idealism
Gaidarus, Tomáš ; Matějčková, Tereza (advisor) ; Karásek, Jindřich (referee)
Freedom is often associated with F. W. J. Schelling's mature philosophy, especially with his Philosophical Inquiries into the Essence of Human Freedom. The focus of this thesis is, on the contrary, to locate the concept of freedom in his juvenile work, The System of Transcendetnal Idealism. First, we shall present the position of transcendental idealism in the question of the possibility of knowledge. Then we will show, how it comes about, that the absolute I becomes individual conscioussness, and we will finish by presenting the concept of freedom in the context of Schelling's practical philosophy.
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Nietzsche's unhappy consciousness and ascetic ideals in Hegel's Phenomenology of Spirit
Hrouda, Vít ; Matějčková, Tereza (advisor) ; Karásek, Jindřich (referee)
The main focus of this thesis is the self- relation of man to himself that is mediated by a relation to a "true world" or other transcendent entity. The thesis is concerned with conceptions of this self-relation found in Hegel and Nietzsche. For Nietzsche this self-relation is substantiated in the ascetic ideal, which gives meaning to man provided that he negates his liveliness. Hegel deals with this self-relation in the chapter on "Unhappy consciousness", which relates to its essence, to the "Unchangeable", on condition that it denies its body and singularity. The thesis then concentrates on positive aspects that result from such a negative relationship to oneself according to both Hegel and Nietzsche. The main asset shows up to by a tension that is founded in a sunderance of the ascetic and the Unhappy consciousness. From that tension there follows a spirituality, which allows to overcome that sunderance.
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Relationship between God and man in Søren Kierkegaard's concept
Dyčková, Alžběta ; Ritter, Martin (advisor) ; Matějčková, Tereza (referee)
In my theses I am trying to explain, how a man does relate to God and secondary how God does relate to a man, in Kierkegaard's concept. The thesis focuses on bigger amount of topics, on which I am trying to provide a view from perspective of God-man relationship and Kierkegaard's concept of a man as a synthesis. I present Kierkegaard's concept of structure of human self, despair, existential motion, freedom, human sin, and love in the perspective of the God-man relation, paradox and faith. By this wide presentation I prepare myself basis for two connected interpretations of Kierkegaard's thinking. Firstly, I present an interpretation of the condition, which is trusted by God to a man. I am trying to present it as the structure of human self alone. Secondly, I present an interpretation of the leap of faith, in which I am trying to answer the question, what is happening while leap of faith with the human synthesis. In frame of that I put the accent on the infinite parts of human being.
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The Unconscious God: The Role Of The Unconscious In Religion According To Viktor E. Frankl
Fleková, Klára ; Halík, Tomáš (advisor) ; Matějčková, Tereza (referee)
The Unconscious God The Role Of The Unconscious InReligionAccording To Viktor E. Frankl The topic of my bachelor's thesis is the concept of the role of the unconscious in the religion according to Viktor Emanuel Frankl. The first part contains a short introduction to the perception of the terms the unconscious and religion in different psychological schools, particularly the view of Sigmund Freud and Carl Gustav Jung. The core of my theses is a comparison between varied psychological approaches to the question of the relationship between the unconscious and religion, and a determination of how does the Frankl's concept differ from others. The motivation to write this theses is my personal interest in the work of Viktor E. Frankl and his psychological approach to religion. Key words: the unconscious, religion, psychology, logotherapy, Frankl, spirituality, the implicit God, the will to live.
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The Concept of Aura Between Benjamin and Adorno
Vítů, Viktorie ; Ritter, Martin (advisor) ; Matějčková, Tereza (referee)
In my thesis I focus on Benjamin's notion of aura which can be found in The Work of Art in the Age of its Technological Reproducibility and A short History of Photography. I read the notion of aura as uniqueness of (not only) work of art, its spatiotemporal continuity. In the second chapter Adorno's critique of Benjamin's position from The Work of Art in the Age of its Technological Reproducibility is introduced. Adorno states that Benjamin connects aura with autonomy and autonomy with contra-revolutionarity. Adrono's main project consists in the apology of autonomy of the artwork through showing its dialectic - artwork becomes social by its extirpation from society. In the last chapter I return to The Work of Art in the Age of its Technological Reproducibility and, with support in other works of Benjamin, show, why his proclamation of the politicization of art cannot be read as an appeal to the heteronomy of art and the condemnation of its autonomy. In the light of this is shown why Adorno's critique misses its target. My conclusion is, that if there is something what Benjamin sees as contra-revolutionary, it is not the autonomy, but the aura itself. However, it has to be taken with a grain of salt, because Benjamin does not refuse traditional media. He rather criticize the way how the society...
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An Enquiry Concerning the Phenomenon of Maidan Through the Application of the Hegelian Lordship and Bondage Theory
Dovhoruk, Ivanna ; Karfíková, Lenka (advisor) ; Matějčková, Tereza (referee)
This thesis is concerned with the question how can be the phenomenon of Maidan (Майдан) understood. Maidan here is primarly seen as an event in which people risked their lives. The first chapter deals with eyewitness testimonies of demonstrators in the Ukrainian Revolution of Dignity (Революція Гідності), who were present in the directly life-threatening places (Hrushevsky-st, Institutska-st). In the second chapter Hegel's concept of the certification by death (die Bewährung durch den Tod) is inquired, as present in a lordship and bondage theory (Herrschaft und Knechtschaft) in the Phenomenology of Spirit (Phänomenologie des Geistes). In the third chapter, through the presentation of the author's own speculative theory of the Gates, we will try to prove that life can be deployed in two ways, from a position of humility and a position of pride. Within proving this statement we differentiate Hegelian concept of certification by death using Augustine's notion of pride (superbia). At the end of the inquiry we will try to answer the initial quastion, what Maidan is in light of the act of deployment of life.
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Philosophical faith in Karl Jaspers
Dostál, Václav ; Němec, Václav (advisor) ; Matějčková, Tereza (referee)
Karl Jaspers is a thinker who tries in his philosophy to formulate a non-religious concept of faith. The thesis wants to clarify this "philosophical faith", which constitutes for Jaspers an answer to the question, "by what and toward what shall we live". Jaspers characterizes his philosophical faith as a "faith of a thinking man", which lay in grounds of philosophizing itself. On the one hand, philosophical faith (and philosophy itself) is different from the knowledge and science, because it cannot be reduced to a mere content; on the other hand, it is different from the religious faith and religion itself, mainly because it cannot accept the traditional Christian revelation. Finally, philo- sophical faith can be characterized as a communicative manner of life, which wants to reach the maximum possible level of understanding by all people. Keywords Karl Jaspers, philosophical faith, transcendence, existence, religion, revelation, communication
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The Ground of the World: A Marginal Problem in Hegel's Phenomenology of Spirit
Matějčková, Tereza ; Karásek, Jindřich (advisor) ; Gutschmidt, Holger (referee) ; Kuneš, Jan (referee)
Is there a world in G. W. F. Hegel's The Phenomenology of Spirit? This is the central question my doctoral thesis aims to address. Both scholars and philosophers alike tend to consider Hegel a thinker who, having formulated the philosophy of absolute spirit, has surrendered the world. Despite this suspicion, the consciousness finds itself at nearly every level of Hegel's oeuvre in a place called "the world". At every stage, the world changes its shape - along with the consciousness - but its function seems to remain the same. The world is a conception of totality; thus, the world is an object of the consciousness that, by definition, surpasses the consciousness and thus reveals its limits. This moment of a "worldly" estrangement is especially pronounced as the consciousness sets itself into action. One of the most recurring motives in Hegel's The Phenomenology of Spirit is the inability of the consciousness to realize its intentions as planned. The consciousness fails to recognize itself in the deed, and thus devises strategies to distance itself from the deed. In my interpretation, this testifies that the deed is the door to the world, and obviously this world is not one that would be in the power of the consciousness. Instead, it is the consciousness that needs to subordinate itself to the deed...
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The spirit in Hegel's Phenomenology of Spirit: Antigone and Rameau's nephew in dialectical conflict
Matějčková, Tereza ; Karásek, Jindřich (advisor) ; Sobotka, Milan (referee)
The work seeks to gain an understanding of the concept of spirit in Hegel's Phenomenology of Spirit. The objective will be met by means of Hegel's interpretation of Sophocles' Antigone and Diderot's Rameau's Nephew. In its most immediate form the spirit appears as an organically structured whole which Hegel identifies with the Greek ethical substance. Superficially this substance is conceived as a harmonious organism; in reality - as Antigone's and Creon's paradigmatic conflict shows - it is beset by inner conflicts. The once unitary and organically structured spirit decomposes into individual forms of consciousness during the Roman period and develops in further course into a subject freed from anything substantial. It is in this course of the spirit evolving into a subject that Hegel presents his interpretation of Rameau's Nephew. Rameau represents the self-negating and self-destructive spirit, who has completely identified with Antigone's and Creon's revolt and has lost the capability of accepting anything not issuing from his consciousness. The last part of the work presents the spirit as a movement seeking to encompass both of these extremes, i.e. the extreme of the substance devoid of subject as well as the extreme of subject negating the substance. In the context of the Phenomenology of...
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