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Mechanoreception in plants
Martinek, Jan ; Vosolsobě, Stanislav (advisor) ; Kulich, Ivan (referee)
Because of their sessile nature, plants are unable to change their location and thus they are forced to adapt as much as possible to the environment they grow in. Plants evolved the ability to sense many environmental cues, which enables them to perceive the conditions in their surroundings. One class of these stimuli are mechanical forces - from wind sways to contact with obstacles, herbivores or other plants - other mechanical stimuli are e.g. gravity or sound waves. Carnivorous or climbing plants have structures specialised for perception and rapid response to mechanical stimuli. Intriguingly, there is a less spectacular but maybe even more interesting and important response to mechanical perturbation in non-specialized plants. This thesis tries to summarize ubiquity of mechanoperception in plant kingdom and its adaptive importance for the plant life - from activation of traps, to morphological adaptation for growth at windy sites, tendril coiling in climbing plants and root navigation through obstacles in soil. In the following part, the thesis summarizes the recent knowledge of molecular processes accompanied with mechanoreception, signal transduction and integration, and response to mechanostimulation. In the last part I proppose a scheme of mechanosensing workflow from initial mechanical...
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Analysis of antioxidant systems, morphological and physiological parameters in two faba bean (Vicia faba L.) cultivars during drought stress
Jelénková, Iva ; Kočová, Marie (advisor) ; Wilhelmová, Naďa (referee)
Knowledge of physiological and morfological mechanisms which are related to drought tolerance is essential in breeding high-yielding and tolerant plants, which would not suffer unfavourable environmental conditions. Drought stress can lead to oxidative damage which causes serious disorders in physiological and biochemical processes in plant cells. Antioxidants can reduce those negative effects. Morphological (dry mass of shoot and roots, height of shoot, number of leaves), physiological (photosynthetic efficiency, pigment content, relative water content-RWC) and antioxidative (catalase-CAT, ascorbate peroxidase-APX, proline) parameters were evaluated in this study using two genotypes of Vicia faba L. differing in drought susceptibility. Drought resistant (Merkur) and sensitive (Piešťanský) genotypes were exposed to 10 days of drought. Activity of CAT and APX of stressed plants rather decreased. Proline content oscillated and no evident trend or significant differences were observed in relation to drought stress. Decrease in RWC was expressed more at susceptible plants, electron-transport chain activity and pigment content were not affected much by drought. Drought susceptible genotype expressed more serious negative effects of drought in morphological parameters, however this genotype was a bit bigger than...
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The impact of human knowledge on animals and plants
Richterová, Klaudie ; Thein, Karel (advisor) ; Jirsa, Jakub (referee)
Název práce: Dopad lidského poznání na zvířata a rostliny Vedoucí práce: doc. PhDr. Karel Thein, Ph.D. Vypracovala: Klaudie Richterová Abstrakt anglicky The last century has seen the rise of interest in the welfare of animals and one of the leaders of this movement has been the philosopher Peter Singer. His theory says that animals have their own interests, just like humans, because they are able to feel pleasure and pain. On the basis of this assumption he recurs to the principle of equal consideration of interests. Nevertheless this principle applies only to animals and human beings. However, modern research proves that humans and animals are not the only sentient beings on the Earth. Plants are not simply passive things in vegetative state. According to the current research, plants are active individuals who communicate with each other, have their own system of self-defence and basically their own way of life. In accordance with this new scientific knowledge we should include plants into the application of the principle of equal consideration of interests that is if we do not want to be proponents of species superiority.
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Proposal for a revitalization of greenery in the selected area
NEBESOVÁ, Kateřina
In its theoretical part deals with the importance of green areas in towns and settlements, the history of its inception, its different forms and the importance for a healthy way of life of the urban population. The work follows the influence of green areas on a person in terms of aesthetic and hygienic. Discusses the importance and development of the landscape as well and its effect on human activities and return to the influence of the landscape and the nature of the mental and physical health of a person. The practical part of the thesis, the revitalization of the city's historic park addresses located on the square, Husova. The goal of the revitalization of the Park is to improve the functionality of the reference territory from ecological, functional and aesthetic.
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The sampling methodology for GM plants unintentionally present in the environment
Ovesná, Jaroslava ; Kučera, Ladislav ; Sovová, Tereza ; Mitrová, Katarína ; Pouchová, Vladimíra
In this methodology, sampling of plants from agricultural crops(corn, soybean, canola and potato) is defined to assess the presence of unauthorized GM plants in the environment.The methodology is applied mainly in the field of inspection controls of the compliance with Act no.78/2004. The sampling and collected samples must represent to a maximum extent the crops of the controlled part of the field (land parcel or land parcel portion). The basic applications of the methodology include:(a) low portion of unauthorized GM plants(seed contaminated with GM plants unauthorized for cultivation), (b) monitoring of the presence of unauthorized GM plants on land parcel, where there was such an occurence recorded in previous years (for example, plants growing on the field from seeds or tubers from the so called "soil´s seed bank").
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Representation and Symbolic Meaning of Vegetation in Roman and Early Christian Art
Zvířecí, Petra ; Ondřejová, Iva (advisor) ; Bouzek, Jan (referee)
and keywords The thesis discusses the depiction of selected plant species in Roman and Early Christian art and further shortly deals with most considerable elements of vegetable ornaments and its development. The diploma work turns to symbolic meaning of the plants in connection with a religion and mythic tradition. First and second chapter pursue the depiction of herbs and trees (bushes) on mosaics, frescoes and relief-sculpture. In the third part the attention is paid to the significant elements of vegetable ornament: palmette, rosette and acanthus. Sometimes representations of plants from older period are mentioned for the sake of better explanation of their symbolic context (ancient Egypt, Greece). The thesis gathers information from writings of antique authors, in chapters dealing with Christian period from Bible and apocrypha, as well as from modern works related to the problematic. An objective of the thesis is to cover the differences in symbolic meanings of plants after an oncoming of Christianity, to determine, whether those plants were depicted onwards and in which context.
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Buddhism, Plants and Environmental Ethics
Kocurek, Jakub ; Holba, Jiří (advisor) ; Heřman, Robin (referee)
The thesis deals with the problem of Buddhist approach to plants through its history and all its lands. Scientific literature and translations of primary sources translated into western languages are the main sources I use. I particularly focus on the question whether Buddhism considers plants as sentient beings and ascribes them the ability to achieve enlightenment. I also deal with pre-Buddhist ideas concerning plants in each particular region. In the case of India I especially focus on Jainism, the historical companion of Buddhism. Furthermore, I put these facts into a broader frame of Buddhist environmental ethics and Buddhist treatment of the natural world. Thus, this paper should also contribute to the discussion about how ecological Buddhism is. In the pre-Buddhist India, plants were believed to be sentient beings and were involved in the cycle of rebirths. This view was accepted by Jains, but Buddhism chose another way. Whereas early parts of the Pali cannon contain rules prohibiting harming plants, later texts explicitly exclude them from the realm of sentience beings. The topic was further dealt mainly by Eastern Buddhism and, on the contrary, mainly overlooked in other regions. Eastern Buddhism, especially in Japan, again ascribed to plants the ability to attain Buddhahood. This doctrine...
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