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Methodical aspects of measuring poverty in the world
Novák, Dušan ; Hasman, Jiří (advisor) ; Nosek, Vojtěch (referee)
7 Abstract The main purpose of this thesis is to provide a critical view of the issue of measuring poverty as it is not an exception that sometimes the interpretation of the data of this phenomenon is interpreted very inaccurately. There are a lot of indicators that measure poverty by a very different methodology, which can also significantly influence the subsequent interpretation, or national comparison. One of the main issues associated with measuring poverty is the fact that it is very difficult to measure in various parts of the world. The most important sources of data on poverty at international level were examined and their pros and cons were evaluated. The indicators were subsequently mutually confronted in order to explain how the geographical distribution of poverty depends on selected indicator. The result of this thesis is a comprehensive review of to which issues attention should be paid to interpreting poverty from available data. For example, indicators based on the median income or national poverty line are not internationally comparable, although this is often done. Countries such as Ukraine and Turkey are the countries with one of the lowest rates of poverty according to these indices, which certainly may not correspond to the actual level of this phenomenon. Keywords: poverty, poverty...
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Analysis of the Gross Domestic Product of the Czech Republic
Schwarz, Jakub ; Pavelka, Tomáš (advisor) ; Rusmichová, Lada (referee)
The aim of this masters thesis is to propound a complex treatise about the Gross Domestic Product of the Czech Republic between the years 2010 and 2015, with focus on growth dynamics, effect of GDP components according to the expenditure approach and the income approach, international comparison and relation to other economic measures. The thesis aspires to present and interpret the analysed data and put them into socio-economic context. Data for the analysis were retrieved from the National Accounts System, the methodology then emanates from the macroeconomic theory and statistical tools. While years after the financial crisis were characterized by a mild growth, years 2012 and 2013 were a recessional period after which came a sharp growth. Determinants of this development were mainly the situation on the world markets, expansionary monetary policy and anticipations of future development. From the items constituting GDP in the expenditure approach the gross capital formation had the main influence, in the income approach it was the net operating surplus. The economic development of the Czech Republic was relatively closely correlated with the development of the European Union during the analysed period. A significant negative correlation between the value of GDP and unemployment rate also existed, as well as a less significant negative correlation between the value of GDP and inflation rate, however the latter relation was not consistent.
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Position of women on the labour market in the Czech Republic in international comparison
Uhrin Tokhyan, Ani ; Nývlt, Ondřej (advisor) ; Langhamrová, Jitka (referee)
This diploma thesis is focused on position of women on the labour market in the Czech Republic. By descriptive analysis of data relating to employment, unemployment, specific form of work and other indicators, character of Czech labour market is described. There is also a part devoted to State aid for parents with small children, facilities providing childcare and job opportunity for mothers on the labour market. The thesis also includes comparison of selected indicators, which describe situation on the labour market and family policy in chosen countries of western and northern Europe. Possibility to ensure work-life balance is considered to be the main aspect of this topic. The issue of women's position on the labour market is not examined only from gender point of view.
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Gaining Independence of Clients of Facilities of Alternative Education Care in International Comparison
Prokop, Petr ; Prokop, Jiří (advisor) ; Franiok, Petr (referee) ; Syřiště, Ivo (referee)
Gaining independence of clients in the system of the alternative education care is the cardinal topic of the work. Within the framework of the international comparison, the author analyses and makes a survey of the problems accompanying this process. The work does not contain only the conclusions the author came to based on the research in chosen countries (Czech Republic and Poland) but also presents suitable recommendations how the problem of gaining independence of clients of the alternative education care can be solved. The introductory part is applied to theoretical solutions, the international comparisons and examples of a good practice abroad. The author follows opinions of different experts in causalities of the problem from the influence of the biological family through socialization of the clients of the education care to the very problems of the institutional care. He presents these opinions subsequently in the context. In the methodological and research parts the author tries to answer the cardinal question: "What is way the clients of the alternative education care are prepared in order to gain independence?" Within the framework of the qualitative design of the research, the author is mediating the readers the real situation which the clients gaining independence and their carers are...
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Long-Term Care for the elderly in the Czech Republic and European countries in the context of demographic ageing
Nerušilová, Hana ; Rychtaříková, Jitka (advisor) ; Kraus, Jaroslav (referee)
Long-Term Care for the Elderly in the Czech Republic and European countries in the context of demographic ageing Abstract Long-term care refers to the range of services required by persons suffering from a reduced degree of functional capacity and who are dependent on help with activities of daily living. These services include personal care as well as medical and social services. LTC could be provided either in institutional settings or at home - by informal (upaid) or formal providers. European Union has declared that LTC represents one of the main challenges connected with the current demographic changes. The main aim of this thesis is to provide a picture of LTC providing across European countries. Special attention was placed on ensuring care for the elderly in Czechia, where ambiguities about responsibilities (which are divided between The Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs and and The Ministry of Health), financing or even defining the content of this care have recently become quite frequent subjects of public debates. Keywords: demographic ageing, long-term care, health and social services, home care, Czechia, international comparison
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Analysis of the determinants of the entrepreneurship in a country
Palas, Michal ; Bobková, Božena (advisor) ; Brechler, Josef (referee)
This paper aims at explaining the impact of macroeconomic and institutional conditions on cross- country variation in nascent entrepreneurship. Some authors have found significant effects of macroeconomic and institutional variables in their papers. We use data from 56 countries involved in the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor project. We analyse these data from 2006-2012 period using econometric panel data methods. Our results do not confirm the impact of most of the included variables. The results show that the established entrepreneurship rate seems to influence the nascent entrepreneurship rate positively. We also find weak negative effect of amount of paid-in minimum capital associated with starting business. We test the hypothesis of U-shape relation between economic development and nascent entrepreneurship rate. Our results support this hypothesis only in the model without any control variable. The influence of economic development on nascent entrepreneurship rate is insignificant in our full model. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Housing Prices in the Czech Republic and Slovakia: Regional Comparison
Cempírek, Petr ; Hlaváček, Michal (advisor) ; Žigraiová, Diana (referee)
The objective of the present Bachelor's thesis is to compare the behavior of housing prices in the Czech Republic and Slovakia using econometric analysis. First, the author presents the historical context and basic housing indicators. After verifying that variables in dataset are cointegrated, a panel DOLS es- timator for modelling housing prices is employed. The author uses quarterly regional data in order to analyze the response of basic housing price fundamen- tals in the two countries that formed one federation until 1992. By forming a short run equation with an error-correction term the author checks for the existence of long run housing price equilibrium and for the speed of price rever- sion to equilibrium in case it is misaligned. The author then focuses on housing price misalignments as well as their dynamics in the individual regions.
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Analysis of Defence Research and Development in the Czech Republic
Fiala, Karel ; Knobloch, František (advisor) ; Stejskal, Libor (referee)
Defence research and development is an important public policy phenomenon, which represents a relevant part of security policy and interferes with many other areas when considered in a wider perspective. My diploma thesis presents an analysis of the Czech policy of defence research and development and an international comparison with the Netherlands and Slovakia. Governmental policy in this area is relatively pro-active as regards its declared settings. On the other hand, its actual practise reveals many problematic areas. Ministry of Defence's expenditure on defence research and development has been falling since 1999 and recently finds itself well below the limit guaranteed by the law. Insufficient utilisation of foreign financial support might be considered negatively as well. The analysis that I carried out in my thesis identified fundamental shortcomings of the Czech system, the functioning of which is far from being optimal. The deficiencies have mostly a systemic manner and can not be solved by partial changes. Due to this reason I propose an alternative set up of the Czech policy of defence research and development, based on a shift to the agency model inspired by the Dutch experience.
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