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Saudi Arabia and the Emirates Involvement in Yemen War: A Comparative Analysis
Khalife, Sawsan ; Karásek, Tomáš (vedoucí práce) ; Butler, Eamonn (oponent) ; Fitzgerald, James (oponent)
The dissertation compares the unique involvement of Saudi Arabia and the Emirates in the Yemeni war. The scholarship has yet to provide a comprehensive account on the Saudi and Emirati involvement in Yemen that explains their choice to get involved on such a massive scale military intervention. In comparing the cases of their involvement in Yemen war - this research aims to reflects on intangible aspects of power. That is, the ability to use state resources in order to reach political aims. Never before had we the opportunity to contrast the abilities of the two states to exercise power for political aims on such massive scale. In order to explore these aspects, and further advance the literature around the coalition framework in Yemen, this research mirrors one state, Saudi Arabia, in front of its coalition ally, the Emirates, in a deliberate attempt to value, assess and analyse the state interests in Yemen and the measures to reach them. This is accomplished by linking the national interests with the actual involvement in Yemen. Without making a connection between the incentives in the context of national interests, and the tactical level of the operations, assessment of their power capabilities in this case study remains largely limited in scope and constrained within tactical walls. The...
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Quantum Technology and Its Influence in Global Power Politics
Padilla Cruz, Andrea Marzeth ; Tesař, Jakub (vedoucí práce) ; Butler, Eamonn (oponent) ; Dowd, Caitriona (oponent)
The interpretation of technology as a form of power in global politics has played a crucial role in the shaping of the structure of the international system throughout history. Despite the relevance of technology in power politics, relatively little systematic attention has been given to the role of new and emerging technologies, especially in terms of the influence of their spread and effects on the dynamics of the international system and the strategic balance of power. This dissertation studies the influence of Quantum Technology (QT) in global power politics. It empirically explores and evaluates the relationship between QTs and three major global powers: China, the United States, and the European Union, in order to assess how future trajectories in this technology can influence the dynamics of the international system and the strategic balance of power. Building on a theory on military innovation and technological change, i.e. Horowitz's Adoption-Capacity (AC) theory, the study focuses on deepening the understanding of the spread of QTs by analysing the incentives and constraints behind major global power's decision to adopt and develop such technology. Furthermore, it evaluates the implications of this technology for the balance of power, the structure of international competition, and future...
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Financial Intelligence and Money Laundering: A Comparative Case Study of the UK and Brazil
Silveira, Louise Nathalie Vingert ; Butler, Eamonn (vedoucí práce) ; Erkomashvili, David (oponent) ; Biagini, Erika (oponent)
Financial Intelligence and Money Laundering: A Comparative Case Study of the UK and Brazil July 2020 Glasgow University Student ID: 2401161s DCU Student ID: 18114270 Charles University Student ID: 46010726 Louise Nathalie Vingert Silveira Presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of International Master in Security, Intelligence and Strategic Studies Word Count: 24,094 Supervisor: Dr. Eamonn Butler McIntosh Date of Submission: 29th July 2020 Abstract: Money Laundering (ML) offers criminals the means to hide their illicit proceeds allowing them to enjoy their profits or further reinvest in criminal activities. Financial intelligence provides a comprehensive and effective strategy to disrupt these criminal networks increasing security worldwide. To this purpose the use of Financial Intelligence Units (FIUs) are central in detecting suspicious transactions and providing law enforcement with useful intelligence. The international Anti-Money Laundering (AML) regime offers flexibility on the type of their institutional arrangement which have translated into four models by state practice. The aim of this dissertation is to explore this flexibility and question if the model adopted by a country influences its operations. A mix method approach consisting of document analysis and comparative...
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Artificial Intelligence and Human Security: AI Strategy Analysis
Wilson, Elizabeth ; Butler, Eamonn (vedoucí práce) ; Pili, Giangiuseppe (oponent) ; Špelda, Petr (oponent)
The capabilities of Artificial Intelligence are growing quickly while the technology widely proliferates. Many risks and benefits are emerging as it becomes more powerful. This thesis aims to identify the set of risks and benefits emerging from AI that affect Human Security and the implications of how they are being acknowledged and addressed in government strategies. A definition of Human Security was chosen after a review of the literature. Due to its individual country agnosticism and useful split into 7 dimensions (Economic, Food, Health, Environmental, Personal, Community, and Political Security) the 1994 UN Human Development report's definition was chosen. Inductive document analysis was performed using the 7 dimensions of Human Security as an analytical framework. Twenty-four documents from 18 different governments were identified, and then keyword analysis was implemented on each to highlight their relevancy to each of the 7 dimensions. This allowed for the creation of a binary set of data showing the coverage of those 7 dimensions in each document and the overall coverage of each dimension across all documents. The relevancies that were identified were then qualitatively and quantitatively analysed by addressing the trends seen across the documents and each document's relevancy to the 7...
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Establishing A Human Security Framework for Intelligence Analysis
Donald-Tebbutt, Ashley ; Kilroy, Walt (vedoucí práce) ; Butler, Eamonn (oponent) ; Hynek, Nikola (oponent)
The intelligence and security communities are in a constant state of evolution due to new technologies, emerging threats, and the increasing movement of information, people, and ideas. Intelligence analysts play a key role in the interpretation of this evolving world. Intelligence analysts take the data that has been gathered and add value by constructing an analytic product that can be disseminated to key actors and government officials. With the process of interpreting data comes with the risk of biases; however, it is important to note that intelligence analysts are already working with a degree of bias sample, as they take the data they can get and do not have an endless supply of information, despite our perception. Frameworks and techniques have been developed in an attempt to limit the bias that enters analytic products. However, it is important to acknowledge that bias is unavoidable. In attempts to provide best practices for intelligence analysts the literature has expanded and incorporated cross-disciplinary approaches. This project looks at the possible incorporation of human security into the intelligence analysis. Human security, with its shift to the individual as the primary reference point, expands the interpretation of security as comprising a multidimensional approach. This...
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Innovative Peacekeeping: The Potential of Digital Technologies in CSDP Operations
Lazar, Alexandru ; Butler, Eamonn (vedoucí práce) ; Hynek, Nikola (oponent) ; Dowd, Caitriona (oponent)
In the past two decades, digital technologies have changed how international organisations respond to conflicts. With contemporary armed struggles gaining new dimensions and becoming more complex, a challenge remains to comprehend the potential of both militarised and unconventional digital capabilities, and to determine which of them are the best devices and systems for peacekeeping operations. Nevertheless, the potential of such innovative digital technologies in EU's CSDP operations remains unclear. Along those lines, this study aims to firstly assess the practicality and functionality of these innovative capabilities, in terms of their impact on the actors, intelligence gathering and analysis process, and the opportunity for advocacy that such technologies offer to local communities. Secondly, it identifies and deconstructs the narratives and initiatives dealing with digital technologies in EU external action, in order to understand the growing emphasis placed on these tools and the direction in which the Union is going with regard to these innovative capabilities. Thirdly, in its quest to answer the research question, this study examines the potential benefits and shortcomings posed by both existing and more novel digital capabilities to CSDP operations. This dissertation proposes and defines...
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Cyberspatialities of Russia and the United-States: The Challenging Governance of a "Consensual Hallucination"
Plattner, Simon Antonin ; Butler, Eamonn (vedoucí práce) ; Špelda, Petr (oponent) ; Dowd, Caitriona (oponent)
Cyberspatialities of Russia and the United-States : The challenging governance of a "consensual hallucination" This research proposes to appreciate the U.S. and Russia's current cyberspatialities as a the consequence of Cold War inherited and rivalling cybercultures and as the cause of Moscow's "pyromaniac fire-fighter" cyberstrategy. Indeed, the cybercultural analysis reveals that each of the two former superpowers engaged at the end of the second World War in a cybernetic race that fuelled their rivalry well beyond the collapse of Soviet Union. Despite the particularly passionate adoption of the new field by the Soviets, their formal techno-socialist utopia, incarnated by the OGAS system, failed to come into being. However, the largely underestimated formal cyberculture developed throughout this kiber adventure by the Soviet Union deeply influenced its American rivals. As analysed throughout part 5.1.1, the overbidding rational urged by the realist dogmas of hegemonic Cold-War geopolitics nurtured a constant and dynamic interplays of cybercultures. As it is often the case in cultural transfers, this merging of cybercultures was initiated underground and occurred within the framework of the popular cyberpunk literature. Exemplified by the international adoption of the cyberpunk term cyberspace,...
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Comparing Far Right and Jihadi Use of Crowdfunding, Cryptocurrencies, and Blockchain Technology: Accessibility, Geography, Ideology
Warreth, Shahed Abdulhadi ; Conway, Maura (vedoucí práce) ; Špelda, Petr (oponent) ; Butler, Eamonn (oponent)
Comparing Far Right and Jihadi Use of Crowdfunding, Cryptocurrencies, and Blockchain Technology: Accessibility, Geography, Ideology July, 2020 University of Glasgow: 2369640 Dublin City University: 18114814 Charles University: 16813690 Shahed Warreth Presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of International Master in Security, Intelligence and Strategic Studies Word Count: 22,343 words Supervisor: Prof. Maura Conway Date of Submission: 27 July 2020 Abstract Previous academic research and policy work has focused predominantly on terrorist, i.e. jihadi, financing, while far right financing has predominately received the attention of journalists and media outlets. To date, no work has been done that compares and contrasts how the far right and jihadi groups utilise crowdfunding, cryptocurrencies, and blockchain technology. This dissertation seeks to shed light on how both ideologies use them, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of this use to each. It finds that far right groups are far more successful than jihadi groups in their use of these methods and technologies. This is due to three factors: the accessibility and proliferation of online crowdfunding platforms, and integration of cryptocurrencies and blockchain; the impact of geographical location and legislative...
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The UK's Executive Counter-Terrorism Measures: A Critical Analysis of Strategy and Implementation
Wentworth, Matthew ; Fitzgerald, James (vedoucí práce) ; Ludvík, Zdeněk (oponent) ; Butler, Eamonn (oponent)
Since 2001, numerous national security threat developments have contributed to a significant increase in powers governing the use of coercive executive measures for use in a counter-terrorism context. The existing literature on the topic recognises the dynamic nature of the threat environment and the potential utility of executive measures but tends to focus on human rights and rule of law debates regarding the features of individual measures. This paper evaluates and critically analyses the changes in the UK's strategy behind, and implementation of, these executive measures with a specific focus on those employed to manage the terrorism-related risk of domestic individuals. Through assessment of domestic court and Strasbourg jurisprudence, strategy documents, oversight reports such as those from the Independent Reviewers of Terrorism Legislation, Parliamentary debate records, and official counter-terrorism figures, the paper analyses the ways in which the design and levels of use of the measures have been influenced by legal, political, and security-related factors. It argues that the along with the normalisation of these measures there has been accompanying policies to both restrict and extend them, resulting in a system which is strategically unclear and operationally insufficient. The research...
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The 'Uploading' and 'Downloading' of the European Union's Counterterrorism 'Prevent' Policy 2005-2016: A British Case Study
Templeton, Ellie Grace ; Bureš, Oldřich (vedoucí práce) ; Butler, Eamonn (oponent) ; Dowd, Caitriona (oponent)
The 2004 Madrid bombings marked the deadliest Islamic terrorist attack to take place in European history, and followed by the London bombings in 2005, constituted a significant turning point for the European Union (EU) with both the materialisation of a 'distinctive, separate and multi-dimensional' counterterrorism policy domain and the collective recognition for the need to internally prevent radicalisation and terrorism. However, operating within a multilevel European security field marked by national sovereignty, it has questioned to what extent the EU has subsequently impacted and shaped member states' counterterrorism policy. Moreover, with a mutual reaction to the 2004/2005 attacks, the analogous adoption of 'Prevent' strategy, and as a leading member state in advanced counterterrorism practice, the United Kingdom (UK) has further questioned not only the extent to which national policy has been impacted by, but has impacted, EU-level policy. By employing Britain as a longitudinal case study, this thesis thereby examines to what extent the UK and EU have 'uploaded' and 'downloaded' counterterrorism 'Prevent' policy to the respective European and national level, with the aim to provide new insight into the processes and levels of Europeanisation within the EU's post-2005 counterterrorism policy...
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