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Nuclear energy and its future
Eretová, Kamila ; Dvořák, Antonín (advisor) ; Hadrabová, Alena (referee)
This work deals with the potential of nuclear energy in general and in our country. Nuclear energy offers as almost a necessary alternative to fill growing demand for electricity in our country and the world. Increased attention is paid to the electricity market in our country, the role of nuclear energy in the Czech energy mix and the possibilities of its use in the future as an alternative to other energy sources (renewable, fossil resources), and savings and imports from abroad. The author summarizes the main benefits, but also the risk that nuclear energy brings. Does not forget the attitude of environmentalists, opponents and the public to the nuclear issue, which improves long-term, giving scope for the use of nuclear energy.
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Public on Power Engineering - May 2014
Tuček, Milan
In May 2014 the Public Opinion Research Centre within the broader thematic area of the environment enquired some questions related to the consumption and production of electrical energy and nuclear energy.
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Position of nuclear energy in Europe (focus on France)
Rožníčková, Lucie ; Kašpar, Václav (advisor) ; Vošta, Milan (referee)
The objective of the thesis is to characterize the nuclear energy in the european area with the focus on nuclear energy in France. The sector of nuclear energy is now experiencing a new period, so-called "nuclear renaissance". Many european countries decided to rebuild the present nuclear power sites or to construct new ones. Nuclear energy is the most advantageous solutions for many european countries because it decreases external energy dependence and it helps to diminish the carbon dioxide emissions. In the connection with the Czech Presidency in the European Union, it was made proposal for the "Nuclear Security Community" which has to unify the security level of member states of the EU and to intensify the mutual cooperation in the domain of nuclear energy. France represents world nuclear leader thanks to efficiently operating oragnizations, excellent results in nuclear research, realization of nuclear fuel recycling and strong government support. Nucler energy in France can serve as an example for four recommendations to other european countries: government support, efficiently working research institutions, global cooperation between all subjects participating on the formation of nuclear energy and active involvement in the international cooperation in nuclear energy. In spite of constantly high initial investment in construction of nuclear power sites, the nuclear energy seems to experience a positive future.
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The limited liability of the nuclear power plant operators in the european context
Sobotka, Ladislav ; Němcová, Ingeborg (advisor) ; Horák, Jiří (referee)
This thesis focuses on the harmonization of the limited nuclear liability on the european level. The current situation can be characterized with generally low liability limits and different conditions for nuclear energy in the Member States. Such a situations has its consequences in terms of uncertainity about the compenstion of the victims and deformation of the nuclear power market. The first part of the thesis focuses on the development of the european energetic policy and subsequently it strives to answer what elements of the nuclear liability regime are optimal, what are the benefits of the harmonisation on the EU level and what is a realistic way of implementation. The attention is also paid to the obstacles of the whole process.
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Energy Conception of Czech Republic - coal as the most important domestic energy resource
Lepeltová, Radka ; Dvořák, Antonín (advisor) ; Hadrabová, Alena (referee)
The state energy conception sets the direction in energy industry and outlines main instruments and trends in this area. The priority of the state energy conception is to reach energy security of the country, which can be ensured by more energy resources of the fuel mix. The main component of the domestic energy mix is brown coal, which is mostly used in brown coal electric works for generating electric energy and heat. Coal mining is and was one of the main elements of Czech Republic's national industry, but there are also negative ecological impacts connected with coal winning. Further coal mining is restricted by so-called territorial ecological limits for brown coal mining that protect the environment and community against the mining consequences. Many of the brown coal supplies can, however, also in future represent an important energy resource, which will enable security, production independence and price availability of energy. At work is further explanation of the limits and progress of breaking the limits. Other energy resources are nuclear energy and renewable energy resources, whose importance rises and which contribute to a balanced energy mix.
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Nuclear magnetic resonance in yttrium-iron garnets with cobalt and germanium substitutions
Schimm, Petr ; Štěpánková, Helena (advisor) ; Rotter, Miloš (referee)
Title: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance of Yttrium Iron Garnets with Substitutions of Cobalt and Germanium Author: Petr Schimm Department: Department of Low Temperature Physics Supervisor: prof. RNDr. Helena Štěpánková, CSc., Department of Low Temperature Physics Abstract: The work is devoted to investigation of thin films of nominally pure yttrium iron garnet and garnets containing cationic substitutions of Co, Ca and Ge. The examined samples were prepared by epitaxial growth from barium flux BaO/Ba2O3/BaF2. The aim was to find whether and how the substitutions, especially cobalt, influence the spectra of 57 Fe nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The 57 Fe NMR spectra (in zero external magnetic field and at a temperature of 4.2K) were measured and a good resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio were reached. The weak satellite lines induced by defects, impurities and aimed substitutions were detected. The primary analysis of the spectra and their comparison were performed. Keywords: NMR, yttrium iron garnet, defects, substitution of Co, Ge, Ca
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The Role of the Atomic Weapon in the Foreign Policy of the United States during the Korean War
Štěpánková, Jitka ; Bečka, Jan (advisor) ; Calda, Miloš (referee)
Atomic bomb has had a profound impact on the international relations after the end of the Second World War. It became not only an effective military weapon, but as the American statesmen hoped, it could also served as an instrument of foreign policy and become a political and diplomatic asset. The United States wanted to use the atomic weapon to obtain concessions from the USSR and in general, to deter the enemy. This thesis analyzes the role of the atomic bomb in the first "hot" conflict of the Cold War - the Korean War. The atomic bomb, according to American military planners, should have played a crucial role in the US military plans, but in a limited war, which the Korean conflict turned out to be, their concepts proved to be inapplicable and as a result, the nuclear weapon was not used in combat operations. The atomic bomb was thus used in the Korean War not as a military weapon, but as a political instrument. President Eisenhower and his Secretary of State John F. Dulles, for example, believed that the nuclear threats which they had addressed to their communist adversaries, led to the armistice in Korea 1953. By analyzing the steps made by the American politicians as well as the theoretical studies focusing on the nuclear weapons as a deterrent in foreign policy, however, it can be argued that the...
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Vliv podávání prášku na mechanické vlastnosti plazmových nástřiků mědi a wolframu
Mušálek, Radek ; Matějíček, Jiří
Nuclear fusion is considered to be a promising energy source for the future. One of the biggest problems which has to be solved is the development of inner wall material of the fusion reactor. For the inner parts which will be exposed to high levels of heat and particle flux, a combination of tungsten layer on copper parts was proposed. Tungsten is refractory material resistant to high heat and particle flux, while copper can efficiently remove heat due to its high thermal conductivity. But high stress concentration on the materials interface can occur due to the thermal expansion coefficient (CTE) mismatch of both materials when exposed to high temperatures. Therefore plasma spraying is promising technology for this application. One of the critical plasma spraying parameters is the carrier gas flow which has to be optimized to ensure proper particle trajectory along the centerline of the plasma flame. Obtained results are currently being used for the development of FGM coatings.
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Ecological problems energetics CR
Mahdal, Vlastimil ; Ptáček, Michal (referee) ; Matoušek, Antonín (advisor)
This project presents the current state of power engineering, power resources in the Czech Republic and the impact of power resources on the environment. The first chapter describes the nature of the power engineering of the Czech Republic and the structure of primary energy sources, the next chapter present the current state of electricity, there is also described the structure of instaled capacity, consumption and production of electrical energy. The following section describes the impact of the power stations on the environment and their current status in the Czech Republic. The practical part provides information of calculating emissions using emission factors for power stations of company ČEZ, a.s. and about the storage of nuclear waste. The last chapter is dedicated to reducing carbon dioxide emissions in the European Union and describes measures in the Czech Republic for reducing these emissions.
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British Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament in Its Prime
Langmajerová, Barbora ; Váška, Jan (advisor) ; Smetana, Vít (referee)
Since 1958 the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament was the best known British organisation opposing nuclear weapons. They organized the greatest protest activities mainly in two critical periods of the Cold War: 1958-1963 and 1979-1987. The intent of my thesis is to compare the work of the Campaign in these two historical eras. In connection with the functioning of the anti-nuclear protest movement the paper focuses on several issues: (1) the circumstances of the establishment and resurfacing of the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament, (2) its main activities, (3) the reasons why the protests faded away, (4) changes of the membership, (5) affiliated groups and international cooperation, (6) relationship between the campaigners and the Labour Party, (7) reactions of the British governments and (8) of general public. In addition to the analysis of the Campaign's work the paper tries to explain the political and historical context as well. A chapter describing the 1960s and 1970s was included for better continuity of the text. At that time the British population wasn't that interested in the nuclear armament and the activities of the Campaign were considerably limited. My thesis should explain the main changes in the perception of the nuclear threat during the Cold War and find the most important...
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