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Cognitive Analysis of Temporal Prepositions in Czech
Pavlíková, Veronika ; Lehečková, Eva (advisor) ; Vaňková, Irena (referee)
The present thesis deals with temporal prepositions in Czech from a cognitive and constructional grammar perspective. It aims at demonstrating how one conceptualises time, the emphasis being put on time conceptualised as space. The introduction of the thesis presents a brief summary of the terminology. It is followed by the theoretical part, which has three sections. The first one engages in the characteristics of Czech prepositions; the second one presents cognitive approaches to the analysis of English temporal prepositions; and the third one discusses the methods of analysing English temporal expressions within the framework of constructional grammar. The practical part deals first with a table, in which we analyse all the sample sentences of the prepositions we focus on. Attention is paid to the individual features examined and their relevance in the table. We also discuss the methodology used to form the final version of the table. This is followed by the characteristics of the individual prepositions itself and by recording their meanings into constructions. The last section of the practical part presents the results of the analysis. In the conclusion, we summarise the results of the individual analyses, i.e. both the analyses of the individual specific samples of the prepositions, and the...
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The Dog in Linguistic Picture of the World in Czech
Prokšová, Hana ; Vaňková, Irena (advisor) ; Bozděchová, Ivana (referee)
I. Abstract This paper is based on the theoretical principes of the Polish ethnolinguistic works introduced in the first part of this paper. We pay special attention to the theory of anthropocentrism of a natural language. The main focus of this theory is the differentiation between "one's own" and "human" on one side and "someone else's" and "non-human"on the other in a cognitive comprehension of the world. We further apply the anthropocentric approach to outline the conceptualization of domestic animals in the Czech language. The second part of the text deals with the expression pes (‚dog') in Czech and its derivatives, their position within the lexical system, their semantics, connotations and the stereotypes associated with them. The conclusion presents a cognitive definition of the concept pes (‚dog') in Czech. The definition builds upon the entry structure of the Polish Dictionary of Folk Stereotypes and Symbols.
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The linguistic picture of the leg/legs in Czech
Čurdová, Veronika ; Vaňková, Irena (advisor) ; Pacovská, Jasňa (referee)
The thesis is a contribution to the study of designations of the human body in the Czech language and is based on contemporary theories and methods of cognitive and cultural approaches to language. It focuses on that part of reality which is called noha / nohy by members of Czech linguistic community. First, two terminological perspectives from which the leg / legs can be seen were comapared: the natural perspective of the linguistic picture of the world and the scientific medical perspective. The medical perspective tends to categorize parts of the body very precisely, it also analyses deep structures of the leg / legs. In contrast the natural perspectives only the surface of the leg / legs and distinguishes those categories which are significant for humans and their existence in the world. In the main chapter we attempt to define the meaning of the Czech noha / nohy and of parts of the leg / legs by analysing definitions in Czech monolingual dictionaries, etymology of words, derived words and compounds, synonyms and especially phraseology. Based on the analysis of these sources we determined the systemic connotations and connected semantic profiles. We set down four semantic profiles: 1) appearance of leg / legs; 2) leg /legs as a part of the human body; 3) leg / legs as a means of movement...
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Linguistic Representation of National Stereotypes in Czech Media
Vlasáková, Zuzana ; Janovec, Ladislav (advisor) ; Chejnová, Pavla (referee)
Résumé This diploma thesis under the title Linguistic Representation of National Stereotypes in Czech Media deals with which stereotypes about three chosen nationalities - Romani, Vietnamese and Russians - are present in the selected sample selected from Czech media and how they are linguistically represented. The paper is based on the presumption that despite the principle of political correctness present in most of the journalese code of ethics, it is not possible to avoid some manifestations of shared fixed images of nationalities (called stereotypes) in media. Next, we argue that the media image of the world is based on the Linguistic Image of the World. The theoretical basis of the cognitive linguistics, especially the Prototype/Stereotype Theory and categorization as the way of understanding and assorting the world, were the main methodological sources. There is a chapter on each analysed national group that depicts the means of its categorisation and lists the particular categories that ensued from the analysis as well as the stereotypes that were discovered in the surveyed sample. Key words: Romani, Vietnamese, Russians, stereotypes, categorization, cognitive linguistics, media
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Concept of the four seasons in Czech language
Pevná, Lucie ; Janovec, Ladislav (advisor) ; Chejnová, Pavla (referee)
The diploma thesis explores the four seasons from the view point of the linguistic picture of the world theory. The etholinguistic approach is applied in the thesis - attention is paid to the Czech-specific perception of reality especially focused on the weather and the changes of the nature in the course of the four seasons. Human perception of the change is based upon the senses - the sense of hearing, the sense of smell, and touch and the eyesight. Each season is unique. The seasons can be differentiated by their season specific stereotypes, season prototypes, and connotations. On the linguistic pictures of each season collocations are built, from which new lexical items originate, describing the season as such. Due to anthropocentrism we perceive individual astronomical and meteorological issues as personified items to which we ascribe human behaviour and human qualities. The motto of the thesis says: "I will not do the spring sowing next year. " The motto denotes the interaction of two conceptual schemata (the scheme of a cycle and the scheme of a journey) realizing the fact that the natural cycle corresponds in our mental representation with the phases of human life. The difference between the concepts is that man always reaches the terminal point of his journey unlike the nature constantly...
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Birds in the phraseological similes. Contribution to the study of the linguistic picture of the world in Czech
Šťastná, Lucie ; Vaňková, Irena (advisor) ; Andrlová Fidlerová, Alena (referee)
This bachelor's thesis is a contribution to the study of the linguistic picture of the world in Czech. The first chapter of the thesis describes the formal semantic structure of the phraseological simile and further discusses the simile's position within the linguistic picture of the world. Moreover, the chapter defines the thematic group of zoonyms (names of animals) in relation to similes. The second chapter presents the linguistic picture of the prototype of a bird, and the next one focuses on specific bird species. The thesis not only reconstructs particular linguistic pictures, but also, most importantly, links them with phraseology - primarily with lexicalized similes. These set phrases relate to the bird itself (its body, behaviour and character) as well as to various significant aspects of its life (e.g. its nest or eggs).
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Phrasems in Norwegian and Czech - A Comparison from the Cognitive Linguistics Perspective
Payneová, Marie ; Štajnerová, Petra (advisor) ; Vaňková, Irena (referee)
In this thesis we deal with the analysis of expressions - in particular the metaphorical and phraseological expressions - containing a motive of an animal in Czech and Norwegian. The method is based on cognitive linguistics, mainly on the Polish ethnolinguistic school, with a special focus on the definition of metaphor and symbol from the point of view of the philosophical hermeneutics. We describe and support some common principles of the perception and conceptualization of animals in both languages and we focus on semantic connections concerning this topic. Our main focus is on the expression wolf - we compare the linguistic picture of the world of this controversial animal in Czech and Norwegian.
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Temperature as Source Sphere of Conceptual Metaphors
Hýsková, Tereza ; Vaňková, Irena (advisor) ; Pacovská, Jasňa (referee)
This thesis is focused on a research of the source domain of temperature and related concepts. It is based on the approaches of American and Polish Cognitive Linguistics. The first part is regarded to the relationship between the concepts of WARMTH / COLD and other basic concepts. The crucial part of the thesis deals with temperature as the source domain in conceptualization of emotions, emotional states and human behaviour. This part includes the description of general phenomenon in the process of mapping from the source domain of temperature to the target domain of emotions. The next chapters are focused on the Czech expressions related to separate emotions which are viewed as the target domains. There are marked the source domains of WARMTH, COLD, HEAT and FIRE in the thesis. These source domains are considered to have different roles and the human corporealness is assumed to be the main reason for the differences.
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The use of conceptual metaphors in Czech advertising discourse
HAPKOVÁ, Klára
This diploma thesis deals with so-called conceptual metaphors' use in the Czech advertising discourse. The first section of the theoretical part is devoted to advertising and characteristic features of advertising. The second section concentrates on theory of metaphor and introduces readers to cognitive linguistics and one of its objects of interest, conceptual metaphor. In the practical part of the thesis are presented results of analysis concentrating on distribution of conceptual metaphors in advertising texts promoting among others drinks, food, dry goods, fashion, cars and financial products.
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