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The role of the nurse taking care of patients with breast cancer.
KRBCOVÁ, Julie
The actual issue regarding the female population consists in a high incidence of pathological breast findings that can be benign but even most frequently malign. For my bachelor thesis, I chose the theme "The Role of a Nurse in Providing Nursing Care for Women with Breast Tumors", because these issues remain still topical. Basic theoretical grounds of the thesis describe female breast anatomy and pathology. They inform us about problems regarding the causes of the tumor disease and the most common symptoms of the disease. The use of up-to-date diagnostic methods (primarily mammography) and their wide accessibility within a screening program take a significant part in a high percentage of early detected stages of the disease. Breast tumor surgery belongs to the operations demanding from both physical and psychic aspects. The role of a general nurse in providing preoperative and primarily postoperative care is important. A nurse provides a complex nursing care, observes nursing care principles to satisfy individual patient? needs. A nurse does not forget to give information, minds the education, sympathetic access and psychic support of a patient. This bachelor thesis was devoted to the issues of a nurse role in providing postoperative nursing care to patients with breast tumor. The first objective was to describe specific aspects of nursing care in patients after surgery for breast tumor. The second objective was to find out the role of a nurse within a postoperative period in patients with breast tumor. Two research questions were set to fulfill those objectives. The first research question: "Which specific nursing activities does a nurse perform within a postoperative period in patients after breast surgery?" The second research question: "What role does a nurse hold within a postoperative period in patients with breast tumor?" A qualitative research inquiry was used to process the research part of this bachelor thesis. A semi-structured interview was used as a data collection method. The research inquiry was performed in the Department of Surgery of the České Budějovice Hospital, Inc. The first research question surveyed specific nursing activities of nurses performed in patients after surgery for breast tumor. The answers showed that nurses were familiar with specific nursing activities which they performed within postoperative period in patients with breast tumor. Specific aspects described by both the nurses and patients are narrowly associated with the intervention they underwent and which is specific itself. The second research question found out the roles of a nurse within a postoperative period in patients with breast tumor. From the results of answers given by both nurses and patients is clear that the following roles of a nurse were fulfilled: a communicator, an educator and a bearer of changes. Some educational and illustrative tools (silicone breast phantom for the self-examination instruction) intended for nursing personnel are one of the possibilities how to achieve an effective application of nursing interventions in breast tumor prevention and how to help nurses to improve the relation of communication and education on these issues. The results of my bachelor thesis could be used as an information material that could serve to an improvement of the quality and effectiveness in nursing care for the experienced nurses as well as for beginning ones who meet such patients at their job. The results of my research inquiry could be used as basic material to elaborate some lecture for a professional seminary or conference intended for nurses.
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Management of Breast Cancer
Šimková, Veronika ; Střítecký, Rudolf (advisor) ; Lešetický, Ondřej (referee)
Breast tumors are not only main incidence of tumor based load of women population, but they are still the most common cause of death in the area of tumor diseases. 1950 women dies on breast tumors every year, which is 37 out of 100 thousand women. Overall are breast tumors cause of deaths in 3.5% women in population. Despite still growing incidence of breast tumors, death rate caused by this type of tumor stagnate on long tearm basis, which clearly shows improvement in treatment success mostly thanks to higher finding in earlier stages. In our country is in 28 years evident shift of incidence into younger age groups, which starts to be obvious in age group of 40-44 years already. Today's prevention possibilities are on high level. It depend's only on patients themselves, if they will obey these rules. At early finding illness of breast carcinoma is prognosis of recovery high. Because of this disease topicality I've decided to process this topic and expand my knowledge.
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Nursing of children on a transplant unit
HERKUCZOVÁ, Lenka
Oncological disease is very stressful and worrying for everyone. In the second half of 20th century, tumor disease became the second most frequent cause of death of children and young adults. They bring a major intervention to the child´s life, to the life of his or her family and to the lives of people close to the child. The research was proceeded on transplant unit and standard unit in Children´s Cancer Hospital. The objective of the thesis was to find out the specifics of the care on the transplant unit and based on obtained results determine actions that could make the care for children in the transplant unit more pleasant and improve the quality of the care. The objectives were fulfiled. Based on the research four hypothesis were formed.
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Awareness of patients about diagnostics and therapy of malignant gynecologic tumours
PLOJHAROVÁ, Anna
Three goals were set for the work. The first one was to find out whether women see their gynecologists once a year for the recommended preventive examination. The second goal was to asses the level of awareness among women regarding diagnostics and therapy of malignant gynecological tumours. The third goal of the work was to find out whether women are sufficiently informed about possible prevention and protection against cancer development. In connection with these goals three hypotheses were set to validate them. The first hypothesis supposed that women do not undergo yearly preventive examinations. It has not been validated by the research. The second hypothesis, that women are sufficiently informed about gynecological diseases, has proved to be correct. The third hypothesis, that women are sufficiently informed about prevention against cancer development, has also turned out to be correct.
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Cell fusion and carcinogenesis
MARŠÍKOVÁ, Hana
The origin of cancer remains enigmatic. The object of this study was to find out the impact of BMDCs fusion without any carcinogens on cancer progression. The arising instability of genome could give rise to malignancy.
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