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Sublethal effects of the insecticides neonicotinoids on migration abilities of spiders
Přibáňová, Gabriela ; Řezáč, Milan (advisor) ; Korenko, Stanislav (referee)
The purpose for using pesticides is to kill organisms that cause damage (so-called pests) on various crops and thus prevent possible crop losses. Their side effect is a negative impact on non-target organisms. The presented diploma thesis is focused on the effect of neonicotinoids on invertebrates particularly on spiders. Its main goal was to document their influence on behavioral parameters influencing dispersal abilities such as locomotion and tendency to spread by wind (so-called ballooning). The diploma thesis compares the influence of neonicotinoids on model species, Pardosa lugubris (Walckenaer, 1802) and Phylloneta impressa (L. Koch, 1881) with different modes of prey hunting and compares the influence on adult and nymphal stages. Pesticides Actara® 25 WG, Biscaya® 240 OD, Confidor® 200 OD and Mospilan® 20 SP were applied to the spiders under laboratory conditions and their effect was tested at different concentrations and different methods of application. The biggest impact on spiders had Confidor. It clearly had the most significant negative effect on mobility and a tendency to spider wind propagation. The lethal effects were caused by neonicotinoids in nymphal individuals Pardosa lugubris, especially Confidor (even 100% mortality for tarsal application). During an experiment studying the...
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Heat wave effect on mortality in summer 2003 and 2006 in Prague
Knobová, Veronika
Heat wave effect on mortality in summer 2003 and 2006 in Prague Bc. Veronika Knobová Abstract Background: During August 2003 and July 2006 there were observed records hight temperature and hight concentrations of pollutants across Europe. The effect of heat waves led to significant increases in total mortality, respiratory mortality and cardiovascular mortality. This study evaluates the association between exposure to heat waves and daily non- accidental mortality, respiratory mortality and cardiovascular mortality in Prague, Czech Republic. Methods: The effect of heat wave in summer 2003 and 2006 on mortality was investigated using the negative binomial regression (type of the Poisson model). Counts of death were regressed on temperature, humidity, long-term trends, season, day of week and concentrations of pollutants (O3 levels, PM10 levels, NO2 levels, SO2 levels, CO levels). We used 1 day lag. Results: We found association between heat waves in summers 2003 and 2006 and daily mortality and mortality on respiratory a cardiovasculary diseases. No statistically significant association was detected. The effect of heat wave was more significant in women. Conclusions: The effect of heat wave in August 2003 and July 2006 caused adverse effect on mortality in Prague, though lower as compared to many other...
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Structural and functional impacts of infective endocarditis
Pazderník, Michal ; Šochman, Jan (advisor) ; Veselka, Josef (referee) ; Beneš, Jiří (referee)
Despite more recent advances in both medical and surgical therapies, the syndrome of infective endocarditis (IE) continues to be characterized by serious complications, and remains a life-threatening infection. According to data from the World Health Organization, the Czech Republic has one of the highest mortality rates due to this disease worldwide. Despite the severity of illness in this country, very few data have been reported previously regarding investigations of IE in the Czech Republic. Consequently, a retrospective evaluation of local IE cases at one of the country's largest medical centers was conducted. Our aim was to analyze the characteristics of this disease in our country. The greatest interest was devoted to Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), etiological agent that has been associated with the worst course of IE episodes. The hypothesis of our study was that infective endocarditis caused by S. aureus, in comparison with other etiological agents, is associated with worse course of the disease. We evaluated the structural (abscess formation, impaired integrity of heart valves, systemic embolism) and functional (incidence of heart failure and conduction disturbances, in-hospital mortality) manifestations of IE. Of all studied parameters, only embolism and S. aureus as the causative agent were...
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The wider context of the impact of solar activity on mortality by cause in the Czech Republic
Podolská, Kateřina
The wider context of the impact of solar activity on mortality by cause in the Czech Republic Abstract The presented dissertation investigates the influence of extraterestrial phenomena, in the whole scope of their possible effects, on human population. It analyses the influence of climate-change induced fluctuation of solar activity on the population, as well as the impact of the concentration of cosmogenic radionuclides on human health. In the introduction, the manifestation of solar activity on Earth is described, the results of the present research is summarized, and the used methods of data processing and the data sources are described. The primary focus of this work is the association of mortality from the causes of death recorded under chapter IV. Diseases of the nervous system and chapter IX. Diseases of the circulatory system of the International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision (ICD-10) in the Czech Republic with the changes in the level of solar activity and its exceptional fluctuations. The main aim is to determine the possible link between the daily numbers of dead by the respective causes of death, by sex and age groups in the Czech Republic, on global as well as on geographically specific daily values of solar, ionospheric, and geomagnetic parameters in the years 1994-2013. These are...
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Effects of sudden air temperature and pressure changes on mortality
Plavcová, Eva
It has been shown that weather influences human health; however, little attention has been payed to the role of sudden changes of weather characteristics. In this work we developed an algorithm for identification of sudden changes of air pressure and temperature over the Czech Republic. Events were selected from the data covering 1986-2005 and were compared with the database of daily all-cause (total) mortality and mortality due to cardiovascular diseases, both for the whole population and for people aged 70 years or more. Increase of mortality was found after significant temperature increase or pressure drop both in summer and winter months. Decrease of mortality occured after significant pressure increase or temperature drop in summer. Mortality variations are usually more pronounced for population aged 70 years or more, and sudden temperature changes affect mortality on cardiovascular diseases more strongly. Changes in mortality were found after passages of cold fronts in summer, too.
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Determinants of the circulatory system diseases among the Czech population
Lustigová, Michala
Determinants of circulatory system diseases among the Czech population Abstract The determinants of circulatory system diseases are very well known, modifiable risk factors and factors widely spread among populations are in focus for the public health research. The aim of this thesis is a quantification of main cardiovascular risk factors in the Czech population using the survival analysis and HAPIEE cohort data. The epidemiologic situation, trends in the Czech population health including "the cardiovascular revolution" is discussed in the first part of the thesis. Among the Czech population high prevalence of many risk factors were found. The education had the strongest impact on cardiovascular health from sociodemographic characteristics. The negative effect of smoking, prevalence of high blood pressure, prevalence of diabetes and physical inactivity was confirmed. On the other hand the impact of obesity, binge drinking and high blood cholesterol level was not significant among the Czech population. The population approach in cardiovascular epidemiology and cardiovascular health promotion as well are discussed in the last chapter. Keywords: diseases of the circulatory system, mortality, health transition, cardiovascular health, risk factors, survival analysis, health promotion
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Population development in Sweden since 1960
Nováková, Iveta ; Kurtinová, Olga (advisor) ; Kalibová, Květa (referee)
Population development in Sweden since 1960 Abstract This diploma thesis deals with the population development in Sweden between 1960 and 2018. The main goal of this work is to evaluate in the context of selected demographic characteristics the course of demographic changes that appeared in the country after 1960. The result is changes in the level of demographic reproduction, which are referred to as the second demographic transition. From the 1960s to the present, Sweden has seen an increase in the average age at first marriage, an increase in the average age of the mother giving birth and an increase in the number of divorces. During the observed period, the Swedish population aged, the share of the pre-productive component of the population decreased, while the share of the post-productive component in the population increased. The development of total fertility in Sweden is often compared to a roller coaster due to its specific fluctuation. From 1960 to 2018, Sweden saw a decline in mortality rates, especially in the older age groups and up to one year of age, which was reflected in the values of life expectancy at birth that grew for both men and women. Sweden is inspiring for other European countries with its gender-neutral family and social policy. Keywords: population development, Sweden, second...
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Thinking in unconcealedness
Zajíc, Tomáš ; Hogenová, Anna (advisor) ; Rybák, David (referee)
The aim of this thesis is the study of the topic of thinking in the works of Martin Heidegger as one of the possibilities which is one's innermost capability and which is not a mere tool for discovering, but belongs to the way of one's being. Thinking is being mindful of that which is worth remembering and which in itself opens the possibility of encountering the world and one's own self in its original clarity. Through thinking of closeness, the thesis gets to Heidegger's concept of the fourfold and enowning of the world into things and continues with the topic of mortality of one's own Dasein. The thesis then thematises Heidegger's thinking of Greek ALETHEIA as a clearing for showing of a being, which has in its own self remained unthought in the history of philosophy and in which Heidegger sees the role of thinking in the times of completion of the metaphysics. In the interpretation of language, it reveals how language is given to humans, or rather humans are given to language and how language is the house of being and how it essentially constitutes thinking. Alongside language, poesy is examined, in which language speaks as language and where language is shown as the harmony of silence. Poesy is then approached as acquiring measure and Heidegger's interpretation of the nature of human's housing...
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Regional differentiation of mortality from the most important diseases of the circulatory system in Czechia
Tvrz, Michal ; Burcin, Boris (advisor) ; Maláková, Kateřina (referee)
Regional differentiation of mortality from the most important diseases of the circulatory system in Czechia Abstract The objective of this thesis is to describe and evaluate, for Czechia at both the national and regional level and in the time frame of 1997-2017, the main developmental trends in male and female mortality from the diseases of the circulatory system as a whole and its most important individual diagnoses. The results of the analysis confirmed that the diseases of the circulatory system were the most common cause of death for men and women both at the national and regional levels throughout the period under review. Nevertheless, there was a significant reduction of mortality rates for the diseases in question in both sexes, especially in the case of ischaemic heart diseases, cerebrovascular diseases and atherosclerosis. In contrast, mortality from hypertensive diseases and other forms of heart disease increased in both sexes. Mortality from cardiovascular diseases in districts largely followed the trends from the national level. For the selected causes of death, the patterns of the regional distribution of the values of the standardized mortality rates were (during the observed years) largely similar for both sexes. Overall, mortality rate for the group of cardiovascular diseases decreased in...
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International comparative analysis of suicide mortality
Barešová, Tereza ; Burcin, Boris (advisor) ; Ženíšková, Aneta (referee)
International comparative analysis of suicide mortality Abstract The purpose of this bachelor thesis is to analyze the development of suicide mortality in international context between 2000-2015. At the beginning, the thesis resumes historical development of research into this cause of death and scientific approaches by which can be suicide examined. It then describes the main risk factors of suicide and identifies the most vulnerable groups of people. The available data are research mainly through standardized suicide mortality rates in total and in selected age groups. This thesis analyzes suicide in 47 countries (36 European, 7 Asian, 1 African and Canada, Australia and New Zealand). It has been found that eastern European countries have the highest suicide mortality rates. At the same time, these countries recorded the most significant decline in these rates between 2000-2015. In the long term, the lowest suicide rates are characterized by the countries of southern Europe. The hypothesis of male mortality excess was confirmed in all analyzed countries. This thesis also confirmed the assumption that the intensity of suicide mortality rate increases in direct proportion to age in all analyzed countries (except for Finnish, Norwegian, Canadian and Australian women). Keywords: mortality, suicidal tendency,...
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