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Indicative and Subjunctive in Concessive Clauses in Spanish (with the conjunction aunque)
HOJEK, Martin
The bachelor thesis investigates the use of indicative and subjunctive in Spanish concessive clauses (with the conjunction aunque). The essence of the thesis is a statistical analysis of the text samples. The theoretical part elaborated on the base of Czech and foreign specialized literature is followed by the analysis itself. The analysis was disposed by the medium of corpus CREA (Reference corpus of current Spanish made by the Spanish Royal Academy).
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Competition between the indicative and subjunctive following verba opinandi in pre-classical and classical French
Lipská, Karolína ; Nádvorníková, Olga (advisor) ; Nováková, Sylva (referee)
The Bachelor thesis deals with the development in the usage of verb modes following verba opinandi in pre-classical and classical French. An evident change in complementation of these verbs had taken place in the 17th century, namely a decrease of the subjunctive to the benefit of the indicative which became a norm in an affirmative sentence in the end of the century. The theoretical part describes this development through information in old and historical grammars. In the practical part the aim is to verify this information on authentic texts in FRANTEXT, a set of French diachronic corpora. This research enabled to create statistics, specify the theoretical information and find a turning point in the development. It also showed distinctions in the indicative/subjunctive ratio between different sentence types.
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Spanish Exclamative Clauses Expressing Will (with Reference to Czech and Slovak)
Výrosteková, Dominika ; Kratochvílová, Dana (advisor) ; Čermák, Petr (referee)
The purpose of this thesis is to investigate simple Spanish clauses expressing implied will. They represent the way of how we can express our wish or desire without referring us to any addressee. This work consists of two parts, theoretical and modal. The first part is dedicated to the enlightenment of the term of verbal mode. This is considered to be important because these types of clauses are associated with a specific verbal mode, known as subjunctive. We will describe the use of subjunctive in simple clauses in more detail, but without neglecting its alternation with the indicative mode and the issue of an imperative mode, which consists in different approach to the meaning of the verbal mode in Spanish linguistic tradition. The second section of the chapter will then be dedicated to the modality, where we clarify the term and apply it on Spanish language. We will define specific expressions and paradigms that will be dealt with in the practical section. It will consist of a few corpuses analyzes in four different linguistic corpuses, namely InterCorp, Araneum Hispanicum Maius, CORPES XXI and CREA. KEY WORDS subjunctive, modality, wish clauses, Spanish, hable, hablara, deontic modality
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Spanish verb grammatical constructions where the verb changes its meaning depending on the choice of mood in the subordinate clause
Vokatá, Barbora ; Kratochvílová, Dana (advisor) ; Čermák, Petr (referee)
The present work deals with the spanish grammatical constructions with the verbs that admit both the verb in the indicative and the subjunctive in the subordinate clause and whose meaning varies depending on the selected mood in the subordinate clause. The subject of our research are the verbs insistir (en), decir, temer, temerse, sentir, esperar, hacer and parecer. By the parallel language corpus InterCorp we analyse what are the trends in the use of the above verbs in the indicative and subjunctive and we study the influence of this modal opposition how it is reflected in the czech translation. Keywords: mood, modality, subjunctive, indicative, change of meaning
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The subjunctive in Contemporary French and Its Application in Didactics
Havelková, Jana ; Loucká, Hana (advisor) ; Nádvorníková, Olga (referee)
Whereas in Czech there are three verb moods, in French a fourth one is to be found, being defined as the "subjunctive mood". The subjunctive does not exist in Czech which often makes it hard to handle by students as well as teachers. The main aim of the thesis is to map the ways of presenting the French subjunctive verb mood in selected grammar handbooks intended for students and teachers of French and outline the different approaches to describing its parameters. Subsequently, the second objective here is to analyse the methods of presenting the subjunctive in selected textbooks and workbooks used when teaching French at Czech schools. The thesis is divided in three parts. In the initial one, the different approach to presenting the subjunctive in the referential grammar book of P. Charaudeaua - Grammaire du sens et de l'expression is analysed together with the ones applied in the FLE grammar books by G. D. de Salins - Grammaire pour l'enseignement/apprentissage de FLE, M. Callamand - Grammatique vivante du français and in the slightly different grammar book by A. Monnerie-Goarin - Le français au présent. To be able to meet the target of the analysis and find out how a verb mood of a typologically different language is presented to an exclusively Czech audience, the Czech-written grammar book of...
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Spanish Modality from the Point of View of Relationships among Modal Meanings
Kratochvílová, Dana ; Čermák, Petr (advisor) ; Zavadil, Bohumil (referee) ; Aurová, Miroslava (referee)
Dana Kratochvílová Spanish Modality from the Point of View of Relationships among Modal Meanings (dissertation) Abstract: The present work deals with the so-called grey areas that can be found within the Spanish modal system. In these areas, two different types of modality (modal meanings) can occur. We study the relationship that can be found between potentiality and reality, potentiality and evaluation, evaluation and volition, volition and question, question and potentiality, potentiality and volition. We analyse the different types of interaction between modal meanings inside the Spanish modality and study the consequences of those interactions. Keywords: modality, mood, Spanish, subjunctive
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The category of mood in nominal clauses in contemporary Spanish
Tomeš, Jan ; Čermák, Petr (advisor) ; Kratochvílová, Dana (referee)
KEY WORDS subjunctive, nominal clauses, Spanish, Czech, norm, usage ! ABSTRACT Many works and studies have been dedicated to the usage of indicative and subjuntive in Spanish. It still remains a wildly discussed topic, however, since it is interlocutor's attitude which makes the usage often differ from the codified norm. This paper focuses on the usage of indicative and/or subjuntive in nominal clauses with verbs entender, comprender, admitir, aceptar, explicar, sospechar, imaginar(se), figurarse, suponer and quejarse in the main clause. The norm, explained in the theoretical part of this work, is later confronted with the analysis of selected occurences in CRAE, i.e. the usage. Second analysis executed with paralel corpus InterCorp servers as comparison with the situation in Czech.
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The use of mood in concessive clauses in modern Spanish
Tomková, Veronika ; Čermák, Petr (advisor) ; Kratochvílová, Dana (referee)
Concessive sentences in Spanish are associated with different moods depending on the degree of certainty with respect to the speaker's testimony. Frequent types of the concessive sentences are those with the conjunction aunque and structures introduced by the preposition por. Individual types have the same general rules for the choice of indicative and subjunctive mood, but both types have different use of these moods. In this paper we first follow the standard rules of the choice of moods in the concessive sentences and then they are compared with the Spanish linguistic corpus CREA and with the parallel Spanish-Czech corpus InterCorp.
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Errors in the use of conjunctive in subordinate clauses in present-day Italian
Bucci, Anna-Marie ; Štichauer, Pavel (advisor) ; Špaček, Jiří (referee)
The theme of this bachelor thesis is the subjunctive and its erroneous uses in contemporary Italian. The thesis initially presents the mood in connection to other verbal cathegories. It moreover introduces modality, since the subjunctive often serves as a means of expression of this cathegory. The thesis then presents a survey of the recent approaches to the subjunctive in contemporary Italian and the different opinions regarding its function. To conclude the theoretical section of the thesis presents an overview of the morfological norms and of the use of subjunctive in contemporary Italian. In the following section the thesis examines the erroneous uses of the subjunctive, drawing from the corpus of spoken Italian Lessico di frequenzadell'italianoparlato and the web corpus tWaC.The mistakes are classified into three groups- incorrectly formed irregular verb forms, the replacement of the subjunctive by the indicative and the misapplication of the rules of the sequence of tenses. The thesis tries to present a motivation for the occurence of the individual types of mistakes. Keywords Subjunctive; error; verbal mood; corpus; modality; contemporary Italian.
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