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Analysis of usury legislation
Červenková, Tereza ; Lechner, Tomáš (advisor) ; Jurčík, Radek (referee)
The project analyzes current legislation on usury in the Czech Republic and the financial literacy of the adult population. On 1 Dec. 2016, an amended Act on Consumer Loans entered into force and this project examines it. The project compares Czech legislation on usury with selected European Union countries. Czech legislation is similar with German and Portugal legislation, especially in terms of civil law. The most effective legislation can be considered in Spain, which explicitly stipulates allowed interest rate limits. Based on that, Czech legislation on usury should be adjusted. The research results show a correlation between respondents' highest-achieved level of education and their financial literacy levels. The research also finds that the number of court distraints (property seizures) and the willingness to borrow money is lower among respondents with university-level education than for respondents with secondary and basic school education. When comparing our findings with research by STEM/MARK dating from 2010, it is clear that the financial literacy of the adult population in the Czech Republic has not changed significantly since that time.
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The Act Of Civil Service from the aspect of related legislation
Horová, Jana ; Matula, Miloš (advisor) ; Louda, Tomáš (referee)
The master thesis analyzes the Act No. 234/2014 Coll., On Civil Service, from the aspect of related legislation, Act No. 312/2002 Coll., On Public Officials of the Local Self-Government Units. When the Law On the Civil Service came into force, at the beginning of last year, two categories of officials were created. On the one side there are civil servants who are in service of the Czech Republic, on the other side there are officials who are employed by local self-government units. The analysis is focused on five areas, where it is possible to compare the method of legislation under both laws. After review of these selected areas, the application problems of the civil service are identified. At the end of the thesis, there are legislative proposals for changes that are inspired by relevant legislation.
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The Conception of constitutional referendum in selected countries of the European Union
Radicsová, Alena ; Kuba, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Lechner, Tomáš (referee)
The main topic of my dissertation is a referendum as an instrument of direct democracy. Czech Republic is one of the latest country to have joined the European Union, whose constitutional system does not have modification of a nationwide referendum. The aim of this work was to evaluate the approach and the content of government's draft of the constitutional law for the nationwide referendum presented as a Parliamentary Document No. 559, in comparison with its regulation in selected European countries. The author establishes several basic criteria which are mainly concluded through analysis and comparison. The results indicate we cannot expect any significant step forward in terms of civil participation and qualitative democratic progress in proposals describe above.
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Occupational relations with a foreign subject
Bruzková, Nela ; Soušková, Milena (advisor) ; Marková, Hana (referee)
The Master s thesis presents and summarizes problematic areas of the Czech legislation related to the occupational relations with a foreign subject. Essential literature used for this purpose were Employment of foreigners and sending employees and self-employed abroad. 2nd update. ed. written by P. Boušková and International employment, posting and hiring workers, 1st edition, written by L. Rytířová and J. Teperové. However it was necessary to draw on bilateral agreements and legislation, both Czech and international. The content has been structured into five main chapters, the first one is devoted to the legal regulation of occupational relations with a foreign subject, the second chapter contains analysis of labor migration and its problems. The third and fourth delineated a structure of employment and social security. Final chapter is devoted to the migration of Czech citizens abroad. The various major chapters have been divided into subchapters which followed the different parts of the main topic in detail.
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New Approaches in Numerical Aeroelasticity Applied in Aerodynamic Optimization of Elastic Wing
Navrátil, Jan ; Slavík, Svatomír (referee) ; Komárek,, Martin (referee) ; Hlinka, Jiří (advisor)
Aeroelasticita je nezbytná vědní disciplína zahrnuta do návrhu letounů. Zaměřuje se na předpovídání jevů, které vznikají vlivem interakce aerodynamických, elastických a setrvačných sil. Tyto jevy často vedou ke katastrofickým následkům, proto musí být prokázáno, že nevzniknou v rozsahu rychlostí ohraničujících letovou obálku. Aplikace moderních materiálů při konstrukci draku, spolu se snahou navrhnout aerodynamicky efektivní tvar křídel, vede ke zvyšování poddajnosti letounů. To má za následek změnu aerodynamických vlastností a také k výraznějšímu vliv na aeroelastické jevy, které mohou být vyvolány snadněji vlivem pohybů tuhého tělesa než v případě tužších konstrukcí. Aeroelastické jevy mohou vznikat v širokém rozsahu rychlostí zahrnujícím i transsonickou oblast. V této oblasti je ovlivněna zejména rychlost, při níž dochází k třepetání, a to vlivem nelineárních jevů v proudu. Běžné nástroje, které jsou založeny na lineárních teoriích, nejsou schopny tyto nelineární jevy popsat. Cílem práce je proto navrhnout, implementovat a otestovat nástroj pro výpočetní (numerickou) simulaci aeroelasticity. Nástroj má využívat řešič proudového pole, který je schopen předpovědět nelineární jevy. V práci je kladen důraz na simulaci statické aeroelasticity. V práci jsou popsány metody, které je nutno zahrnout do numerické simulace statické aeroelasticity. Dále je popsán vlastní nástroj a je provedeno zhodnocení konvergence statických aeroelastických výpočtů. Funkčnost nástroje byla ověřena na příkladech, kdy byly použity různé aerodynamické a strukturální modely. Nástroj byl také aplikován při aerodynamické tvarové optimalizaci poddajného křídla. Výsledky optimalizace a její výpočetní náročnost byly porovnány s případem optimalizace tuhého křídla. Na závěr je v práci prezentován příspěvek autora do výzkumu zaměřeného na zhodnocení vlivu časové synchronizace mezi CFD a CSM řešiči. Použitý testovací případ je transsonické obtékání křídla na začátku třepetání (flutteru). Výsledky byly srovnány s experimentálními daty poskytnutými NASA.
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ICP-OES with electrothermal vaporisation (ETV) as a possible tool for direct analysis of biologic samples
Matějková, Stanislava
Solid sampling electrothermal vaporization (ETV) inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) enable simple and rapid multielemental analysis of major, minor and trace elements without the need for pre-treatment of solid or liquid samples. By comparison with more common ICP-OES combined with a solution nebulization, the risk of contamination of analysed samples is reduced. The detection limits and the sample quantity needed for analysis via ETV-ICP-OES decrease as a result of the high-efectivity transport of the sample aerosol into the ICP torch. The connection of ETV unit to simultaneous ICP-OES allows us the fast direct and fully automatised analysis of numerous samples. The technique enable usually the combined calibration with home-made or certified solid and aqueous standards. We developed the methodology for tracking the carboran-based candidate-drugs time dependent concentration and for their pharmacokinetic evaluation. The method is based on direct boron or together boron and cobalt contents direct estimation in little amounts of fresh frozen mice tissues (5 – 10 mg of serum, brain or liver).\n
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Properties and in vitro Degradation of Metalic Biodegradable Materials
Ročňáková, Ivana ; Trojanová, Zuzanka (referee) ; Vojtěch,, Dalibor (referee) ; Podrábský, Tomáš (advisor)
Biodegradable metallic materials for medical applications have received considerable attention in recent years. The main reason is that they provide high potential for fabrication of temporal orthopedic implants such as bone fixation devices. Magnesium is an excellent candidate for fabrication of biodegradable implants due to its biocompatibility, mechanical properties similar to human bone and relevance for biological body functions. The fast degradation rate of magnesium and its biodegradable alloys in physiological environment limits its clinical application. Another attractive material in the field of biodegradable materials is zinc, which is among the essential elements in human body. Zinc exhibits an excellent corrosion resistance, and inferior biocompatibility compared to with magnesium. Hence, surface modification to form a hard, dense/porous, biocompatible and corrosion resistant modified layer has become an interesting topic in magnesium base biomaterials. Since hydroxyapatite is well tolerated by living organisms and in addition, improves the bone growth, it appears to be excellent candidate for such coatings on surface of biodegradable materials (e.g. Mg, Zn). This thesis is focused on comparison of corrosion behavior of pure non ferrous metals (Mg, Zn) and metals coated with hydroxyapatite, in simulated body fluids. The present approach is the use of modified atmospheric plasma spray technology to produce the hydroxyapatite coatings – suspension spraying. Composition and structure of the coatings and corrosion products were studied by light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive microanalyzer and X-ray diffraction. Corrosion of Mg and Zn samples was monitored by weight loss and determined by X ray and micro-tomography. The application of the HA coating resulted in decrease of corrosion rate of pure Mg. The corrosion rate of coated Mg samples was lower by 27,3 % in comparison with the corrosion rate of pure non coated Mg. Corrosion degradation of uncoated and coated Zn samples was minimal. The aplication of HA on the non ferrous surface appears to be a very promising method to improve corrosion and biological properties of these biodegradable materials.
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The presidential election campaign financing rules from the perspective of the laws of the Czech Republic
Bajt, Jiří ; Civínová, Denisa (advisor) ; Hájková, Ivana (referee)
Thesis deals with the topic of the financing of the presidential election campaign. In its first part is pointed out the position of President in the Czech Republic and the legislation his choices, both with efficiency up to 2012 (indirect election of the President), and especially with effect after 2012 (direct election of the President). The pivotal part of the submitted work examines the legislation funding the presidential election campaign, its gaps and shortcomings. It finally pointed out also from a practical perspective, when it is pointed out the violation of the legislation in this area by all candidates for the post of the President in 2013. In brief is then given an overview of the laws of certain European countries. Some of them may be the model for the Czech legislature, with regard to the amendments to the existing legislation. Indeed, this also means that the last chapter of custom text to be submitted to the work where the author documented criticism of the existing legislation, the financing of presidential election campaigns and proposals de lege ferenda.
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Intellectual property protection by Customs
Drahoňovský, Tomáš ; Uhlík, Milan (advisor) ; Tomáš, Tomáš (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to detect the causes, extent and means of breaching the intellectual property rights, including its negative consequences from the point of supervisory activities of the Customs Administration of the Czech Republic. Also to suggest possible measures to enhance the service and to eliminate any imperfections in the legislative, its abidance or in organization and work management if found. The thesis is divided into two parts theoretical and practical. The theoretical part contains, according to the author, the most important international treaties, conventions and agreements, as well as the European Union law and the national legislation. In the practical part the author states his opinion on the legislation concerning the protection of intellectual property rights, brief classification of the intellectual property rights and it introduces the controlling authority including the Customs Administration of the Czech Republic and its procedures towards the goods that breaches the intellectual property. Furthermore, it presents the statistic data concerning the seized goods. The thesis states the penalties for breaching the intellectual property rights, for both the administrative delicts and criminal offences. It also contains a questionnaire carried out within the Customs Administration of the Czech Republic which purpose was to find out their opinion on the legislation, organization and work management in the field of intellectual property. The results are analysed in the conclusion of the thesis and it presents the imperfections in the areas stated above. The author suggests suitable adjustments to eliminate these imperfections according to his best judgement even though he is not a lawyer. Finally the author reviews the issues mentioned throughout the whole thesis and summarizes the aim of the thesis.
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Daně z příjmů v účetnictví
Dlouhá, Veronika ; Koubová, Libuše (advisor) ; Nováčková, Zdenka (referee)
Diplomová práce shrnuje právní úpravu účetnictví a daní z příjmů právnických osob v České republice. Blíže specifikuje daňově uznatelné a neuznatelné náklady. Upozorňuje na nutné úpravy výsledku hospodaření zjištěného z účetnictví, které je třeba provést pro stanovení základu daně dle zákona o daních z příjmů a následné vypočtení splatné daně z příjmů právnických osob. Obsahuje metody výpočtu a účtování odložené daně. Diplomová práce hodnotí výhody a nevýhody provázanosti účetního a daňového systému.
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