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Does consciousness exhaust the nature of thought? The meaning of Descartes's term "cogitare"
Sedláková, Jana ; Palkoska, Jan (advisor) ; Švec, Ondřej (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to deal with the problems which arise from interpretations of Descartes' term "cogitare". It concentrates on the deconstruction of the orthodox interpretations which explain the term "cogitare" as "to be conscious". The thesis aims at introducing three alternative interpretations from Czech academic environment, the one of James Hill, of Petr Glombíček, and of Tomáš Marvan. I would like to refer to the problems of orthodox reading as well as to benefits and losses of the other interpretations. I will proceed through analysis of sensory perceptions, emotions and dream. The purpose of the thesis is not to find the definite meaning of "cogitare", but to make the readers familiar with these problems and their interpretations which I find more plausible than the orthodox interpretation. The term "consciousness" is a complex term which needs to be explained in order to be capable of explaining other philosophical problems. Keywords: Descartes, thinking, consciousness, sensory perceptions, emotions, dream, self-reflection, judgment, propositional content
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Analogy of social information systems and information systems of living organisms in selected texts
Fišer, Jiří ; Fonferová, Ľudmila (advisor) ; Slámová, Hana (referee)
In the first half, the work is about human society information systems. It tries to find an origin of the information in the society, describes forms of the information and tries to explain causes for communication. Later it describes main attributes of the system itself. From mentioned facts the work then figures out an idea about new division of information systems based on the purpouse of a system. The next part concerns information structures present in the body of plants and plant neurobilology. Then the work question the relationship between the information science and the cognitive science. Later the woork tries to work out some global charakteristics of plant information structures. In the last part work discuss the basic funcions of the human brain and late discoveries in glia cells field. Conclussion of the whole work follows. Keywords *information system *information communication *living organisms *plant neurobiology *consciousness *glia *analogies
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The Problem of Self-consciousness in Fichte's Philosophy. Study in Pragmatic History of the Human Mind
Vrabec, Martin ; Karásek, Jindřich (advisor) ; Sobotka, Milan (referee) ; Kuneš, Jan (referee)
Submitted essay is an inquiry into J. G. Fichte's early philosophy focused particularly on Foundation of the Entire Wissenschaftslehre as a central work of his early period. Interpretation is based on assumption that its principal aim consists in manifestation of the way leading to emergence of our commonsense and ordinary understanding with reference to both world and ourselves. This approach carries Fichte's affilation with tendency inherent to transcendental philosophy of his era not only in its search for the origin of empirical knowledge, but for the origin of aprioristic structures of our experience especially. His transcendentally laden search manifests itself as so called "pragmatic history of the human mind", the principal object of our inquiry. Here we can find an attempt to reconstruct just transcendental, but not "real", temporally sequential, genesis of our mind from original state of feeling to our common representation both about independently existing things and ourselves as free cognizing subjects. Application of this philosophical method allows him to genetically derive and justify basic forms of our experience and its aprioristic components like space, time, substantiality or causality. The first part of essay introduces fundamental principles of Fichte's philosophical system and...
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Integrity Being
Křečanová, Alena ; Soukup, Martin (advisor) ; Balcerová, Michaela (referee)
This theoretical study attempts to reflect the general problematic of modern society in complexity, the gradual constitution and development of estranged being as well as the contemporary effort to interconnect being as an integral whole. The study also contains an analysis of altered states of consciousness, which are understood as a certain means to view the world as integrated. We use the notion of consciousness to define the altered states of consciousness. The structure of the thesis is divided into five chapters. While the first chapter is focused on description and analysis of alienation and other negative aspects of modern society, the second chapter is based on this reflection of the crisis of western society. Its subject is the work of several scientists who contribute by their works to a qualitative change of the mechanistic and materialistic conception of the world and who promote holistic approach to reality. The key topic of the third chapter is phenomenon of consciousness and interdisciplinary theories of consciousness. We deal also with the qualitative altered states of consciousness, that offer some potential. The fourth chapter concentrates on the history and methods of research of altered states of consciousness and delineates their basic characteristic and their functions. The...
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Concepts of Space in Victorian Novels
Sukdolová, Alice ; Procházka, Martin (advisor) ; Potočňáková, Magdaléna (referee) ; Vránková, Kamila (referee)
The dissertation focuses on two general categories of defining space: on space expression according to the expressive approach to aesthetics and, secondly, on space representation based on the mimetic aesthetics. The exploration of the surface structure of space employs the philosophical categories of smooth and striated space, formulated by Deleuze and Guattari in their Treatise on Nomadology, while the depths of the inner spaces, including the spaces of the human mind, are treated within the framework of Gaston Bachelard's phenomenology, stressing the importance of the symbolic meanings hidden in the unconscious. The primary texts in which the concept of space is explored range from the Brontë sisters' novels (Wuthering Heights, Jane Eyre) to Thomas Hardy's Wessex novels, and further on to the last novel of George Eliot, Daniel Deronda. Attention is given to the role of natural elements constituting space, with emphasis on the element of water.
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Consciousness and unconsciousness. Theoretical analysis
Skála, Pavel ; Kebza, Vladimír (advisor) ; Uhlář, Pavel (referee)
This theoretical study is looking into consciousness, unconsciousness and concepts that are associated with it. It also goes back to the historical approach to these two terms, yet it points out the terminological obstacles that are inseparably connected with them. Both constructs are being discussed from an integrated perspective therefore neither mapping of the neurobiology of consciousness nor the summary of the major approaches to the philosophical mind-body problem, is left out of consideration. The unconsciousness research methods are divided according to the predominant focus into experimental and clinical. The study also covers an analysis as well as a review of significant theoretical approaches to consciousness and unconsciousness. These theoretical concepts were classified based on distinction of relevant scientific disciplines that are used to describe the problems in question. Neurobiological, psychological and philosophical theories were later categorized according to this method. The final conclusion brings a complex overview of these topics previously dealt with in the study. It attempts to integrate the findings into a comprehensive framework and to deal with some general issues that indicate possibilities and limits of the theoretical and practical research into both phenomena....
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Student sleeping patterns and the peculiarities and problems associated with them.
KRAMPLOVÁ, Monika
The presented thesis is focused on the topic "Sleep of students and peculiarities or problems associated with it." The work is focused on sleep patterns of adolescents. It is divided into two main parts. The first part is dealt with the theoretical basis of the issue - basic concepts are explained there and the sleep is described there in the psychological and physiological points of view. The attention is paid to the period of adolescence, including possible mental problems of adolescents and the role of the pupil at school. In the second (practical) part the methodology of the research is described there. As a research tool a standard questionnaire was chosen for it. The information obtained from this survey was used to draw conclusions and results were described and interpreted. The bachelor thesis will be provided to school leadership, where a research was carried out and can also serve as an information source.
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"Distant worlds"
ČEŠKOVÁ, Martina
This work discusses about worlds of art of indigenous peoples. Through the knowledges of cultural antropology sees creative expression more as a social process. Monitors its role within society and major influences acting on culture its inhabitans. Practical part presents graphics and drawings representing views on everyday reality, which allow to better realize its diversity.
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