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Use of Chiral Separations for the Determination of Enzyme Enantioselectivity
Břicháč, Jiří
Use of Chiral Separations for the Determination of Enzyme Enantioselectivity Jiří Břicháč Enantioselectivity is the ability of chiral environment to distinguish between two enantiomers. Enantioselective enzyme prefers one enantiomer as a substrate or preferentially forms one enantiomer over the other in an enzymatic reaction. Enantioselective enzymes are very useful biocatalyzators allowing cheap preparation of optically pure chemicals. In this work, we determined enantioselectivity of novel microbial epoxide hydrolases. Enantiopure epoxides prepared by an enzyme kinetic resolution of racemates can serve as valuable building blocks in an organic synthesis. In order to measure the enantioselectivity, we developed methods for analyses of various chiral epoxides using a chiral GC on cyclodextrine-based stationary phases. We showed, that epoxide hydrolase from Aspergillus niger M200 reacts with tert-butyl glycidyl ether in enantioselective manner.1 In the second part of this thesis, we elucidated the basis of enantioselective oxidation of trans-4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE) by brain mitochondria.2 HNE is a cytotoxic product of lipid peroxidation involved in numerous diseases, including Alzheimer's disease. Here, we described enzyme kinetics of HNE enantiomers detoxification to trans-4- hydroxy-2-nonenoic acid...
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Functionalization of gold nanoparticles for imaging
Jakubechová, Jana ; Pekárková, Jana (referee) ; Drbohlavová, Jana (advisor)
The diploma thesis deals with synthesis of gold nanoparticles and their surface functionalization suitable for in vitro imaging. In this view there are requirements for optical properties such as stability, monodispersity and no presence of cytotocxicity. In order to fulfill these demands the synthesis by Turkevich method with surface modification by glutathione and polytethylenglycol was performed. Analytical methods such as DLS, SEM and Zeta potential measurement were utilized to characterize the physical and chemical properties of synthesized gold nanoparticles. Finally, MTT assay was performed to evaluate toxicity of gold nanoparticles using HEK 293 cell line.
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Study of Enantioseparation of Selected Substituted Binaphthyls
Loukotková, Lucie ; Bosáková, Zuzana (advisor) ; Feltl, Ladislav (referee) ; Flieger, Miroslav (referee)
8 1 INTRODUCTION Over the last two decades, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) has become one of the most common techniques in chiral separations. HPLC has also been successfully employed for determination of the optical purity of newly synthesized organic compounds. Asymmetric synthesis is a direct way of synthesis of enantiomers that uses suitable optically pure ligands acting as catalysts. The chiral ligands in asymmetric reactions must have stable configurations (they must be resistant towards racemization) and a high optical purity is required. Binaphthyl derivatives have been extensively used to control many asymmetric processes and have demonstrated outstanding chiral discrimination properties, due to their unique properties derived from their rigidity and spatial arrangement. Most of 1,1'- binaphthyl molecules are C2 symmetric with two identical naphthyl units often substituted in the 2,2'-positions. Chirality of these compounds is caused by restricted rotation of atoms or groups of atoms around the single bond on the binaphthyl skeleton (axial chirality, atropisomerism). Increased hindrance to rotation at the pivotal 1,1'- bond makes these molecules potential candidates for enantioseparation [1]. The best representatives of the binaphthyl group are 2,2'-dihydroxy-1,1'-binaphthyl...
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Synthesis of quantum dots for in-vivo imaging
Ferdusová, Helena ; Majzlíková, Petra (referee) ; Pekárková, Jana (advisor)
The aim of this work was to synthesise water-soluble QDs using different precursors and stabilizers and to determine the toxicity of the synthesized QDs by in vivo imaging. Experiments were performed on water-soluble QDs (MPA-CdTe, MPA-CdTe/ZnS, MSA-CdTe, MSA-CdTe/ZnS, GSH-CdTe, GSH-CdTe/ZnS, TGA-CdTe, TGA-CdTe/ZnS, GSH-ZnSe and GSH-ZnSe/ZnS ) and toxicity was measured. Synthesized QDs were characterized by high intensity (fluorescence spectroscopy), FWHM and zeta potential (ZS Zetasizer) were selected due to their suitability for this task. The toxicity of QDs was determined by the MTT assay on the cell line HEK 293. The experiments show that a core/shell structure is less toxic than a core structure. The results indicate that the toxicity of our synthesized QDs is the lowest for MPA-CdTe (core structure) and MPA-CdTe/ZnS (core/shell structure).
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Plasmachemical synthesis of borides, carbides and nitrides of transition metals
Brožek, Vlastimil ; Ctibor, Pavel
For technical practice the most important are up to now borides of titanium and zirconium, carbides of boron, calcium, silicium, titanium, zirconium, hafnium, aluminum and chromium. Nitrides of boron, silicium and titanium. Besides of tungssten carbide, any of the mentioned compounds is proced presently in the Czech Republic, however the know-how and suitable conditions are existing. The contribution describes possibilities of the processing of the mentioned materials to functional layers or thin-walled shaped parts by plasmachemical methods.
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Application of mica based pigments
Štengl, Václav ; Kalendová, A. ; Trojan, M.
Properties of sandwich pigments based on mica coated with metal oxide layers are described. Various mica types were characterized and used for pilot plant scale synthesis of pigments. Paints containing this kind of pigments were formulated and tested anticorrosive coatings. Synthesis and characterization of some thermally stable pigments based on mixed metal oxides is also described.
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Analysis of the Municipal Budget of selected Cities
Mach, Petr ; Votava, Libor (advisor) ; Zhorný, Leoš (referee)
The thesis aims to answer the question whether the budgets of Kamenice nad Lipou and Pelhřimov in the years 2011 - 2015 correspond with objectives and needs of these cities and the differences in the structure of the individual budgets are caused by the different objectives that are determined by municipal policy. The specific goal is to evaluate the financial stability and indebtedness in regard to appointed goals. The analysis, synthesis and subsequent comparison of budgets, final accounts and the available data and informations about cities Kamenice nad Lipou and Pelhřimov in years 2011-2015 was conducted. Based on these methods the hypothesis was confirmed that the municipality budgets of Kamenice nad Lipou and Pelhřimov in years 2011-2015 correspond with the objectives set out in planning documents and with the needs of citizens. In fulfilling these appointed objectives cities not risk hazardous indebtedness and bad economic situation. It was further verified that the structure of the municipal budget Kamenice nad Lipou and Pelhřimov in years 2011-2015 differs in regard to the appointed municipalities objectives.
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A Qualitative Study of Strategy Creation in a Sports Organization
Hunal, Martin ; Tripes, Stanislav (advisor) ; Král, Pavel (referee)
The master's thesis deals with the issue of the strategy-making process and the development of the strategic planning cycle in sports organizations. The purpose of this thesis is to provide a qualitative study of how managers of the hockeyball club SK Suchdol nad Lužnicí are working with the strategy within the whole strategic planning cycle. The aim of this thesis is to point out the differences between theory and practice and to offer some recommendations for the improvement of the efficiency of the strategy-making process in the above mentioned club. The theoretical part of this thesis is concerned with the research and the synthesis of the contemporary Czech and foreign literature related to the strategy, strategic planning cycle and its perception in the sports environment. The practical part of this thesis deals with the analysis of the strategy-making process in the hockeyball club SK Suchdol nad Lužnicí. This analysis is executed by the qualitative method, i. e. by personal interviews with the individual members of the club, who are participating in the strategy-making process and working within the strategic planning cycle. To conclude this thesis, specific outputs are generated, which are based on a comparison of the obtained information with the theory. These outputs can serve as recommendations for the improvement of the efficiency of the strategy-making process, both for managers of the analysed sports club, as well as for other executives and managers of similar sports organizations.
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Definition of rural areas: approaches, methods and application to the territory of South Bohemia
NOVÁKOVÁ, Eva
The presented bachelor thesis deals with defining of urban and rural landscape areas. The main aim of the thesis is the application of three different methods of defining countryside residencies in the territory of South Bohemia from the perspective of the population size of municipalities, population density and commuting principle and also synthesis of the aforementioned approaches. The practical part is preceded by three chapters describing the theoretical foundations of the issue of rural landscape defining and providing South Bohemia characteristics. The final two chapters are focused on methodology, data processing and results analysis.
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