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The Long-term Natural Corrosion of Uranium Coloured Glasses
Procházka, Radek ; Goliáš, Viktor (advisor) ; Zeman, Josef (referee) ; Helebrant, Aleš (referee)
klíčová slova: koroze skla, zvětrávání skla, přírodní alterace skla, přírodní analog, uran, experimentální loužení Historická skla barvená uranem byla vyráběna v řadě českých skláren přibližně mezi lety 1830 a 1945. Obsah uranu v těchto sklech se pohybuje v řádu desetin procenta. Materiál představuje vhodný analog tzv. nukleárních skel sloužících k imobilizaci radioaktivního odpadu. Vzhledem ke složitosti procesů předpokládaných v podzemním úložišti v době kdy se odpadní skla dostanou do kontaktu s vodou má materiál velkou vypovídací hodnotu pro posouzení dlouhodobé stability skla v přírodních podmínkách se zaměřením na chování uranu. V předložené práci jsou studovány změny historických uranem barvených skel vystavených až 150 let působení přírodních roztoků v exogenních podmínkách. Během této doby došlo na povrchu vzorků ke korozi. U draselných skel bylo při povrchu zjištěno preferenční vyloužení alkálií a vznik hydratované difúzní zóny o mocnosti až 0,6 mm. V této korodované části bylo pozorováno srážení novotvořeného kalcitu (CaCO3) patrně v důsledku zvýšeného pH. Oproti původnímu sklu byla ve vyloužené zóně potvrzena stabilní, v některých případech zvýšená koncentrace uranu. Ačkoli došlo k vyloužení až 17,5 % K2O a nahrazení prakticky veškerého draslíku ionty H3O+ z roztoku, uran zůstal ve...
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Concept of species in bears (Ursidae): practical, historical, and theoretical viewpoint
Wagner, Jan ; Fejfar, Oldřich (advisor) ; Sabol, Martin (referee) ; Musil, Rudolf (referee)
The present thesis surveys topic of taxonomic diversity and phylogeny of bears (Mammalia, Ursidae) and aspects of its contextual setting under effects of changing conceptual and methodological viewpoints. This problem is studied from several perspectives. The historical perspective is represented by a critical overview of the history of specific and infraspecific classification of bears with special respect to mutual influences of this classification and theoretical concepts of species accepted in particular periods. The perspective of material approach is exemplified by a material-based study of taxonomical and phyletic status of selected Pliocene to Middle Pleistocene ursine taxa. Along with deconstruction of some traditional hypotheses this produced a model explaining species diversification in ursine bears and its discussion in terms of factual relevance of included background concepts. In the pre-evolutionary period the bear species were usually understood broadly, as incipient immanent entities, yet exhibiting obvious certain infraspecific variability. This was established using definitions of varieties (mostly not identifiable with present subspecies or infraspecific taxa) considered as unstable modes of particular species. Although, in the post-Darwinian period, the concept and taxonomic...
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Využití lišejníků-možnosti využití Evropské metodiky pro mapování epifytických lišejníků
Svoboda, David ; Váňa, Jiří (advisor) ; Scheidegger, Christoph (referee) ; Bérešová, Anna (referee)
Lichen uses - potentials of the European Guideline for mapping lichen diversity David Svoboda My projects had one common feature, namely the application of the European Guideline for mapping lichen diversity as an indicator of environmental stress (Asta et al. 2002). This methodology was developed in an effort to make a standardised protocol for European screening of epiphytic lichens for various purposes. The dissertation is focused on selected topics and the main objectives can be summarised as follows: 1) To evaluate the potential of the LDV method for determination of general air pollution, and the possibility of applying the new methodology in the Czech Republic. 2) To compare results given by the LDV method and the older qualitative method by Hawksworth and Rose (1970). 3) To determine the principal factors influencing the epiphytic lichen distribution in Central European oak forests, and to elucidate possible correlations among natural and human caused environmental factors in a large scale study. 4) To investigate the epiphytic lichens living in temperate oak forests, their features and possible lichenological differentiations; to determine indicative species for old growth forests and natural woodlands under different climatic conditions and human influence in the Central Europe. 5) To determine...
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Climate Skepticism in the Czech Republic: Countermovement and Its Strategies
Vidomus, Petr ; Loužek, Marek (advisor) ; Strmiska, Maxmilián (referee) ; Vráblíková, Kateřina (referee)
The climate change skepticism has been becoming a more and more distinct and apparently increasing social phenomenon. To date, western scholars have described the different forms it can take and the factors supporting its increase. In the recent years, we've been observing some signs of a similar trend in the Czech Republic because the number of people who find the anthropogenic climate changes significant has been decreasing and the proportion of the "skeptic population" has been growing. Although in the first part of this paper I present an overview of data concerning the "public climate change skepticism" (available poll data), its primary focus is on the research of activities carried out by individuals and groups that relativize the importance of climate changes constantly, publically and in a more or less organized manner. In such case we can talk about a certain form of a countermovement against the environmentalism and the mainstream climatology. This paper draws mainly from a qualitative study conducted between 2011 and 2014 by means of semi-structured interviews with active Czech climate change skeptics. The goal of the study was to describe the strategies of climate change skeptics actions in the changing political and discursive environment, the forms of their organization and the...
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Determination of spontaneus abortions - the role of Apo E gene polymorphism, importance of selected congenital thrombophilias and thyroid function during the pregnancy
Kašparová, Dita ; Fait, Tomáš (advisor) ; Procházka, Martin (referee) ; Límanová, Zdeňka (referee)
Introduction: Spontaneous abortion (SA) is the most common complication in pregnancy. The aim of the study was to investigate the causality of selected genetic factors - Apolipoprotein E (Apo E) gene polymorphisms, factor V Leiden (FVL), Prothrombin (PT G20210A) and nongenetics factors - Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (fT4), antibodies against thyroid peroxidase (a-TPO) in the role of early SA. Materials and methods: For genotyping of APO E polymorphism was used PCR-RFLP. The detection of mutations in genes FV and FII was performed using by HRM. Laboratory markers of thyroid (TSH, a-TPO and fT4) were determined by an automated analyzer using chemiluminescent immunoassay. Results: APOE genotypes of investigated group of 410 samples abortioned embryonic/ fetal tissues were not significantly different from 2 606 adult controls (P = 0.653). In observed infertile group of 75 women with isolated SA was FVL detected in heterozygous constitution with a prevalence of 12 %. The prevalence of FVL in a group of women with early insulated SA was significantly higher than 76 controls (12 % vs. 2.6 %, P = 0.031). The difference of PTG20210A prevalence between women with isolated SA and controls was not significant (4 % vs. 5.3 %, P = 1). The prevalence of elevated TSH levels (higher than 2.5...
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Suzanne Renaud/ Petrkov 13
Tučková, Lucie ; Jamek, Václav (advisor) ; Voldřichová - Beránková, Eva (referee) ; Vožďová, Marie (referee)
"Suzanne Renaud/ Petrkov 13" is the first complex monograph on French poet Suzanne Renaud (1889/1964). This poet spent a great deal of her life in the native country of her husband, poet and graphic artist Bohuslav Reynek. The monograph therefore introduces Renaud's works in relation to her life in Czechoslovakia. During the poet's life, only her first book of poems, "Ta vie est là...", was published in France. However, in Czech literary environment her works quickly became appreciated and published. The monograph gives an account of Renaud's relationship to the Czech culture, with the emphasis on historical and literary context. One of the main chapters is a literary critical analysis of Renaud's works. The monograph contains many citations Renaud's first published letters, both sent and received, processed archival documents are an integral part of the monograph.
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The Stroked pottery site Jaroměř in the light of the settlement of eastern Bohemia in the younger neolithic
Burgert, Pavel ; Popelka, Miroslav (advisor) ; Zápotocká, Marie (referee)
The present work describes the results of processing the excavations obtained during the research of habitation at a Stroke-ornamented ware culture in Jaroměř (Náchod county). The inner chronology of the habitation was studied using spatial relation analysis and the study of the ceramic collection. Through the study of the stone tools, the habitation was set within the wider distribution relationships of the region and it was also possible to observe the manufacturing activity in the researched location. With the help of the ceramic remains, three residential phases were identified which correspond with the shift between the older and the younger degree of culture. This chronology also corresponds with the changing building tradition of the houses of the habitation. The existence of an independent manufacturing region was not proved. The present study looks at the form of the pottery at an important time when the Lengyel influence started to permeate from Moravia to Bohemia. Keywords neolithic - eastern Bohemia - Stroke-ornamented ware culture - site - pottery Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com)
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The effect of social factors on reproduction and stress in spiny mouse (Acomys cahirinus)
Fraňková, Marcela ; Frynta, Daniel (advisor) ; Pavelková Ricanková, Věra (referee) ; Valeš, Karel (referee)
1 Summary This thesis deals with relationships among social factors, behaviour, physiology and reproduction in spiny mouse (Acomys cahirinus). Spiny mice are social rodents with that should be kept in families consisting of an adult male, multiple females and their descendants which mimic their wild social system. In contrast to many other muroid rodents, spiny mice produce after an extended gestation period only small litters consisting of relatively large and well developed (precocoial) newborns. The first part of the thesis is focused on effects of selected social parameters on glucocorticoid levels, which are widely used as a marker of stress. We focused on non-invasive monitoring of glucocorticoid metabolites (GCM) in faeces via enzyme immunoassay. For this purpose two specific antibodies were validated via an ACTH challenge test. Further, we constructed a special experimental apparatus which allowed us routine repeated collection of faecal samples in socially living rodents without noticeable disturbance to studied animals. Next, we monitored baseline concentrations of faecal GCM levels of individuals in family groups of commensal and non-commensal population. We found no effect of age (i.e., social dominance) and only a small effect of sex (in the commensal population only, with males exhibiting...
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How the Yellowhammer became a Kiwi: stories hatched at the field margins of bioacoustics and invasion ecology
Pipek, Pavel ; Pyšek, Petr (advisor) ; Slabbekoorn, Hans (referee) ; Sol Rueda, Daniel (referee)
The presented thesis exploits the introduction of the yellowhammer (Emberiza citrinella) to New Zealand to study the cultural evolution of birdsong dialects in exotic populations after 140 years of complete isolation from the original source populations in Great Britain. The data are interpreted with detailed knowledge of yellowhammer past in New Zealand and of the global (Europe) and regional (Czech Republic) distribution of yellowhammer dialects. Yellowhammer song is simple and males have very limited repertoire. Since the 19th cen- tury it is known that despite its simplicity the song exhibits fascinating geographical variation; the males share the terminal notes to create mosaic-like distribution of dialects. Although this phenomenon has been known for decades and thoroughly studied, many questions remain. One of them is a suspected border between "western" and "eastern" groups of dialects. By combining information about the dialect distributions obtained from works of previous researchers with recordings from online repositories and archives we demonstrate that these groups do not create macrogeographical patterns (Chapter 6). The citizen-science project "Dialects of the Czech Yellowhammers" involved Czech cit- izens in mapping the distribution of yellowhammer dialects in the Czech territory....
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Castle Library of Otto Jr. on Nostitz in Jawor
Šípek, Richard ; De Barbieri, Laura (advisor) ; Bok, Václav (referee) ; Bernhard, Jan Andrea (referee)
CASTLE LIBRARY OF OTTO JR. OF NOSTITZ IN JAWOR The library of Otto Jr. of Nostitz was founded in the beginning of the 1650's in the Lower Silesian castle Jawor. It consists approximately of 5 000 volumes and its structure as well as its history makes it unique and elevates the Jawor library among the most interesting book collections of early modern Europe. Shortly after death of its founder, the library was bought by Otto's brother Johann Hartwig of Nostitz and moved to the newly built palace in Malá Strana in Prague where it laid the foundations of the new family library of the house of Nostitz. The library is placed in two rooms on the second floor till today. The thesis tries to introduce the personality of the founder of the Jawor library Otto Jr. of Nostitz, his tastes in the book purchase as well as the topical structure of his book collection and its future fates. Notwithstanding, the main point of the doctor thesis is to present the issues of the thorough provenance research of the oldest part of the library. The terminus ante quem for the year of edition of the books relevant for the provenance research marks out the death of Otto Jr. in the year 1665. The most recent and complete catalogue of the Nostitz library in the present use dates back to the 19th century and shows remarkable leaks and...
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