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Paramedics Point of View on Pharmacotherapy in Prehospital Care
VACEK, Daniel
The bachelor thesis on the topic of Pharmacotherapy in pre-hospital emergency care from the perspective of a paramedic is divided into a theoretical part and a practical part. The theoretical part deals with the competencies of paramedics, individual drug groups that are used in pre-hospital emergency care and are part of emergency medical service vehicles. Three goals were set for the bachelor thesis. The first goal was to map the paramedic´s knowledge of pharmacotherapy. The second goal was to map the knowledge and procedure of paramedics about the possibilities of pharmacotherapy administration without the indication of an emergency medical service doctor. The third goal was to map the knowledge and procedure of paramedics about the possibilities of pharmacotherapy administration based on the indication of an emergency medical service physician. A qualitative research survey using the technique of semi-structured interview was carried out. Interviews were conducted with 14 paramedics of the South Bohemian Region Emergency Medical Service from the regional centres of Prachatice, Strakonice, Tábor, Písek, Český Krumlov, České Budějovice and Jindřichův Hradec. The results of the work say that the interviewed paramedics have enough knowledge in the issue of pharmacotherapy in pre-hospital emergency care, in which they are well oriented, both in drug groups and in indications and dosage. Paramedics know their competences, but they sometimes consciously exceed them.
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Effect of antidepressants on placental monoamine homeostasis
Horáčková, Hana ; Štaud, František (advisor) ; Sumová, Alena (referee) ; Soukup, Ondřej (referee)
Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Candidate: Mgr. Hana Horackova Supervisor: prof. PharmDr. Frantisek Staud, Ph.D. Title of doctoral thesis: Effect of antidepressants on placental monoamine homeostasis Depression in pregnancy is an increasingly common problem and it is reported that up to 25 % of pregnant women suffer from depression and approximately 13 % are prescribed antidepressants. Currently, the most commonly prescribed antidepressants in pregnancy are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs). However, the safety of these treatments is still controversial, as poor pregnancy outcomes such as organ malformations, increased incidence of neurological disorders, and preeclampsia have been reported in pregnant women taking antidepressants. However, knowledge of the responsible mechanisms is still lacking at present as they have not been sufficiently investigated. Although the effect of antidepressants on the availability of serotonin (5-HT), dopamine (DA) and norepinephrine in brain tissue has been extensively characterized in the literature, the interactions of antidepressants with placental monoamine transporters have not received attention to date. However,...
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Placental transport of dopamine and norepinephrine
Turková, Helena ; Štaud, František (advisor) ; Jirkovský, Eduard (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Student: Helena Turková Supervisor: prof. PharmDr. František Štaud, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Placental transport of dopamine and norepinephrine During the whole course of pregnancy, it is important to maintain proper monoamine homeostasis, namely serotonin (5-HT), norepinephrine (NE), and dopamine (DA), which are crucial for proper placental function and fetal development. Monoamines are important neuromodulators, involved in cell proliferation, and differentiation. and neuronal migration. High fetal monoamine secretion during gestation demands a responsible clearance mechanism, as disruption of their balance may lead to long-lasting changes in brain structure and function, provoking a higher risk of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism or depression. However, uptake of NE a DA through the fetoplacental unit has not been fully and in detail described. Therefore, in this diploma thesis, we focus on the uptake of NE and DA through ex vivo isolated vesicles of microvillous (MVM) and basal (BM) membranes from healthy human term placentas. Our results show that NE and DA uptake is mediated via high-affinity and low-capacity serotonin (SERT) and norepinephrine (NET) transporters in...
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Pharmacotherapy in the treatment of opioid addiction
Bodinková, Jolana ; Novotný, Jiří (advisor) ; Kašík, Petr (referee)
Opiate addiction represents a difficult problem, both medically and socially. With millions of affected people, either by such kinds of addiction or its side effects, across the globe, the condition requires its resolution to be effective, which can be provided by opioid pharmacotherapy, either methadone-, buprenorphine- or naloxone-based. In regard to increasing numbers of not only cases but also deaths, related to drug overdose, opiate addiction treatments still remain underused in medical settings. This thesis summarizes pharmacotherapy practices used during opioid use disorder treatments. Its main part predominantly focuses on the description of therapeutical procedures, their advantages, and deficiencies. Keywords: opioid abuse, pharmacotherapy, methadone, buprenorphine, naloxone
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Placental transport of dopamine and norepinephrine
Turková, Helena ; Štaud, František (advisor) ; Jirkovský, Eduard (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Student: Helena Turková Supervisor: prof. PharmDr. František Štaud, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Placental transport of dopamine and norepinephrine During the whole course of pregnancy, it is important to maintain proper monoamine homeostasis, namely serotonin (5-HT), norepinephrine (NE), and dopamine (DA), which are crucial for proper placental function and fetal development. Monoamines are important neuromodulators, involved in cell proliferation, and differentiation. and neuronal migration. High fetal monoamine secretion during gestation demands a responsible clearance mechanism, as disruption of their balance may lead to long-lasting changes in brain structure and function, provoking a higher risk of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism or depression. However, uptake of NE a DA through the fetoplacental unit has not been fully and in detail described. Therefore, in this diploma thesis, we focus on the uptake of NE and DA through ex vivo isolated vesicles of microvillous (MVM) and basal (BM) membranes from healthy human term placentas. Our results show that NE and DA uptake is mediated via high-affinity and low-capacity serotonin (SERT) and norepinephrine (NET) transporters in...
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Analysis of the effect of pharmacotherapy on the risk of fall in inpatients II
Szikorová, Nikola ; Malý, Josef (advisor) ; Rejmanová, Anna (referee)
Analysis of the effect of pharmacotherapy on the risk of fall in inpatients II Author: Nikola Szikorová Tutor: PharmDr. Josef Malý, Ph.D. Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University Introduction and objectives: Falls are one of the most common problems of hospitalized patients. Their occurrence is associated with many problems and therefore should be avoided. Effective prevention involves analyzing risk factors and implementing interventions to minimize these risks. The aim of this work was to analyze the influence of drugs and other risk factors on the fall of hospitalized patients. Methods: Data was collected from April to December 2017 in 4 hospitals in South Bohemia. Only patients who had fallen during hospitalization participated in the study. An online database was created for the study to collect patient data (personal history, medications used, laboratory values and others). Population and individual fall risk-increasing drugs were analyzed. For each individual fall risk-increasing drug, the type of drug problem that could have been the cause of a fall was classified. Risk minimization interventions have been assigned to each drug problem. In addition to fall risk-increasing drug analysis, other risk factors that increased the risk...
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Analysis of the effect of pharmacotherapy on the risk of fall in inpatients III
Honsová, Tereza ; Malý, Josef (advisor) ; Zimčíková, Eva (referee)
Analysis of the effect of pharmacotherapy on the risk of falls in inpatents III Author: Tereza Honsová Tutor: PharmDr. Josef Malý, Ph.D. Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University Introduction: Falls are frequent and unwanted events happening in healthcare facilities. The falls have a multifactorial character. The prevention is the best way how to improve a quality of healthcare and a quality of the patient's life. All of the doctors, clinical pharmacists and nurses can help to realize it by cooperating with each other, working with professional information and by individual attitude to each patient. Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of the fall risk-increasing drugs to falls in hospitalized patients and to recommend the right interventions to prevent the fall. Methodology: For the analysation, classification and quantification of the fall risk-increasing drugs, drug related problems and interventions a special online database was created. All of the doctors, clinical pharmacists and nurses were collecting details about the pacients and about how the fall happened. Fall risk-increasing drugs and drug-related problems were then analyzed by clinical pharmacists. Potential interventions were suggested. Also other...
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Migraine and its treatment
Petríková, Andrea ; Jirkovský, Eduard (advisor) ; Červený, Lukáš (referee)
Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Supervisor: PharmDr. Eduard Jirkovský, Ph.D. Author: Andrea Petríková Title of Diploma Thesis: Migraine and its treatment Migraine is one of the primary headaches, manifested in repeated attacks of severe one-sided and throbbing headaches, usually lasting 4-72 hours. They are accompanied by one of the following symptoms: photophobia, phonophobia, odorophobia, nausea, vomiting. From one seizure to the next, the patient feels like a healthy patient. In my work I describe current pharmacotherapeutic procedures in the treatment of migraine. In the first part of the diploma thesis, I presented a literature review of migraines, which begins with the classification of headaches. I continue with the definition of migraine, history, classification of migraine, pathophysiology, prevalence and diagnostic criteria of migraine. In the second part I describe the different types of treatment with their procedures and the drugs that are used. Based on our knowledge of the pathophysiology of migraine, new drugs have been developed for the treatment of acute migraine attacks that target calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and serotonin 5-HT1F receptors. I describe their mechanism, which drugs have been...
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Bioinformatic aspects of nuclear receptors in pharmacotherapy
Škoda, Josef ; Pávek, Petr (advisor) ; Kollár, Peter (referee) ; Matoušková, Petra (referee)
IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE Candidate: Mgr. Josef Škoda Supervisor: Prof. PharmDr. Petr Pávek, PhD. Title of the doctoral thesis: Bioinformatical aspects of nuclear receptors in pharmacotherapy The liver plays a central role in energy homeostasis via processing post-prandial excess energy into storage molecules and reusing stored energy via gluconeogenesis during the fasting period. This tight energy balance is maintained by a myriad of regulating processes. Dysfunction of metabolic control is a key event of severe diseases in today's population, starting with obesity, insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome, proceeding to end-stage complications in type 2 diabetes, whole organ malfunctions, or even tumor diseases. Master players in metabolic regulation are nuclear receptors (NR) activated by endogenous stimuli or scavenging for nutritional or toxicological signals. NRs regulate gene transcription activation and therefore maintain liver metabolic plasticity. In this thesis, modern molecular biology approaches were used to study ligands of NRs and the effects of their treatment. After the typical activation of a NR, hundreds of genes are regulated, which is beyond the ability to study with conventional biology methods. For this purpose, omics methods are an ideal solution. They are characterized by...
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