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Zhodnocení mléčné užitkovosti ovcí v průběhu laktace
Kryštofová, Kateřina
The aim of the thesis was analyse of sheep milk composition during lactation. Milk was analysed for milk yield, total solids, fat, protein, lactose, somatic cell coun (SCC), active acidity (pH), titratable acidity, rennet clotting time and rennet curd quality and then recorded data were satistically analyzed by program STATISTICA. The samplings were carried in months April – September 2018 on sheep farm in Br-níčko. The samplings were carried from eight selected ewes on the second lacatation and the immediately after collection the milk cooled, and transported to the analyses of in-dividual components into specialized laboratories. The average milk yield in the stage lacatation in 2018 was 1.39 l. Milk from these ewes contained an average of 18.41 % total solids, 7.01 % fat, 6.02 % protein, 4.71 % lactose, 103 thousand SC/ml. Milk showed values on average pH 6.63, titration acidity 9.51 °SH, rennetability 115 second and rennet curd quality was 1.34 (1.quality class). The results of this study indicate that high statistical significant effect of lactation stage was found on all chosen parametres except titration acidity, somatic cells count and rennet curd quality.
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Zhodnotenie pripúšťania a inseminácie u synchronizovaných oviec
Cedzová, Katarína
The aim of bachelor´s thesis “exaluation of breeding and insemination of synchronized sheep“ is to describe options of reproduction of sheep used in our country, to familiarize with anatomy of sheep reproductive organs, and to describe individual methods of breeding and insemination. We focused on natural and artificial methods of reproduction and preparation of an individual and flock of sheep for reproduction. We followed the process of natural methods of reproduction with the help of ethological observation of two little flocks of sheep of Zwartbles breed at a small family farm in Mohelno.
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Mléčná užitkovost plemene lacaune ve vybraném chovu
CHODCOVÁ, Anna
This thesis deals with the influence of age of lacaune breed ewes on milk performance, influence of parity and influence of stage of lactation on milk performance in terms of the milk yield and the content of individual components of milk. Further was evaluated the influence of rams on milking. Data from farm Statek Horní Dvorce s.r.o. were used and data from Svaz chovatelů ovcí a koz z.s. were used too and entries from years 2014, 2015, 2016 and 2017, when the milk performance was monitored by method AT. The influence of rams on milking has not been fully demonstrated. For the four comparing lines, the statistically significant difference was only between LINUX and LUPIN, and only in one year of performance control over the three years compared. From the point of view of the influence of age on total milk yield in the studied farm, fat and protein content of lacaune breed increased with increasing age, whereas the lactose content showed a decreasing trend. The influence of parity had a significant effect on the monitored parameters of milk. With an increasing parity, the protein content was slightly increased, the fat and lactose content decreased. Ewes on the second lactation showed the best results in milk yield, since the third lactation was recorded in milking a decrease. The influence of stage of lactation on milking and on the content of individual components of milk was also significanted. With prolonged lactation the milk yield and lactose content were decreased. The fat and protein content has been shown to increase with the increasing of the stage of lactation.
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Zhodnocení vybraných ukazatelů mléka u ovcí plemene lacaune při aplikaci pastevního odchovu
Sedláková, Markéta
The aim of the thesis was to evaluation of the selected indicators for ewes breed la-caune in grazing rearing. On the basis of donations of milk at regular intervals and the subsequent analysis of the milk was carried out the evaluation of the individual indica-tors. Sheep's milk came from pure-bred ewes breed lacaune (LC). The ewes from which it was collected, milk, have been on the 2. lactation and an only child. The sheep, a breed of lacaune (LC) are kept at the farm top of the Areola. This farm currently has the largest number of pieces of pure-bred sheep breed lacaune in Czech Republic. Carried out with a total of 5 subscriptions from late April to early September in the intervals of 62. day, 90. day, 125. day, 153. day and 195. day of lactation. First was the evaluation of milk yield and the measurement of daily milk yield was carried out by means of mechanical milk rates. Immediately after collection the milk cooled, and transported to the analyses of individual components into specialized labo-ratories. In the stage of lactation in 2015, the average milk yield 1,68 l. Milk from these ewes contained an average of 18,00 % dry matter, fat 7,43 %, 5,16 % protein and lactose 4,67 %. It was furthen evaluated physical and chemical composition of milk, into which encompass the titratable acidy, pH. The average value was at pH 6,59 and the titratable acidy 9,96 SH. And the technological properties of the average length of rennet clotting time 113,2 seconds and rennet curd quality 1,60, holding shape.
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Estimation of Genetic Parametrs in Selected Reproduction Traits of Sheep and Revision of Existing Evaluation of Animals
Schmidová, Jitka ; Vostrý, Luboš (advisor) ; Jan, Jan (referee)
The objective of this investigation was to select the proper model for genetic parameter estimation, to estimate genetic parameters, and to predict breeding values for litter size in most common sheep breeds in Czech Republic. A total of 143 896 lambing records from 1990 to 2012 were analysed. Variance components and genetic parameters for litter size were estimated separately for each breed using the BLUP animal model with repeatability. The basic model equation contained ewe age as a fixed effect and random effects of contemporary group, permanent environment and direct additive genetic effect of the animal. Modifications of the basic model were examined when various combinations of mating effects were included (contemporary group of ewes during mating (harem), additive genetic and permanent environmental effect of service ram).
Estimates of phenotype variance increased across breeds (0.236 for Šumava to 0.779 for Romanov) with increasing breed average for number of lambs per litter. Variance component estimates for permanent environmental effect of the ewe were low (0.0001 to 0.0262). The variance of common environment of contemporary group (from 0.0223 to 0.1309) had bigger influence on the total variability of litter size in almost all studied breeds then additive genetic variance (from 0.0146 to 0.0587). The lowest heritability and repeatability estimates were for the Šumava (h2=0.0619; w2=0.0823) and Romney breeds (h2=0.0626; w2=0.0811); while the highest were for Merinolandschaf (h2=0.1091; w2 = 0.1129).
The effect of service ram ranged from 0.01 to 0.02 of phenotypic variance in Šumava sheep, in Romanov sheep it was from 0.05 to 0.10, and in Suffolk sheep it was from 0.04 to 0.05. Including effects of mating (service sire, harem, and/or ram´s permanent environmental effect) in the model decreased deviance information criterion, what means that these models are more proper than the basic one.
Results from present study demonstrate that genetic parameters did differ among the investigated breeds, which should be taken into account in breeding value estimation. The service rams have low but a clearly detectable influence on litter size of their mates. Genetic parameter estimates indicate that direct selection on the service ram effect could increase litter size and achieve genetic gain through ram selection.
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Analysis of sheep utility attributes in ecological and conventional flocks in the Czech Republic
Linhartová, Iveta ; Ptáček, Martin (advisor) ; Jan, Jan (referee)
The goal of this diploma thesis was to perform an analysis of sheep breeding of Suffolk breed in basic reproductive performance and meat production traits aspects. The information for rating these aspects was used from two farms. The first of them used conventional way of breeding (ZVOZD Horácko, družstvo) and the second one used ecological way (EkofarmaKosařůvmlýn, s.r.o.).
Fertilization, fertility, intensity and rearing belong among monitored reproductive indicators. These reproductive indicators are expressed in percentages. Regarding meat production traits rating in this thesis we compared influences of year of lambing, farming method, birth month, sex, litter size and age of dam. All these influences were judge according to birth weight (kg), weight at the age of 100 days (kg), average growth (g), depth of the longest dorsal muscle (mm) and according to depth of subcutaneous fat (mm). Reproductive performance and meat production were monitored in years 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014 and 2015.
In terms of reproductive performance with a few exceptions it was true that ZVOZD Horácko, družstvo reached the best values, and in most cases better than the national average. For example in terms of intensity values in 2012 ZVOZD Horácko, družstvo had 35,9% better results compared to national average. In the same year this farm reached 48,1% higher values of percentage rearing compared to national average. Ekofarma Kosařův mlýn, s.r.o. showed worse performances, however it was in most cases better than national average. In terms of intensity in 2011 Ekofarma Kosařův mlýn, s.r.o. had the same results as the ZVOZD Horácko, družstvo. Meat production properties were supported by statistical calculations and all of them were conclusive at least at the level of significance P < 0,05 in all cases except month of birth effect on birth weight. The best results of meat production in terms of effect of lambing had the year 2012, when the birth weight was one of the highest and the other properties (weight at the age of 100 days, average growth, depth of the longest dorsal muscle, depth of subcutaneous fat) were by far the highest in the period of 2011-2015. Next we found out that the ecological way of breeding (in this case Ekofarma Kosařůvmlýn, s.r.o.) has better results than the conventional way (ZVOZD Horácko, družstvo).
The effect of birthmonth has the significant influence on the indicators of meat production and the lambs born in April had the best results. In the case of sex rams are better. Litter size has very important influence on meat production the more lambs per one mother, the lower
birth weights, the lower weights until the period of weaning, the lower weights at the age of 100 days. It is affected by milkiness of the mother. Moreover, the age of mothers also play a significant role. In our research the highest birth weights had lambs of one year old mothers and all other indicators were the highest in the case of three year old dams.
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Analysis of sheep utility attributes in Valachian sheep in selected flock.
Habětínová, Kateřina ; Ptáček, Martin (advisor) ; Jan, Jan (referee)
The aim of my Diploma thesis was to evaluate a basic reproductive, milky and growth characters of sheep tribe Wallachian sheep in the chosen facility. The monitoring of the reproductive fiures has been made in years 2012, 2013 and 2014. There have not been shown any results for the year 2015, that is why these particular figures are not explicit. The measures of reproductive figures of Wallachian sheep were compared to the average of Czech republic. The evaluation of the figures given at the chosen farm has had a good results in all four evaluated figures (fertilization, fertility, intensity and nursling).
The evaluation of an utility value processed in 2015. The milk production in order of the milk utility value (% fat, % proteins, % kasein, % lactose, % TPS, % solilds) has been dependent from the authority of mother sheep as well as the influence of the countability of farrow.
The influence of mother sheep´s age on the milk production has had a demonstrable influence mainly on the milk sicking and the percentage of fatty solids (TPS). The best results have been achieved on three aged sheep and the worst results on five aged sheep. At the percentage of proteins and kasein there has also been fount the explicit impact of mother´s age. Differences have been measured also on the fat percentage, milk and solid with a statistically provable measures.
The impact of a farrow´s countability on the milk utility has been proved in milk sicking. Mothers with geminus sicked in average 93 g milk more. This difference was apparent on the level of detectability P < 0,05.
The evaluation of meat utility processed in the year 2015 where the birth weight of lambs and their growth abilities (40, 70, 100 and 140 days of age) were measured.
Sex influence on meat utility has been statistically demonstrable on the weight at the age of 70 and 140 days. In both cases the fleeces showed biger weight. Also another measurements have showed the gaps between the weight of fleeces and lambs on the fleeces´s behalf.
The mother´s age influence on meat utility has not been statistically proved in any of figures although the measured figures have been slightly rising.
The results can serve as a preparation or adaptation of these sheep cultivation as well as an improvement of their utility.
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Mléčná užitkovost plemene lacaune ve vybraném chovu
CHODCOVÁ, Anna
This thesis deals with the influence of age of Lacaune breed ewes on milk performance (milk yield and the content of individual components of milk). The length of lactation was also evaluated. Data from farm Statek Horní Dvorce s.r.o. were used and entries from years 2012, 2013 and 2014, when the milk performance was monitored by method AT. With the view of the fact that the standardized lactation in 2012 was set on 240 days while since 2013 the required length was 150 days, the year 2012 was not included into the comparison due to dubiousness of the results. The influence of age of an ewe on total milk yield in the studied farm is not clear and cannot be established with significant certainty, although in the studied years the milk performance was higher than the average in the Czech republic. In the 2013 was the total milk yield 323 kg of milk and in the 2014 was 307,4 kg of milk. The findings of basic milk parameters of individual components of milk show that the age of an ewe has an influence on the components. With growing age the content of fat was decreasing. At three-year-old ewes the content of fat was 7.36%, while at four-year-olds the content reached only 7.3%. The content of lactose also seemed to decrees with age. At three-year-old ewes the content of lactose was 4.86%, while at four-year-olds the content was 4.63%. However, the content of protein had growing tendency. At three-year-old ewes the content of protein was 5.61%, while at four-year-olds the content was 5,89%. Further was evaluated the length of lactation. It was shown an increase in the average length of lactation as they get older ewes, but the effect on lactation length was also the start date of the dry period of herd.
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The effect of iodine on functional parameters of ewes.
DUŠOVÁ, Hana
The aim of this work was to assess the long-term effect of excessive iodine intake on thyroid activity and selected immunological, haematological and biochemical parameters in blood of ewes and their lambs. The experiment was conducted from August 2009 to February 2010 in an experimental barn of Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice. Into the experiment were used Šumava sheep breed ewes and their born lambs. Group A (control) consisted of 6 ewes after lambing was extended to 7 born lambs, group B (experimental) 6 of 6 ewes and lambs. Lambs were put into the experiment from the 1st to the 60th day after birth and received iodine in the milk of their mothers. Iodine supplementation to the diet of ewes was launched during the first to second months of pregnancy and finished 60 days after birth. During the experiment, a group of ewes A received 3,1 and group B 5,1 mg iodine per kg of dietary dry matter in the form of calcium iodate. During the experiment was regularly collected blood of ewes (before lambing and 1st, 10th, 30th and 60th day after birth) and lambs (1st, 3rd, 10th, 30th and 60th day after birth) to determine the concentration of thyroid stimulating hormone and immunoglobulin G (ELISA) in blood serum, thyroid hormones (RIA), total protein, urea and alkaline phosphatase activity in the blood plasma (biochemical analyser), the content of haemoglobin, white blood cell´s and red blood cell´s counts and haematocrit values in blood (haematological analyser), percentage of albumin, -1-globulins, -2-globulins, -globulins, and -globulins in blood serum (electrophoresis) and the content of iodine in the blood plasma, urine and milk of ewes (colorimetric method Sandell-Kolthoff). During the experiment were not observed in ewes and lambs clinical symptoms associated with an excessive intake of iodine. In experimental group of ewes with iodine intake 5,1 mg/kg of dietary dry matter were found higher values of thyroid stimulating hormone, lower values of free triiodothyronine, free thyroxine, IgG, white blood cells, -1-globulins, -2-globulin and -globulin, significantly lower values of -globulins after parturition, significantly higher values of urea and alkaline phosphatase activity. The iodine content in blood plasma, milk and urine of ewes is increased in direct proportion to its concentration in diet. Lambs of mothers with iodine intake of 5,1 mg/kg of dietary dry matter were significantly higher values of thyroid stimulating hormone from the 10th day after birth, significantly lower values of free triiodothyronine and free thyroxine first day after birth, immunoglobulin G and -globulins in 30th day after birth, lower (statistically significant in middle samples) values of total protein and white blood cells, higher values of urea and alkaline phosphatase activity. The weight gains of lambs were not significantly affected by iodine supplementation. These results in ewes with iodine intake of 5,1 mg/kg dietary dry matter and especially their lambs drawn to risk of reduce the activity of the thyroid gland and the negative impact of parameters of humoral immunity, mainly IgG and -globulins.
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