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The development of job descriptions theatre nurses across half a century
Kalašová, Veronika ; Prošková, Eva (advisor) ; Kordulová, Pavla (referee)
Bachelor thesis is focused on the history of the profession operating nurses, from 1953 to the present, primarily on the development and changes in workload of operating nurses at this time period and educational possibilities. The theoretical part explains the basic concepts of the theme, such as perioperative care, job descriptions of the staff in the operating theatre, operating theatre equipments et cetera. The thesis is focused on the differences development in the workload and competencies of the operating nurses throughout the entire period, and the increasing need to understand the technical equipment in the operating theatre and its operation. The aim of this thesis is to map the development in the education and legal regulation for the operating nurses. The second objective is to determine the differences in the character of the operating nurses' work nowadays and 50 years ago. Bachelor's thesis is theoretical and practical nature. To meet the goals and answer research questions was chosen the form of qualitative research, studying of archival documents and the period literature, which has been within the options complemented with structured interviews with witnesses (nurses, even. doctors, and other health care professionals). Keywords: perioperative care, operating rooms, theatre nurse,...
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Assesment of quality of postoperative analgesic care
Rákosová, Andrea ; Burišková, Klára (advisor) ; Hakenová, Renata (referee)
Introduction: The acute postoperative pain management is recently a concern of many expert committees and professional associations. The evidence of an increased interest in this issue is the Practice Guidelines for Acute Pain Management released by American Pain Society. According to these recommendations, the pain should be monitored as a fifth vital function. As a logical consequence of modern trends of pain management, Czech Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine issued guidelines for acute pain management in postoperative setting. This paper is an attempt to describe and evaluate the quality of postoperative analgetic care after total knee and hip replacements in a selected institution's department.………………………………..…………………………………… Methods: The aim of our empirical survey was to assess the level of quality of postoperative care and analgesia in the selected department. We focused mainly on the question of pain trivializing from the nurses side, their approach towards patients suffering from acute pain and, finally, the level of patient's awareness of pain intensity assessment systems and treatment options. Using the quantitative research methods, we evaluated the differences in perceiving of postoperative pain treatment quality from patient's and nurse's point of view. The survey...
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Ethical problems in perioperative care and their impact on patient safety
Wichsová, Jana ; Holmerová, Iva (advisor) ; Munzarová, Marta (referee) ; Fontánová, Anna (referee)
The dissertation examines the ethics of staff in perioperative care. The aim was to analyze the errors that occur during surgery, to determine the participants in perioperative care who commit these mistakes, and to analyze the reasons why these errors occur. The theoretical part deals with the concept of security from different perspectives of patient safety in surgery, and the international guidelines that direct it. The situation in the Czech Republic in terms of care for patient safety in surgery is also described. One chapter deals with the autor's internship in operating rooms in Sweden. Using the results of observations, the empirical part of the dissertation analyzes the actual behaviour of staff in perioperative care during surgery against the binding documents that ensure safe perioperative care. It also sets out the reasons that lead to non-compliance of health and safety regulations in perioperative theatres. In conclusion, I suggest steps that would help to improve the situation. Key words Perioperative care, safety, security, pacient pafety, medical ethics, nursing ethics
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The role of the perioperative nurse in the multidisciplinary team
VOTOČKOVÁ, Nikola
Working in the operating room is challenging and high demands are placed on all members of the operating team, both in terms of professional qualifications and personalities. An integral part of the team is a perioperative nurse who, as a member, plays an irreplaceable role in the team and, together with other team members, strives to achieve a common goal. This bachelor thesis describes the work of a perioperative nurse in a multidisciplinary team in the operating room. The bachelor thesis is divided into theoretical and empirical part. The theoretical part is divided into several areas. The thesis begins with the characteristics of the individual periods of perioperative care and describes the role of the perioperative nurse in each of these periods. Furthermore, this thesis describes the operating room environment and the preparation of the operating group. It informs about qualification and specialization education that is needed to perform the profession of perioperative nurse. The theoretical part concludes with an area that deals with the composition of a multidisciplinary team and communication between its members. The empirical part of this thesis consists of a research investigation. The aim of this work was to determine the role of perioperative nurse in multidisciplinary team. Three research questions have been set to achieve the goal: 1. What are the perioperative nurses' competencies? 2. What are the training opportunities for perioperative nurses? 3. What is the role of a perioperative nurse in a multidisciplinary team? The research was carried out by a qualitative method. Research data were obtained in the form of semi-structured interviews with ten perioperative nurses working in the operating room. The interview contained thirteen pre-prepared questions and other questions were supplemented according to the situation during the interview. The questions were divided into three areas. The first area of questions concerned identification data and education of perioperative nurses, the second area of questions was concerned with activities performed by perioperative nurses in the operating room and the third area focused on interpersonal relationships and team communication. All data obtained was analyzed and divided into categories and subcategories. The research suggests that the main job of the perioperative nurse depends on whether the nurse currently holds the role of an assistant nurse of the so-called orbiting nurse. Both of these roles are specific, especially during the surgery, and work closely together during the surgery. In order for a nurse to become a perioperative nurse and be able to work without supervision, a specialized course is required. These results indicate that nurses are interested in continuing their education in order to perform the work of a perioperative nurse. Patients are at the forefront of the operations team, and although friendly and warm relationships are not always present among the members during surgery, most members respect each other. Survey results can help students and nurses interested in perioperative care. The planned outcome of this work is the publication of the results obtained in a professional periodical.
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Centralization of operating rooms from the perspective of nurses
DRAŽANOVÁ, Monika
The aim of the work: The aim of this thesis is to provide detailed information about organization and operation of today's operating rooms from nurse´s point of view. Operational treatment requires high demands on technical and material equipment, special staff training, perfect adherence to asepse, antisepsis, sterility as well as work organization. The thesis should also introduce the most urgent problems of the current situation of the operating rooms management. The most recent discoveries and proven methods are summarized in a simple and comprehensible form that will serve as a guide for perioperative nurses. Method: Qualitative research methods in the form of a semi-structured interview have been used. This thesis will use the qualitative survey method in the form of a semistructured interview along with snowball sampling. The research consists of respondents with finished specialization in instrumentation for the operating room who are still active in the given field. Current status: The organization and operation room management consists of two functional models. These are so called "sideline sterilization" versus central operating rooms. Both ways have their advantages and disadvantages related to workload, general nursing education, and operating rooms management. However, the least preferred option is a combination of both perioperative operations. Results: The results of the research focused on the centralization and operating rooms management show that "sideline sterilization" is considered an obsolete model of tool sterilization for operating rooms. The results also show that the model of central operating rooms with the combination of central sterilization is more modern and efficient both in terms of expenses and effort, not just for nurses but for all healthcare professionals. Conclusion: In accordance with the aim of this work the issue of centralization of operating rooms is pointed out, considering both the construction with the necessity to follow all known procedures in compliance with aseptic conditions, as well as the need of good management or nurse education. The results can be used for further research and as a further source of information for non-medical fields, mainly perioperative care.
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Monitoring quality indikators of anesthesilogy care
Šimonová, Petra ; Jeřábková, Lenka (advisor) ; Dynáková, Šárka (referee)
Safety and quality of care are considered to be one of the main priorities in anaesthesia and their management and monitoring should be continuous and systematic. Quality indicators in anaesthesia must be frequently evaluated. Their evidence and evaluation create not only safe environment for patients but also continuously improve quality of anaesthesiologic care. The main objective of this diploma thesis was to evaluate patient's satisfaction with provided anaesthesiologic care, one of the main quality indicators in anaesthesia. Other objectives were research of quality indicators recommended in the Czech Republic and quality indicators recommended by foreign medical societies. The last partial objective was to create quality indicators checklist tailored for specific department of anaesthesiology based on collected data. Quantitative method research was conducted, using unstandardised questionnaire for patients, hospitalized and anaesthetised. 140 questionnaires were distributed of which 117 questionnaires returned. Based on objective the author of diploma thesis found out that Czech society of anaesthesia, resuscitation and intensive care determines quality indicators monitored in the Czech Republic. Quality indicators in foreign countries are in form of criteria that are necessary to adhere to....
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Nursig care about newborn within the perioperation care.
BENEŠOVÁ, Nikola
The topic of the thesis Nursing Care of Newborns in the Process of Perioperative Care deals with specific and distinct features of such care from the viewpoint of nursing. The main objective was to specify all tasks of nurses in the process of perioperative care and the procedures they use. Last but not least, we focused on how the nursing care differs with regard to the age of newborns. The selected research method was qualitative research using semi-structured interviews with nurses from perinatology centers. The research covered 10 respondents with various levels of education and lengths of practical experience. Nurses most frequently understand the term of perioperative care as the care provided before, during and after a surgery. Most of them actually perform preparation of the child before the surgery and then they provide postoperative care. Only 2 out of the 10 respondents are directly involved in the surgery procedure and thus accompany the newborns throughout the entire process of perioperative care. The care provided before the surgery most often includes identification of the child, checking of its vital functions, involvement in blood collection, including intravenous cannulation, administration of prescribed medication, preparation of the surgical site and communication with the parents. Children are most frequently accompanied by their mothers and nurses need to communicate with them. Nurses transport the child to the operating room, hand the child over and subsequently take it back after the surgery. They also record all those activities in the medical files and in some cases they check signed informed consents. Intraoperative care consists mainly of monitoring of the newborn, assisting to the physician in airway management - intubation and during the entire surgery procedure. The most common surgical procedures performed in children are hernia, bowel and heart surgeries. The nurses also generally mentioned surgeries of developmental disorders. After the surgery nurses usually move the child to the neonatology intensive care unit which is equipped with a ventilator, incubator and all types of medication. They regularly check and record child´s vital functions, monitor the surgical wound and its proximity, intake and excretion, they provide nutrition etc. Nurses also assess the pain, most frequently using the NIPS scale, and they educate the parents. Post-surgery complications occur only sporadically and they include infections, bleeding or abstinence syndrome after administration of opiates. The collected data have shown only one difference relating to the age of newborns who underwent a surgery. Specifically, certain surgeries, e.g. of necrotic enterocolitis, are performed more frequently on less mature newborns. In general, most of the surgeries are performed on prematurely born neonates and extremely immature neonates. When asked what they would like to change or improve in the perioperative care from the nursing point of view the nurses primarily mentioned more contacts between the mother and child and consistent compliance with aseptic procedures. The responding nurses were mostly content, they praised the highly specialized care and the good cooperation between the nursing team and the medical team which consists of pediatricians and specialists. Results of those teams thus contribute to continually decreasing mortality rate of high-risk and pathological newborns and to better quality of life of those children after the surgery.
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Safety process in anesteziology care and perioperative care
Benáková, Miluše ; Heczková, Jana (advisor) ; Kordulová, Pavla (referee)
Patient safety is one of the top priorities of anesthesia and perioperative care in the operating room. The patient safety is greatly compromised due to administered medication and the actual operating performance in the perioperative care. The risks of anesthesia and the operational performance are many, starting with the fall of the patient, the possible wrong- site, wrong-procedure, wrong-patient errors, adverse reactions to administered medication, difficult airway management or an unexpected perioperative bleeding. Patient harm in hospital care leads not only to increased costs for additional treatment, prolongation of the hospitalization time, but also significantly affects the subsequent quality of life. Most adverse events are preventable, since most of them are caused by susceptible factors, such as incomplete or incorrect information or the lack of communication between the members of the operating team. Due to the increasing number of such adverse events around the world, including those of the most serious, The World Health Organization has created a program called The Save Surgery Saves Lives, whose aim was the identification of key risk areas in ensuring the safety of patients. On the basis of the identified risk areas the Surgical Safety Checklist was introduced in 2008. It is aimed...
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Perioperative nursing care for patients with colorectal cancer - robotic resection
Kalvachová, Lucie ; Kordulová, Pavla (advisor) ; Hakenová, Renata (referee)
Introduction: This Bachelor thesis expounds, from the perspective of a scrub nurse, the issues of nursing care with a patient undergoing a planned intestinal surgery with the help of a robotic system. In the theoretical part, it describes procedures of nursing care such as preparation of a patient before the surgery, nursing care in the operating room and after the surgery. It also points to principles of modern perioperative approach ERAS (Enhanced Recovery After Surgery). The sources that I have used for this Bachelor thesis come mostly from the National Medical Library (through Medline), from the Pub Med database, Web of Science, and also from nursing standards and Google search. In conducting the search, I followed the keywords: perioperative care, nursing, colorectal cancer and robotic system da Vinci. I have used literature written in Czech or English and published in the last five years (with the exception of the history of the robotic system). Methods: To lay out the thesis, I have chosen a case study of a patient with colorectal carcinoma operated by a mini-invasive robotic system da Vinci. On this particular example, I show standard nursing processes, potential risks of perioperative care and their prevention. Objective: Focus on nursing perioperative care of a patient and on the...
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The safety and quality of health services provided in the field of perioperative care
Panušková, Markéta ; Jirkovský, Daniel (advisor) ; Kolomazníková, Václava (referee)
Bachelor thesis "The safety and quality of health services in Perioperative Care" deals with quality control of nursing care in selected inpatient health care facilities as well as prevention and management of potential risks associated with the provision of nursing care. The empirical part of the thesis focuses on the awareness of perioperative nurses regarding the use of and adherence to standards, recommended work practices and quality control of nursing care in operating theaters. Custom survey was carried out at the University Hospital Motol in Prague 5 and simultaneously at the General University Hospital in Prague 2. The obtained data were evaluated using statistics CZ 12 and are presented in tables and figures. In the final discussion the information obtained were compared with the results of previously completed studies, and recommendations were set for improving the quality and safety of nursing care in operating theaters.
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