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Arctic as a regional security complex. An application of regional security complex theory to the Arctic region
Košatková, Iva ; Weiss, Tomáš (advisor) ; Karásek, Tomáš (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with the Arctic geopolitical region from the perspective of one of the most influential regionalist concepts in the modern IR theory and international security studies - the regional security complex theory developed by Barry Buzan and Ole Wæver from the Copenhagen Peace Research Institute. The main aim of the thesis is to examine whether such a specific geopolitical region as the Arctic could be analyzed from the perspective of this theory and defined as a regional security complex with a unique security dynamics and an intense interconnection of major processes of securitization and desecuritization. This research question seeks to suggest a theoretical and analytical tool for studying the specific regional dynamics of the Arctic, and alternatively identify shortcomings of the theory in confrontation with the case and propose possible theoretical modifications. The diploma thesis concludes that the Arctic can be classified as a regional security complex in terms of Buzan's and Wæver's theory, although as an emerging one with rather weak securitization interconnections yet with a big potential to develop into a strong and dynamic security complex. The application of the Arctic case to the theory however showed that there is a need for some theoretical modifications to make...
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Cold Waters, Hot Stakes: Systemic Geostrategic Analysis of International Relations in the Arctic Transborder Region
Valko, Irina ; Romancov, Michael (advisor) ; Hnízdo, Bořivoj (referee)
This work aims to fill the gap in the civil scientific agenda by offering its own, two- stage version of a systemic, dynamic, and interdisciplinary analysis of the developments in the Arctic transborder region; by fixing the region"s southern border at the Arctic Circle, adjusting to the premises of new geopolitics, using systemic modeling, and viewing geostrategic analysis as an obligatory academic contribution to the "art" of statecraft.The first stage of analysis is inductive, descriptive, and static. It defines the Arctic region as a system of five geostrategic action spaces, physical space (S1), military space (S2), economic space (S3), demographic space (S4), and information space (S5). After defining essential elements of the physical environment, social network analysis is applied on four human-constructed geostrategic spaces (S2-S5) - i.e. the basic networks of relationship (links) between the key actors (nodes) are created. Matrices of symmetrical relationships for military space (S2), economic space (S3), and demographic space (S4) are constructed to demonstrate the links" intensity. In order to illustrate the fact that changes in one action space ultimately transform other spaces, ten possible channels of inter-space affection are illustrated. The second stage of analysis is deductive,...
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The Importance of the Arctic in International Relations
Kopečná, Anna ; Bečka, Jan (advisor) ; Šír, Jan (referee)
In recent years several factors changed the importance of the Arctic in international relations. Firstly, the rapid melting of Arctic ice cover opened potential access to vast natural resources within the Arctic Ocean seabed. It is estimated that the Arctic may contain one quarter of world's undiscovered reserves of oil and gas. Secondly, the water ways along the Russian and Canadian northern coasts became ice-free, although so far just for few days every year. Should the Arctic Ocean continue to melt, then in several decades the Northern Sea Route and the Northwest Passage could become navigable for greater part of the year. This would shorten the journey distance from Europe to Asia by as much as forty percent, thereby cutting travel times and shipping costs. Finally, as the Arctic does not belong to any single country, there has been an increasing interest among the Arctic rim states, which have been working on delineating their maritime boundaries in order to ensure their territorial claims. This process has proceeded in accordance with the international legal framework as established by the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). Coastal states are entitled to a 200-nautical mile exclusive economic zone (EEZ) around their coastline. However, should they be able to prove...
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Emise skleníkových plynů ve vztahu k mikrobiální aktivitě a obsahu živin arktických půd
HAJŠMANOVÁ, Klára
The aim of this study was to understand the link beween greenhouse gasses emissions (CH4 and N2O) microbial activity and nutrient content in soil from different types of soil in Svalbard. Warming can cause release of large amounts of carbon and nitrogen in form of greenhouse gasses from soil into the atmosphere. This might strengthen the greenhouse effect and thus global climate change. We measured release of greenhouse gases from soil. At the same time, soil sampling was conducted at five different localities in August in the years 2014 and 2015. Soils were found to have low nutrient content and unfavourable C/N ratio to support vegetation growth. Areas were not a significant source of emissions of greenhouse gasses from soil to the atmosphere.
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Challenges for International Relations in the Arctic
Štěpánek, Zdeněk ; Rolenc, Jan Martin (advisor) ; Trávníčková, Zuzana (referee)
This thesis deals with identification, analysis and critical assessment of challenges for international relations arising in the Arctic in connection with global climate change, which results mainly into decrease of the sea ice. Copenhagen School forms the primary theoretical bedrock of the thesis. The thesis maps the approach of different theoretical paradigms to the Arctic region throughout the history and on this basis it justifies the relevance of application of the concept of security sectors defined by Copenhagen School on the region. The thesis also maps the current governance mechanisms of the Arctic region as far as international law and institutional arrangements are concerned. The analysis of concrete challenges for international relations is structured according to the sectors of security defined by Copenhagen School. Thus, challenges in the environmental, societal, economic, political and military sectors are examined.
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Geographical guide of the arctic area - Špicberky
VYHLÍDKA, Robert
The main aim of this thesis is a preparation of the first Czech geographical guide to the arctic area of Spitsbergen (Svalbard). The thesis is based on English and German specialized books as well as on author´s personal experience that he gained during his three months working stay in there. Theoretical part consists of minute description in accordance with practice used for generation of geographical guidebooks. In practical part of the thesis is author´s draft of his own routes tracing, including thein difficulty, photos and specification. Part of it will work sheets for secondary school pupils, presentation and methodical manual for teachers.
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The New Economic Potential of the Arctic
Denis, Tadeáš ; Kašpar, Václav (advisor) ; Machytka, Daniel (referee)
The aim of this Bachelor's thesis is to focus on the economic development of the Arctic region. It analyzes the natural conditions of the Arctic, the reasons and the consequences of the climate changes and their impact on potential economic development. It also describes the regional organization Arctic Council. In the next part the particular sections are presented: the production of oil and natural gas, arctic mining, shipping, fishing and tourism. In the last chapter results of an interview with a British geologist working at Danish climate center are brought up.
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The issue of the Arctic in contemporary international relations
Frýbová, Martina ; Kochan, Jan (advisor) ; Tůmová, Jana (referee)
The bachelor's thesis deals with the issue of the Arctic in contemporary international relations. First, there are described theoretical definitions of basic terms like Arctic and international regime , then the intrnational regime of the Arctic with its history and its comparism to the regime of Antarctic.In conclusion there are described declarations of Arctic states and their interests in the Arctic.
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New Navigation Routes in the Arctic
Pejchal, Vladislav ; Trávníčková, Zuzana (advisor) ; Knotková, Vladimíra (referee)
As a result of the melting of the Arctic sea ice, new nautical opportunities are opening up in the area of the Arctic. This bachelor thesis deals with what is called the "Northwest Passage" - an opening maritime route which connects the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean. Currently, the harsh climatic conditions limit the navigation and the economic use of the Passage. However, due to the speed in which the ice is melting, smooth navigation through the Northwest Passage can be expected in a mere few years. Canada and some other countries (primarily the U.S.) have had a dispute about the extent of the Canadian sovereignty in the area of the Passage. This thesis tries to fully cover the issue of the Northwest Passage sovereignty, as well as to find an answer to the question whether the dispute between Canada and U.S. can be solved in the near future.
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