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Natural Resources and Economic Growth: A Meta-Analysis
Havránek, Tomáš ; Horváth, Roman ; Zeynalov, Ayaz
An important question in development studies is how natural resource richness affects long-term economic growth. No consensus answer, however, has yet emerged, with approximately 40% of empirical papers finding a negative effect, 40% finding no effect, and 20% finding a positive effect. Does the literature taken together imply the existence of the so-called natural resource curse? In a quantitative survey of 402 estimates reported in 33 studies, we find that the effect of natural resources on growth is very small when potential publication bias and method heterogeneity are taken into account. Our results also suggest that three aspects of study design are especially effective in explaining the differences in results across studies: 1) including an interaction between natural resources and institutional quality, 2) controlling for the level of investment activity, and 3) distinguishing between different types of natural resources.
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Economic aspects of the global population development in the eyes of proponents and critics of TR Malthus
Zelinka, Jan ; Štekláč, Jiří (advisor) ; Maialeh, Robin (referee)
Discussions regarding resources depletion and populations are currently at the forefront of society. Against each other are standing groups of supporters and groups of critics of Thomas Malthus. The objective of this thesis is economic analysis of threats and benefits of the current population development with regard to theories of both groups. To the solution is used statistical data of the World Bank, through which it assesses the situation in selected countries and in the world. Nowadays dominates critic's opinions rather, which are pointing to the improving condition of the planet. Population growth has slowed down in recent years and the population is close to its peak, which would open possibilities for increasing human capital, which is the most important resource that we have. Ensuring the growth of human capital has the potential to provide solving future problems related to the lack of existing natural resources.
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Importance of LNG in the Global Economy and its Geopolitical Impacts
Vaidišová, Kateřina ; Vošta, Milan (advisor) ; Kašpar, Václav (referee)
The Master thesis "Importance of LNG in the Global Economy and its Geopolitical Impacts" describes the market with liquefied natural gas and the importance of developing this technology for the global energy market. It analyzes the LNG market and compares it with other energy markets and other energy commodities, especially in terms of financial costs associated with shipping. Also captures the historical context and predictions that accompanied the development of LNG. It focuses on the impact of LNG on isolated gas prices in various regional markets. The thesis also deals with the impact of geopolitical development of LNG. As is reflected in the issue of energy security. Describes who profits from the LNG boom, what threatens other producers of energy resources LNG and how it will develop in the future market.
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Civil War Phenomenon
Dushtakov, Aleksey ; Matějka, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Druláková, Radka (referee)
The research issue of this diploma thesis is a civil war. The main aim is to uncover mechanisms that form a logical chain reasons - mechanisms - indicators. The work is composed of a theoretical research and 2 case studies (Sudan, Georgia). A list of general indicators of CW is included. Our of a comples analysis of a civil war there's a main emphasis on previous context and reasons.
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Central Asian Economies in the Triangle of Relations among Russia - China - European Union
Tomčová, Ivana ; Cihelková, Eva (advisor) ; Hnát, Pavel (referee)
Central Asia is a region located between Europe and Asia, which gained sovereignty after the dissolution of the Soviet Union. In the first decade of independence all the countries had to deal with many problems within the states and were not interesting areas for foreign partners. But the situation has changed at the beginning of the new century, when the world faced the question of energy security and the thread of terroristic attacks from the neighborhood of Central Asia. Rich natural resources and key location of this region attracted global players as Russia, China or European Union. They started creating cooperation ties in many areas with Central Asian countries. The goal of this thesis is to describe the evolution and analyze the current state of mutual relations. Moreover to analyze weak and strong points of Central Asian economies and characterize problematic and perspective areas of cooperation, from which involved countries can benefit.
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Does Russia suffer from Dutch disease?
Zanikov, Konstantin ; Babin, Jan (advisor) ; Čermáková, Klára (referee)
The aim of this bachelor thesis is to determine, whether we can detect symptoms of the so-called Dutch disease in the case of Russia. The Dutch disease is a concept, which tries to explain why countries possessing vast amounts of natural resources register relatively slower rates of economic growth -- a phenomenon known as the paradox of plenty. The Dutch disease is present in the economy in the form of the following symptoms: the real appreciation of the exchange rate, the growth of a non-traded economic sector, the growth of real wages and the decline of the manufacturing sector. In the case of Russia I can confirm the absolute presence of the first two and the partial presence of the third one. In the section concerning econometrics I constructed a model, which describes and analyzes the Russian real effective exchange rate. The prices of oil, the reserves of the central bank and the Balassa-Samuelson effect were proven to be significant. From the perspective of the country's de-industrialization, however, we cannot claim, that Russia "suffers" from Dutch disease.
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The conflict in Aceh and its international context
Formánková, Petra ; Havlová, Radka (advisor) ; Kochan, Jan (referee)
The bachelor thesis focuses on the conflict in Aceh, one of the provinces in Indonesia. The thesis studies the historical context of the conflict, its causes, development and resolution. Attention is given especially to the role of Islam, ethnicity, natural resources (mainly natural gas) and the tsunami disaster. Further the thesis evaluates the international context and the influence of international actors on the course and ending of the conflict.
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Exploitation of Sub-Saharan Africa: Myth, or reality?
Rychetský, Petr ; Kotýnková, Magdalena (advisor) ; Procházka, Pavel (referee)
The aim of this work is to analyse the amount of wealth that annually leaves Sub-Saharan Africa. The theoretical part introduces individual theoretical concepts that are involved in the work's topic. In practical part, there is given a space at first to the quantification of the very amount that leaves Sub-Saharan states every year. Furthermore, the size of this wealth is measured with regard to the economic character and the level of development of individual countries. Measured is also the origin of that money according to the different industries. The work answers the question, which reasons stand behind the fact, that Sub-Saharan region sends annually not-negligible wealth to the rest of the world. This work shows that there is a direct proportion between nation's wealth and the size of money leaving the country, represented by the gap between GDP and GNI. This is caused by foreign investments, which stand behind the economic development, however the revenues usually go into rich countries outside Africa. The least loss of wealth is therefore recorded from the poorest states, whereas countries most affected by the wealth loss are usually richer and heavily dependent upon natural resources mining.
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Comparsion of China-Sudan and China-Nigeria relations
Procházková, Jiřina ; Havlová, Radka (advisor) ; Knotková, Vladimíra (referee)
This thesis is an analysis of the bi-lateral relations between Peoples Republic of China and Federal Republic of Nigeria and the relations between Peoples Public of China and Republic of Sudan. The thesis will explain the changes with the international relationships that have occured over time caused by the evolving position of, not only China, but also Sudan and Nigeria. The thesis defines economic, political and security dimension of international relations and their advances connected with the development of international community. Furthermore, it analyses the position of Sudan and Nigeria in international relations, the evolution of their bi-lateral relations with China and the current state of those relations, where the thesis applies the phenomena defined in the first chapter. In conclusion, it compares the similarities and differences between the relations of China and Nigeria and China and Sudan to find the answer to the question, whether the international position of the both Nigeria and Sudan have an influence on Chinese foreign policy towards them.
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Clash of interests of great powers in the region of Central Asia
Hostová, Slavomíra ; Maslowski, Nicolas (advisor) ; Knotková, Vladimíra (referee)
The Central Asia region, that once used to be condemned for a period of time, is now a golden target of the world leaders because of its natural resources so essential for the world. This attempt to get the access to important energies could cause worries about The New great game in Central Asia to many people. The aim of this thesis is to compare the power leadership of four world leaders, Russia, China, the USA and the EU, based on their hard and soft power in Central Asia region and to investigate the possible clash of interests of these countries quoting The New great game, Huntington's theory of Clash of civilisations and Brzezinski's Great Chessboard. At the very end of the theses there is an agreement of their interests, which would bring the answer to the negative assumptions and worries about the development of competition of the great powers in Central Asia.
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