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Significance of the formalisation of the conception of the roman citizen for the development of roman law
Falada, David ; Skřejpek, Michal (advisor) ; Bělovský, Petr (referee) ; Židlická, Michaela (referee)
As a pre-requisite for the Roman law to come into existence, a community of people had first to emerge; a community identifying itself vis-à-vis its surroundings. Legal norms that came into being in such community, rather simple legal norms at the time of their hypothetical origin, were gradually developed in line with the development of such community throughout the times. The outcome is an elaborated system of Roman law that communicates with us even today. The presented paper endeavours to shed some light at some profound aspects of the formation of the Roman nation on its road to the definition of the Roman citizenship. In the case of the Romans we cannot use simple definition features, such as the language (as the Latin language was shared by other peoples of the ancient Italy) or the religion (as the ancient polytheism intertwined various cultures of the given times) or a territory. The paper offers views into the combinations of the Roman culture with those other ancient cultures that shared numerous aspects with it and that had a formatting effect on it. It also addresses the role of the religion in the formatting process of the original Roman society. The result is an attempt for a definition of the Roman nation, i.e. the personal area serving the creation and development of the Roman law...
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Access to Justice in Environmental Matters
Bernard, Michal ; Damohorský, Milan (advisor) ; Smolek, Martin (referee) ; Sobotka, Michal (referee)
The aim of this work on Access to Justice in Environmental Matters is to describe possibilities of access of natural and legal persons to the judicial protection of the environment in the Czech Republic. Judicial protection is an important element of ensuring the right to favourable environment. To ensure effective environmental protection and the rights of individuals to the favourable environment, it is necessary to ensure the widest possible access of natural and legal persons to public authorities and courts claiming the illegality of decisions, acts and omissions of public authorities or third parties. Broad judicial protection of the right to favourable environment is necessary and indispensable part of democratic system and a prerequisite for the functioning of basic human rights in practice. This work must first address the question of substantive legal right to favourable environment -its content and range of entities to which this fundamental constitutional right belongs. Right to favourable environment means the right to an environment which is polluted below given limit. Thus, on environmental polluted and stressed as a consequences of human activities, including the introduction of physical, chemical or biological agents emissions and agents in extent to which the legal regulations on...
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The position of judicial guards in the integrated rescue systém.
ČULÍK, Jan
The priority is to protect human life and health at present. For this reason it's necessary that cooperation of IRS components tooks place at the highest level. The IRS is cooperation of all its components, including judicial officers as part of the Prison Service of the Czech Republic, ie armed security force and basic IRS. I am interested in the issue, how can and if a judicial guard somehow work with the basic components of the IRS. The main task of the judicial guard is guarding and protection of the courts and the judiciary in the Czech Republic. During the writing the thesis when I quoted from the emergency preparedness plans of all possible emergencies that may appear on the district courts I had various ideas and scenarios in my head. What exactly to do, how to react,how all the other members or employees of the court would react. And, of course, how we would cooperate with the Fire Brigade, Ambulance Service and Police of the Czech Republic (CR). For the above reasons, I have set the main aim, ie to determine the scope of cooperation between the judicial guards and the components of IRS. To define the different types of emergencies, to characterize individual procedures and IRS measures aimed at preventing the emergence and spread of harmful forces and phenomena. I want to achieve the goal by studying the legislation related to the topic, studying coordination agreements and by my personal analysis. To determine the main objectives of the work which is the scope of cooperation, I use short questionnaires dealt among nine commanders of local judicial security units in South Bohemia. They have all been in office relatively long time so there is a presumption that the questions are answered according to their previous experience. I put approximately ten to twelve questions into the questionnaire. I ask the commanders a few supplementary oral questions to find out what emergency mostly occur, what was the most extraordinary event and how their electronic alarm systems and fire alarm systems function. Then the questions are processed according to given answers. By other study of co-ordination agreements, if any, I will learn their content. After a complete analysis of the collected data I compare the results with set hypothesis. The only cooperation on the basis of cooperation agreement is signed between JG and Police. If they request assistance of patrol police patrol, and it occurs on average four times to twelve times in a year, which is not common. As shown by the results of the investigation, cooperation with the police is the most common. It is followed by cooperation with the medical rescue service. Two-thirds of the commanders said they use the support once to three times a year, in one case was ever used. At least with working with the fire brigade. Again, two thirds commanders said they support using once to three times a year, but three commanders did not use it in any case. Fortunately, information from the interviews revealed that in most cases there occur incidents such as guard minor assault, petty theft, and assistance in disorder and the identification of persons, notices imposing explosives, failure of safety systems, fall of the snow from roofs or health problems requiring medical treatment. Large-scale emergencies are rare. That does not mean that they can not occur. We must be ready for them as well. The contents of crisis documentation are good, although some of the procedureand measures would be appropriate to update and modify with the detailed instructions. Judicial guard is required to follow them in case of emergency, content is sufficient and therefore I did not find any serious reason for them to be adopted for other legal standards. The cooperation between IRS and judicial officers is at a level that is sufficient to deal with small-scale emergencies.
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Zdeněk Kalista as a literary critic
Malínek, Vojtěch ; Heczková, Libuše (referee) ; Wiendl, Jan (advisor)
Zdeněk Kalista bezesporu patří k nejvýraznějším osobnostem české vědy a kultury uplynulého století. Vyvíjel aktivní činnost v mnoha oblastech společenského života, meZI nimiž dominovala především historie a literatura. V širším povědomí veřejnosti je dnes zapsán nejspíše jako kulturní historik, který se specializoval především na oblast českých dějin a kultury doby barokní, v níž mnohá jeho díla můžeme i z dnešního hlediska hodnotit jako průkopnická a dosud platná. Komplikované životní osudy a nepřízeň doby způsobily, že k plnému zhodnocení Kalistova významu se česká historická věda pozvolna dobírá až dnes,l kdy řada jeho prací vychází vůbec poprvé? Na své definitivní zasazení do kontextu vývoje české literatury Kalista stále ještě čeká, byť část jeho působení v jejím rámci - Kalistova poezie z počátku dvacátých let - je alespoň v hrubých obrysech v základních pracích pro příslušné období reflektována. Tato diplomová práce by se měla zabývat působením Zdeňka Kalisty jako literárního kritika. Této stránce Kalistova působení však zatím nebyla věnována soustavnější pozornost, což může sice být vysvětlitelné dobovými okolnostmi,4 nicméně je nutné podotknout, že bez zkoumání jeho literárněkritického působení zůstává Kalistův obraz nutně neúplný. Alespoň kvantitativně totiž představuje literární kritika hlavní...
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Filling foreign language teaching posts
Baudyš, Jiří ; Sršňová, Šárka (referee) ; Kocianová, Renata (advisor)
Snad nikdo nepochybuje o velkém významu znalosti cizích jazyků nejen pro výkon mnoha povolání, ale i z hlediska dalšího všestranného rozvoje osobnosti. V době hledání nové kvalitativní dimenze zapojení české společnosti do širšího evropského a světového rámce je zřejmý i aspekt kulturně politický. V úvahu je také nutné vzít přání Evropské unie, aby se každý občan Evropy uměl dorozumět alespoň dvěma dalšími jazyky kromě jazyka mateřského. Zajistit potřebnou úroveň jazykového vzdělávání a jeho prohlubování či rozšiřování na další populační skupiny vyžaduje využít znalostí a dovedností dostatečného počtu náležitě kvalifikovaných učitelů. Současný stav bývá hodnocen jako neuspokojivý. Česká školní inspekce hlásí trvalý nedostatek aprobovaných učitelů cizích jazyků. Účinnost mimořádného opatření, které umožňuje vyučovat cizí jazyk i neaprobovaným učitelům, sice končí v červnu 2006, avšak podle vyjádření Jaroslavy Delišové z odboru základního vzdělávání MŠMT bude navrženo jeho prodloužení do roku 2009 (Šteflová, 2006, s. 10). Zužovat problematiku obsazování míst učitelů cizích jazyků na otázky získávání a výběru náležitě vzdělaných expertů by jistě bylo nesmírně krátkozraké. Každý si jistě vybaví alespoň několik učitelů, kteří jej provázeli cestou za vzděláním. Snad všichni z nich měli "náležitou aprobaci", a...
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The Specifics of Interrogation of Minors
Földešová, Markéta ; Krupička, Jiří (advisor) ; Konrád, Zdeněk (referee)
This thesis deals with interrogation of minors in course of criminal proceedings. In particular, the aim of the thesis is to basically describe differences between interrogations of minors and interrogation of adults categorised by individual procedural positions. The text focuses on interrogation of youngsters less than 18 years old in the position of witnesses. The thesis also discourses upon interrogation of minor perpetrators of criminal activity under the Juvenile Justice Act (in Czech zákon o soudnictví ve věcech mládeže) and takes into account provisions of the Criminal Victims Act (in Czech zákon o obětech trestných činů) focusing on right of interrogated victims on protection from secondary victimisation. The first chapter introduces point of view of individual branches of science in respect of the described topic of the thesis. The chapter determines fundamental terms used in the thesis, in particular the following terms: minor, interrogation and testimony. The characteristics of the possible procedural positions of minors follows, as the procedural position of the interrogated person strongly influences the choice of interrogation tactics. The second chapter summarises psychological findings about peculiarities of psyche of minors, its development and specific psychological factors which...
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Active labour market policy of Czech Republic and Slovak Republic
Onderko, Marek ; Adámek, Petr (advisor) ; Dobrylovský, Jiří (referee)
This thesis is concerned with increasing of employment through active labour market policy. It focuses on two countries - Czech Republic and Slovak Republic. Thesis describes theory of unemployment, it deals with historical base of labour market policy, as well as with particular actions of labour market policies of both considered countries. After that, main tools are analyzed, there are described advantages and disadvantages of particular actions, as well as whole active labour market policy approach. Recommendations for both countries are followed. Finally, thesis deals with European social fund.
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Studies and a career of Czech animator in terms of market economy
Kotlářová, Hana ; BUBENÍČEK, Jan (advisor) ; PAVLÁTOVÁ, Michaela (referee)
"Studies and a career of Czech animator in terms of market economy" answers all basic, practical questions that Czech animation student asks about his future career. It is an information link between school and practice. It delivers facts about current situation on Czech animation scene and presents practical skills which are necessary for setting up an animation career. The goal of a writer was to deliver undistorted information which might be surprisingly realistic or skeptic. Understanding these facts is fundamental, because readers should come up with their own solutions for their future jobs in animation. A broad topic contains information about film or artistic animation, commercial and comissioned jobs, internet animation, basics about animation studios, animation industry and economic aspects of a freelance work. It summaries a purpose of animation schools, including 10 commandments of a student aimed on practical skills to gain during studies.
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Management of gray water and rain water
Kocourková, Michaela ; Synáčková, Marcela (advisor) ; Renata, Renata (referee)
Evolution and advancements of human activity is unstoppable, still we should not forget about basic natural processes which proceed no matter how man can influence them. Water is one of the main constructors of life and is necessary for function of everything live on the planet Earth. It often is categorized among the inexhaustible resources, still there lacks enough drinkable water. It is consumption grows in recent years with fast development of cities.
It is the most important part of life on Earth and with urbanization and anthropogenic interference water is negatively affected and thus it is processes in nature. Interfering with water cycle makes for higher occurrences of droughts and floods, the quality of water streams suffers. Urban areas lack the surface where water could soak into the subsoil and underground water resources shrink. Through all these influences with which we affect natural water cycles the need for water and its consumption grows in our societies. For effective use of water comes up the idea of using not only the drinkable water but waste water and other types as well. Sources can be various, rain water, reused water.
The focal point of this thesis is to be the impetus of discussion concerning the use of rain water and directly cleaning and reusing the water which comes straight from our homes. Rain water fills up underground water resources and also could be used in place of potable water. Substituting the potable water in activities and industries where such a high quality water is not needed and could be easily replaced with grey water. Grey water, being the waste water that comes from our bathrooms, is easily cleaned and can be used for various necessities. Current state where the potable water is used in absolute majority of human life appears to be extremely wasteful and unecological. Use of grey water and rain water is a possibility of ecological and thrifty water management which could prevent environmental damages and save water resources for the next generations.
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Availability of social services for seniors in the Karlovarsky region now and in 50 years
Zelinka, Jan ; Kouřilová, Jana (advisor) ; Prudká, Šárka (referee)
Master thesis aims to evaluate the accessibility of social services in Karlovarsky region. The thesis is focused on the demographics of seniors and social services intended for them, specifically retirement homes. In addition to analyzing the accessibility of social services is elaborated demographic projection of region's population over the next 50 years. In the theoretical part is described the definition of social policy and the fundamental theoretical principles, types and functions. This part also describes the legislative framework of social policy in the Czech Republic. In relation to social policy are presented issues of community planning as a tool for the implementation of social policy in the Karlovarsky region. The conclusion of theoretical part is devoted to the theory of demographic projections and describes the basic projection methods. The practical part in the introduction focuses on general and demographic characteristics of the Karlovarsky region and the current state of social services for the elderly, specifically homes for the elderly. The second half of the practical part presents a demographic projection of region's population over the next 50 years and is focusing on senior component whose proportion in the population will increase. This projection is calculated by the component method without migration. The conclusion of the practical part is comparing the initial state of social services and the anticipated development of seniors. It also describes community plan in the Karlovarsky region with emphasis on the development of social services for seniors. Documents drawn up by the Karlovarsky region on issues of social services and conclusions of this thesis suggest that there is no need to increase capacity, but rather to focus on the change in the structure of users and ensure that these services are provided to people whose health condition really requires this kind of complex social care.
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