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Grice's Cooperative Principle in Relation to Leech's Politeness Principle
Belingerová, Tereza ; Pacovská, Jasňa (advisor) ; Adam, Robert (referee)
Grice's Cooperative principle in Relation to Leech's Politeness Principle Abstract: The purpose of this work is to confront the theoretical knowledge of the cooperative principle of H. P. Grice and the politeness principle of G. N. Leech with practical examples from the interviews of various communication situations. The work includes characteristic of both prinicples based od review of the literature and is issumpplemented by expert commentaries. Material for practical work contains excerpts from recordings of conversations in private and public situations. Subsequent analysis of records shows tendencies which normally appear in accepting and not accepting cooperative and politeness principle. The survey results showed a high level of violation of both mentioned principles. Key words: illocutionary act, implicature, cooperative principle, pragmatics, politeness principle, strategies of verbal communication
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Analysis of publicistic columns specifically focused on politically aimed commentary
Bejšáková, Sandra ; Kraus, Jiří (advisor) ; Klabíková Rábová, Tereza (referee)
Diploma thesis, Analysis of publicistic columns specifically focused on politically aimed commentary, treats of attitude of authors of publicistic columns about political parties or eventually to politicians. The aim of this work is to describe the ways and means of expressing authors use to formulate their position, focusing on these within Pravo's and Mladá fronta DNES's print-outs from January 2010 to June 2010 so mainly in months before the elections. The first part presents modern development of approach to language and text. That should elucidate how the pragmatic way of language examination has begun. In the practical part I applied the approach to language and text, as listed above, and I applied the pragmatic analysis. Qualitative analysis of publicistic columns examines inclination of authors to left-wing or right-wing parties, mostly to ODS or ČSSD. It is possible to deduce what authors criticize within the frame of the whole political situation. This work also examines, what means authors of publicistic articles use to profess affection or aversion to particular politician or political party. This diploma thesis forms compendium of publicistic texts in chosen journals and characterizes the conception which reflects their relation to politics.
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Integration of catch-phrases of Jara Cimrman's plays into the everyday communication
Průšová, Pavlína ; Rýparová, Dominika (advisor) ; Mareš, Petr (referee)
Integration of catch-phrases of Jara Cimrman's plays into the everyday communication This bachelor thesis deals with a usage of catch-phrases from the Jára Cimrman Theatre plays in the context of our everyday conversation. In the theoretical part it explains fundamental basic terms, discusses the communication in general, defines common conversation. Furthermore, the text discusses the comic and its forms and briefly introduces the Jára Cimrman Theatre and its unique poetics. In the end of this part are presented conclusions about knowledge of these catch-phrases among common Czech speakers. The research answers three questions: What was the trigger to use the catch-phrase? What was the speaker's intention? What kind of influence the catch-phrase had on the listeners and the situation as a whole? Research questions are answered based on the method of participant observation and the results have shown that the main triggers are similarity of the communicative situation, linked meanings of the situation in a play and in reality or specific use of words. Speaker's meaning is the most often to entertain the addressees or to downplay the situation. This usually corresponds with the real effect of the catch-phrase usage. However, very important role plays the knowledge of the plays of Jara Cimrman - the better...
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Semantic web in confrontation with Peirce's Semiotics
Řeháčková, Dana ; Pudlák, Štěpán (advisor) ; Švantner, Martin (referee)
The Semantic web was created for a purpose of conceptualization data available on the Internet. Through formalized representations, that are determined for data sharing and reusing, should have been its vision realized. Main aims of Semantic web are high exactness and relevance for searching question. The controversy and polysemy of the term "Semantic web" let us consider the question: "Where is the limit of involving semantic aspects provided on Semantic web?" Is it not only the amount of determinations of specific standards that are connected with data itself? The main aim of this thesis is the comparison of using terms on the Semantic web in semantic metadiscourse with traditional academic semiotics approaches appeared from pragmatic of Ch. S. Peirce, Ch. W. Morris and H. P. Grice. The thesis should help with mapping the problematic area that is connected with using terms like "meaning" and "understanding" and clarify the possibilities of the function of the Semantic web based on the semiotics conceptions.
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Commented translation
Rajsigl, Tomáš ; Kotásek, Miroslav (referee) ; Smutný, Milan (advisor)
Bakalářská práce se zabývá překladem odborného textu z časopisu Energo zaměřeného na elektrotechniku, konkrétně obor energetiky. Ze vzniklého textu je vytvořen komentář za účelem analýzy rozdílů mezi originálem a překladem. Součástí je diskuze o přenosu informací, kohezi textu, terminologii a lokalizaci. V práci je také část věnovaná podrobnostem odborného stylu.
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Persuasion in political discourse: a contrastive analysis
GRABMÜLLEROVÁ, Martina
The aim of this Master's thesis is to analyse the means of persuasion in Czech and Spanish texts of political discourse. The thesis is divided into a theoretical part and a practical part. The first chapter of the theoretical part is focused on the pragmatics. The second chapter deals with the discourse and the specific characteristics of political language. In the last chapter of the theoretical part we introduce the term of persuasion and afterwards we describe the linguistic means of persuasion in political discourse. The practical part is focused on the proper research conducted on the basis of the selected sample of Czech and Spanish political texts. The result of this thesis is a comparison of the data obtained from the analysis between the above mentioned languages. The thesis is finally summarized in Spanish résumé.
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Alteration: Diminutives and Augmentatives in Contemporary Italian
DRAŠAROVÁ, Lenka
This thesis deals with alteration: diminutives and augmentatives in contemporary Italian, and their pragmatic functions. The aim of this thesis is to create a list of diminutives and augmentatives used in Italian fiction. The analysis of expressions is based on the texts contained in InterCorp. The starting point is a theoretical introduction to the word formation with special attention to alterative suffixes in Italian and Czech language, with a partial comparison to Spanish. The thesis also concentrates on hypocorisms, phonological and suffixal restrictions, and lexicalization of alteratives. An integral part is the chapter dedicated to pragmatics, speech acts theory and pragmatic use of alterative suffixes. The results of this thesis represent concrete illustrations for various communication situations documented from corpus.
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Pragmatic Markers in Spanish, Types and Frequency
HARTVICHOVÁ, Iva
The objective of this thesis is to examine which types of pragmatic markers are represented in coloquial Spanish and establish the frequency they occur wiht in native and nonnative speakers. Further, a systematical description of ten most frequent markers in native and nonnative speakers is included and examples of their use based on the transcription are shown. The author bases her work mainly on linguistic studies focused on pragmatic markers and coloquial Spanish ? on the studies of José Portolés Lázaro and María Antonia Martín Zorraquino and Antonio Briz in particular. The author emanates from Lázaro and Zorraquino?s classification, characterists and use of pragmatic markers. The practical part focuses on the differences in use of pragmatic markers between native and nonnative speakers and examines the frequency and representation of particular types of markers in coloquial Spanish.
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Role diskurzních markerů v bezprostřední neformální konverzaci rodilých a nerodilých mluvčích
SOMMEROVÁ, Petra
The thesis is focused on the study of discourse markers in English informal language. The main corpus includes seven face-to-face conversations of native and non-native speakers and serves as the basis for the research. At first, necessary linguistic terms are defined. Then, the corpus and speakers{\crq} characteristics are presented. The practical part concerns frequency, different functions and positions of particular discourse markers. The factors which might influence the possible choice of discourse markers and its motivation are focused on. Attention is also paid to the frequency of discourse markers used by the class of non-native speakers who were divided to the sub-classes of pre-intermediate, intermediate and advanced. The work further observes co-occurrence of the markers and ambiguous expressions that are not easily distinguishable. Finally, the results of the research are interpreted and analyzed.
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