|
Application of Pd-Catalyzed Reactions to the Synthesis of Lactones
Šnajdr, Ivan ; Pour, Milan (advisor) ; Kotora, Martin (referee) ; Opletalová, Veronika (referee)
Within the framework of this Thesis, a method fot the preparation of 3,6- disubstituted pyranones was developed and 15 final lactones were synthesized, and their cytostatic and antifungal activity was investigated. Principal steps in the preparation of the compounds were Yamaguchi-Hirao alkylation, hydroalumination followed by iodation and Pd- catalyzed carbonylative lactonization. None of the target compounds displayed interesting cytostatic or antifungal activity (IC50 < 10 μmol/L), which was suprising given the significant antifungal activity of analogous butenolides. The development of the synthesis of 3- monosubstituted pyranones is described next. Our strategy is based on the use of 5,6-dihydro-2H- pyran-2-one as the starting material, which was converted into the 3-iodo-5,6-dihydro-2H- pyran-2-one in one step. The key step of the synthesis was Pd-catalyzed Suzuki coupling. Finally, the preparation of α- and β-substituted-γ-alkylidenepentenolides is described. The target compounds exhibited significant cytostatic activity (IC50 < 5 μmol/L) against all tested tumor cells (CCRF-CEM, HeLa S3, HT 29, HL 60, L 1210).
|
|
The Foundation and Origin of the Joint-stock Company
Blahouš, Lukáš ; Kalinová, Miluše (advisor) ; Kříž, Radim (referee)
The bachelor's work deals with the foundation and origin of the joint stock company. In the introduction there are stated the necessities of the founding document and the two methods of the foundation of the joint stock company - the foundation with the public offer of shares and foundation without the public offer of shares. In the next chapter the process of submission of the proposal for registration of the joint stock company to the Commercial Register and the origin of the joint stock company are described. The example of the foundation of existing joint stock company is mentioned at the end of the work.
|
|
New groups of potential antituberculotics with thioxo group
Husáková, Petra ; Waisser, Karel (advisor) ; Kolář, Karel (referee)
. ENGLISH ABSTRACT In the rigorous thesis are described the influence of replacement oxo group for thioxo group in the series of halogenated 3-(4-ethylphenyl)benzoxazine-2,4(3H)-diones and 6-chloro-3- (4-butylphenyl)benzoxazine-2,4(3H)-dione. The starting ethyl (or butyl) salicylanilides were synthesis from substituted salicylic acid and ethyl (or butyl) aniline in toluene by the presence of phosphorus trichloride. (The set of halogenated salicyl acids compounds: 4-chloro-, 5-chloro-, 5- bromo- and 3,5-dibromosalicylic acid). The halogenated 4'-ethylsalicylanilides were reacted in dry pyridine with methyl-chloroformiate to form 3-(4-ethylphenyl)benzoxazine-2,4(3H)-diones. Similar were prepared 6-chloro-3-(4-butylphenyl)benzoxazine-2,4(3H)-diones. The mixture of 3- (4-ethyphenyl)-4-thioxo-2H-1,3-benzoxazine-2(3H)-one and 3-(4-ethylphenyl)-2H-1,3- benzoxazine-2,4(3H)-dithione was prepared by the reaction of the halogenated 3-(4- ethylphenyl)- 2H-1,3-benzoxazine-2,4(3H)-diones with phosphorus pentasulfide. The products were separated by chromatography. The 3-(4-ethylphenyl)-6-chloro-4-thioxo-2H-1,3- benzoxazine-2(3H)-ones and 6-chloro-3-(4-ethylphenyl)-2H-1,3-benzoxazine-2,4(3H)-dithiones were prepared by similar way. The compounds were tested in vitro for antimycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium...
|
|
Vysoké školy v regionech
Hrabánková, Petra ; Krbová, Jana (advisor) ; Čejp, Vlastimil (referee)
(The importance of universities for the development of regions, possible benefits and risks) In the framework of this thesis, the present state of Czech university education system will be described in the opening chapter. After defining the methodology of research, the relation between universities and the particular regions will be analysed and possible forms of cooperation described. Within the investigation the level of cooperation between universities and companies in the region Hradec Králové will be evaluated, based on outcome of the research problematic areas of cooperation defined and steps toward future effective cooperation proposed.
|
|
Impact of tax policy on the economy
Reznák, Pavel ; Hodžic, Faris (advisor) ; Hodzic, Faris (referee)
The topic of my thesis is the impact of tax policy on the economy. My aim is to show the influence of different tax policies on the macroeconomic indicators. The 1st part of the thesis describes 2 different tax systems currently used in Europe. Second part deals with tax competition and harmonization, the topic is looked at from both practical and theoretical points of view. There is a description of the established laws, those aiming at tax harmonization. The theoretical part deals with positive and negative approaches to these particular points at issue. The current tax situation in Europe is depicted in this part showing tax laws both those already coordinated and those that are in the process of stagnation. The third part is analysis of tax policy impact on the economic growth, economic standard and employment figures. Taken into account are various approaches to taxation and their impact on macroeconomics indicators.
|
|
Synthesis of tetrapyridoporphyrazines with potential photodynamic activity
Vavrečková, Magda ; Zimčík, Petr (advisor) ; Kučerová, Marta (referee)
Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Drug Control Candidate Magda Vavrečková Supervisor Doc. PharmDr. Petr Zimčík, Ph.D. Title of Thesis Synthesis of tetrapyridoporphyrazines with potential photodynamic activity Substituted tetrapyridoporphyrazines represent new structural type of potential photosensitizers with interesting properties for application in photodynamic therapy. The aim of this work was to synthesize two types of tetrapyridoporphyrazines with hydrophilic substituents as potential photosensitizers. Photosensitizers are substances with an ability to produce singlet oxygen after activation by light. Singlet oxygen is the key toxic species in photodynamic therapy. 2-Chloro-5,6-dimethylpyridine-3,4-dicarbonitrile (1) was prepared in the first step by condensation of tetracyanoethylene and butan-2-one. In the next step, a hydrophilic substituent was attached by nucleophilic substitution. The first precursor was prepared by reaction of compound 1 with 2-mercaptoethanol in the presence of sodium hydroxide. Similarly, the second precursor was obtained by reaction of compound 1 with diethylaminoethanol in the presence of sodium hydride. The third step involved cyclotetramerization with magnesium butoxide as...
|
|
Narrative strategies in Albert Camus novels
Brýlová, Markéta ; Voldřichová - Beránková, Eva (advisor) ; Pohorský, Aleš (referee)
Existuje jistě mnoho způsobů, jak přistupovat k dílu Alberta Camuse, jednoho z nejuznávanějších francouzských spisovatelů 20. století. Řada prací byla věnována přínosu jeho díla filozofického, hojné jsou studie zabývající se tématikou a imaginativní složkou jeho díla románového, nemalé úsilí bylo vynaloženo i na kvanti tati vní analýzy Camusova "slovníku" ... 1 Každá z řádek jeho díla byla opsána a okomentována nesčetněkrát. Nabízí se otázka, má-li vůbec smysl přidávat touto diplomovou prací k tunám papíru, který byl popsán ve snaze osvětlit Camusovo dílo filozofické i literární řadou fundovaných literárních kritiků, lingvistů, filozofů, psychoanalytiků, sociologů, něj aké to deko navíc. Na obhaj obu tohoto počinu uveďme alespoň dva základní důvody, proč se nám zdá být naše diplomová práce opodstatněná. Prvním důvodem je skutečnost, že se v českém prostředí věnuje tomuto autorovi menší pozornost, než by zasluhoval. Jestliže v zahraničí, především pak ve francouzském a anglofonním prostředí, doprovází Camusovo dílo neutuchající zájem, mezi jehož projevy patří i rozsáhlá publikační činnost, v Čechách, zdá se, počet studií věnovaných tomuto autorovi přece jen zůstává pozadu. Pro ilustraci uveďme prostý fakt, že za posledních 40 let byly na půdě románských studií FF UK věnovány Albertu Camusovi pouhé tři...
|
|
Study of luminescence of semiconductor nanostructures accrued
Neudert, Karel
This diploma thesis deals with luminescence of silicon nanocrystals prepared by ion-implantation method. Samples have been characterized by time integrated spectroscopy. Time-resolved measurements were also done. We observed two-component photoluminescence with a great difference in decay times. Stretched-exponential decay of the slower one (s) was observed, described and compared to works of other authors. Great attention was paid to nonlinearities of the faster luminescence component ( 100ps) which were obtained by 532nm excitation. We suggested two-photon or two-step excitation model and new experiment to resolve this problem.
|
|
Budgetary allocation of taxes
Suja, Ladislav ; Sedmihradská, Lucie (advisor) ; Hovorka, Petr (referee)
Considering the constant growth of expenditures of the local budgets, there is an increase of their income allocated through shared taxes. This bachelor thesis aims to find out how the two justice principles are fulfilled and which of them predominates in given situations. An important step towards achieving the results is the analysis of income in case of the value added tax and the income tax. The thesis focuses on the year 2014 and derives from the amendment to the Act concerning the tax assignment law (2013). The analysis showed that a profit principle is preferred among all the taxes, concerning valued added tax the most.
|
|
The evaluation of the beer market in the Czech Republic
Hradilová, Jana ; Regnerová, Olga (advisor) ; Zdeněk, Zdeněk (referee)
Diploma thesis, entitled "The evaluation of the beer market in the Czech Republic", focuses on the analysis of beer market, the evaluation of current situation and recommendations to market participant. In the first part of this thesis, the literature review, are explained concepts related to the market, the business environment and the analysis of micro and macro environment. There can be also found definition of beer and the history of brewing industry. There are also adduced the types of beer and the development and actual state of tax conditions. The second section describes the basic characteristics containing production, consumption, export, import and the price of beer. There are specified protective certified brands of origin and quality and actual and potential market participants. Next part deals with the STEP analysis and Porter´s model. Based on the information obtained from the analytical section of this thesis are created proposals and recommendations to breweries for next steps.
|
guest ::
