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Možnosti využití aditivních látek ve výživě hospodářských zvířat
KRICNEROVÁ, Zuzana
This thesis deals with the possibilities of the use of additives in livestock nutrition, their classification and characteristics. It is mainly focused on the characteristics of selected groups of zootechnical additives. These substances are added to feed and it is described their use and effect on different kinds of animals.
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Immobilization of protein macromolecules onto polymer carriers: An overview
Badalcová, Helena ; Holas, Ondřej (advisor) ; Svačinová, Petra (referee)
Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of: Pharmaceutical Technology Consultant: PharmDr. Ondřej Holas, Ph.D. Student: Helena Badalcová Title of Thesis: Immobilization of protein macromolecules onto polymer carriers: An overview Since the 70s, the immobilised enzymes have been getting the attention of not only scientific and laboratory workers, but also industrial companies. Enzymes are unique biocatalysts, which are distinguished by their specificity, environment-friendliness and the ability to react under mild conditions can be easily subject of denaturation or inhibition. With regard to the usually high cost of purchase, the use of these enzymes could often be disadvantageous. Immobilization techniques offer an efficient solution to this problem and greatly simplify the use of enzymes in industry and research. Compared to the free forms, immobilized enzymes show greater activity, stability and allow repeated use as well as easier separation from products. This thesis contains an overview of the basic methods of immobilization - physical absorption and covalent bonds to the carrier, entrapment, encapsulation and carrier- free techniques using cross-linking. Finally, we outline possible biomedical applications as well as the use of immobilised enzymes in biosensors.
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Možnosti využití doplňkových látek ve výživě zvířat
ŠIMKOVÁ, Romana
The thesis deals with the use of feed additives in the livestock nutrition. It is focused on the influence of additives on the production, safety and rules of their utilisation in feed. The groups of additives and concrete ways of their usage for particular species and age categories are described there.
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Detection of Enzymes in Metagenomic Data
Smatana, Stanislav ; Martínek, Tomáš (referee) ; Hon, Jiří (advisor)
This thesis presents specification and implementation of a system for detection of enzymes in metagenomic data. The detection is based on a provided enzyme sequence and its goal is to search the metagenomic sample for its novel variants. In order to guarantee that found enzymes truly have the desired catalytic function, the system employs a number of catalytic function verification methods. Their specification, implementation and evaluation is one of the main contributions of this thesis. Experiments have shown, that proposed methods reach sensitivity as high as 89%, specificity of 95%, values of AUC metric above 0.9 and average throughput of 1,203 verifications per second on regular personal computer. Evaluation of the system also led to discovery of a partial sequence of novel haloalkane dehalogenase enzyme in a metagenomic sample from soil. The implementation is able to work on a personal computer as well as on a grid computing environment.
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Protein macromolecules immobilization onto polymer carriers
Šitnerová, Michaela ; Holas, Ondřej (advisor) ; Ondrejček, Pavel (referee)
Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of: Pharmaceutical Technology Consultant: PharmDr. Ondřej Holas, Ph.D. Student: Michaela Šitnerová Title of Thesis: Protein macromolecules immobilization onto polymer carriers Enzymes are unique biocatalysts because of their properties. They are highly specific, selective and functional even under mild reaction conditions. The method of immobilization is used to increase their operational stability, activity and possible reuse. This process allows the wide use of enzymes in industry, for example in the food industry, analytical chemistry, chemical synthesis and in the pharmaceutical industry. The aim of my thesis was immobilized enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) on the surface pellets of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC). Used method was simple sorption, immobilization using glutaraldehyde, and TEMPO oxidation using MCC. Well known Ellman's method served to measure the activity of AChE. The absorbance of the solution with the immobilized AChE was measured spectrophotometrically at 412 nm.
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Activity of hydrolytic enzymes in process of prodution of biogas
Kolouchová, Kristýna ; Tesařová, Eva (advisor) ; Kopečný, Jan (referee)
In this work, the activities of hydrolytic enzymes, functioning in the hydrolytic stage of the production of biogas, have been determined. The activities of -amylase, -xylanase, and -glucosidase have been measured in five samples collected from the following steps of biogas production:. cow dung from the adjacent cowshed, cow manure from the homogenization tank for dosing biogas plant, digester sludge from the outside biogas fermenter, degister sludge from the inside biogas fermenter, and sludge of digestate from digestate tank. Samples for measurement of enzyme activities were provided by agricultural biogas station AGRI FAIR in Deštná, which uses for biogas production cow manure and corn silage The activities of hydrolytic enzymes in the production of biogas are crucial, because degradability of feed material is the limiting factor. Activity of a amylase had highest value in cow dung and cow manure due to food containing high levels of starch. In subsequent phases falls evenly. In the indoor digester and digestate is already depleted substrate and the activity is at zero level. Its activity is almost three times higher than - glycosidase in cow dung and cow manure, but in the last three stages of -glycosidase activity exceeds amylase and its value is nearly stable. -xylanase has...
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Study of Biomolecular Interactions with Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensors
Šípová, Hana ; Homola, Jiří (advisor) ; Houska, Milan (referee) ; Skládal, Petr (referee)
Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors represent one of the most advanced sensing technologies for real-time studies of biomolecular interactions. In this thesis, methods for functionalization of SPR substrates were optimized and studied via spectroscopic methods. Effects related to the SPR sensor microfluidic interface on the measured biomolecular interactions were analyzed, and furthermore, means to decrease mass-transport limitations were proposed. Several SPR-based assays regarding the detection of nucleic acids were developed, which allow for the detection of physiologically relevant concentrations of nucleic acids as well as point mutations in a nucleic acid sequence. Assays for the determination of the enzymatic activity of HIV integrase and ribonuclease H were developed. These assays can be employed for the design and synthesis of molecules that function either as antiviral drugs or as gene-regulating agents.
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Cold adaptation mechanisms in microorganisms
Dřízhalová, Marie ; Nedbalová, Linda (advisor) ; Kvíderová, Jana (referee)
On our planet there are vast areas, where the average temperature does not exceed 5 řC. They are also many places, where the temperature often drops below zero. Not every living organism is able to live in these conditions. The ability to survive in cold region and succefully colonize, such presumably adverse environment requires particular evolutionary adaptation. Adaptation to cold environments has evolved independently in different phylogenetic groups. In low temperature environments, organisms has to adapt in a complex way to be able to permanently inhabit these habitats. Since the analysis of cold adaptation in all organisms is a very complex topic, this thesis is focused on microorganisms. Within this group, it is possible to find certain, which are repeated also in unrelated taxa. The general mechanisms include changes in membrane composition, shifts of enzyme temperature optima, production of compounds that prevent the negative effects of low temperature or the formation of resting stages. This thesis summarizes the mechanisms of cold adaptation which have evolved in microorganisms as response to a long-term or temporary survival at low temperatures. Their potential biotechnological applications are also mentioned. keywords: psychrophilic, psychrotolerant, cold adaptation, enzymes,...
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