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Utilization of general rhythm metrics for differentiation of Slovak English from Slovak and English
Kaprál, Jakub ; Volín, Jan (advisor) ; Klégr, Aleš (referee)
The purpose of the present thesis is to analyze Slovak English from the perspective of speech rhythm in relation to its native (Slovak) and target (English) language. The first part contains theoretical background for the study of language rhythm, history of its research, and describes rhythmically relevant features of English and Slovak phonetic systems. It is concluded by summary of rhythmical differences between the two languages and hypotheses are proposed. The experimental part uses rhythm metrics for determination of phonetic properties of rhythm in Slovak English. It is based on recordings of one English and two Slovak representative radio reporters along with six recordings of Slovak students of English studies. The rhythm metrcis results for Slovak English closely approximate the results for native English but due to inconsistency of the results the question of aplicability of rhythm metrics to L1, let alone L2, remains open. Keywords: Slovak English, speech rhythm, rhythm metrics, prosody, second language acquisition
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Low-Resource Neural Machine Translation
Filo, Denis ; Fajčík, Martin (referee) ; Jon, Josef (advisor)
This thesis deals with neural machine translation (NMT) for low-resource languages. The goal was to evaluate current techniques by using the experiments and suggest their improvements. The translation systems in this thesis used the neural network transformer architecture and were trained by the Marian framework. The selected language pairs were Slovak with Croatian and Slovak with Serbian. The subjects of the experiments were the transfer learning techniques and semi-supervised learning.
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Czech and Slovak laskonka 'a kind of sweet dessert'
Boček, Vít
In the paper, Czech laskonka ‘a kind of sweet dessert’ is explained as a result of the shortening of the word laskomin(k)a ‘appetite, desire‘, ‘delicacy, dainty’, which goes back to Common Slavonic *oskomina, probably an Early Romance loanword.
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Czech and Slovak Contact Lexical Phenomena in Their Metalanguage Reflection (text corpus-based)
Gajdošová, Katarína ; Nábělková, Mira (advisor) ; Hoffmannová, Jana (referee) ; Slančová, Daniela (referee)
The present work focuses on metalanguage comments in Slovak and Czech texts. The comments occur together with contact-induced phenomena employed by both languages and can be identified in text fragments, such as Áno, taký som aj ostanem, lebo vraj starého psa novým kouskúm nenaučíš - ako hovoria bratia Česi / Nebyl jsem schopen jídla, ale lemtal jsem vodu "ani ťava", jak říkají bratia Slováci. The given issue is presented in the context of research focusing on the non-theoretic (folk, naive) metalinguistic reflection. The usage of metalanguage comments, accompanying deliberately contact-induced phenomena, is a testament to the existence of the Czech-Slovak and Slovak-Czech language contact and it clearly shows how Slovak and Czech language users intentionally employ words, multi-word units, idioms and other linguistic devices from the other language to fulfill their communicative intention. By using the contact-induced phenomena from the closely related language the speaker can achieve various communicativ e goals and effects including actualization and refreshing of his or her utterance, being more expressive and filling in subjectively perceived intro-linguistic lacuna. The starting point of the analysis of the metalanguage comments were the data from the Slovak and Czech corpus. A range of...
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Particles in Slovak and Czech. System and Corpus Analysis
Šimková, Mária ; Nábělková, Mira (advisor) ; Vondráček, Miloslav (referee) ; Sokolová, Miloslava (referee)
The youngest word class type used to arouse great interest and discussions when entering the grammar; in some countries (e. g. in Germany) particles have been an object of systematic research. However, many other languages still lack a complex description of particles as a class on its own - they represent an appropriate material also for comparative researches. Differences in functioning and theoretical treatment of particles have been present in typologically different languages but they can emerge also in related languages, even in the case of Slovak and Czech. Lexicographical and grammar descriptions of these languages provide only small sets of particles (in Slovak roughly amounting to 400, in Czech exceeding 200) and are usually divided by authors into small groups and further on into even smaller subgroups. Due to specific features as well as to paradigmatic and syntagmatic relations with other language or speech phenomena even one particle or a couple of them or a narrowly defined group of particles can become an object of individual scientific and research projects. Step by step, our thesis presents the development of attitudes towards particles as an independent word class in general and in Russian linguistics in particular, grammar descriptions of particles in Slovak, Czech and other...
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Pitfalls of the close relationship (Slovak-Czech lexical interlingual homonymy)
Márová, Sabina ; Nábělková, Mira (advisor) ; Šimková, Mária (referee)
(in English): The thesis deals with interlingual lexical Slovak-Czech homonymy. The introductory part summarizes not only the denomination issue of this phenomenon, its definition and classification, but also the existing research of interlingual homonyms among Slovak/Czech and other Slavic languages and between Slovak and Czech. The analysis of Slovak- Czech interlingual homonymy, based on a Mirror dictionary of Slovak-Czech interlingual homonyms, is the core part of this research, and thus serves also as a cornerstone for the classification of Slovak-Czech interlingual homonymy and the description of various types of interlingual homonyms. The next chapter concerns with those types of interlingual homonyms, which have not been captured in the Mirror dictionary of Slovak-Czech interlingual homonyms, even though they do exist and it is essential to pay particular attention to them. The annex of this work is a complete list of interlingual homonyms, based on the Mirror dictionary of Slovak-Czech interlingual homonyms, comprising all complete interlingual homonyms (306 homonymous pairs or groups) captured in the dictionary.
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Assimilation of voicing in Slovak speakers of English
Ortutayová, Dominika ; Skarnitzl, Radek (advisor) ; Popelíková, Jiřina (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to examine the influence of the mother tongue, more specifically Slovak, in the speech of the Slovak speakers of English and subsequent appearance of the assimilation of voicing in the environments in which it is expected in both Slovak and English and then in those which are typical only for Slovak - and the production of the assimilation of voicing in those environments in English is considered an error. In the first part we introduce and specify the process of voicing in speech in general and then in the second part we proceed with the presentation of the concept of the second language acquisition and language interference. The empirical part is based on the analysis of the material spoken by 18 students, both males and females, reading the BBC bulletins. Our results show that the assimilation of voicing is an integral part of the speech of Slovaks in English, proving that they assimilate extensively in the environments typical for the Slovak language. Those are only partially typical for English as well - and thus they simultaneously produce assimilation errors. This knowledge could be taken in account during the learning process in order to eliminate such errors as much as possible. Key words: voicing, assimilation, Slovak, English, interference
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Utilization of general rhythm metrics for differentiation of Slovak English from Slovak and English
Kaprál, Jakub ; Volín, Jan (advisor) ; Klégr, Aleš (referee)
The purpose of the present thesis is to analyze Slovak English from the perspective of speech rhythm in relation to its native (Slovak) and target (English) language. The first part contains theoretical background for the study of language rhythm, history of its research, and describes rhythmically relevant features of English and Slovak phonetic systems. It is concluded by summary of rhythmical differences between the two languages and hypotheses are proposed. The experimental part uses rhythm metrics for determination of phonetic properties of rhythm in Slovak English. It is based on recordings of one English and two Slovak representative radio reporters along with six recordings of Slovak students of English studies. The rhythm metrcis results for Slovak English closely approximate the results for native English but due to inconsistency of the results the question of aplicability of rhythm metrics to L1, let alone L2, remains open. Keywords: Slovak English, speech rhythm, rhythm metrics, prosody, second language acquisition
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Slovak-Czech interlingual homonymy - lexical analysis on the base of Slovak-Czech dictionary (A-L)
Čambalová, Jana ; Nábělková, Mira (advisor) ; Šimková, Mária (referee)
The main topic of the bachelor's work is a Slovak-Czech lexical interlingual homonymy, the phenomenon, which has not been processed yet. The principal part of this work is a mirror dictionary of interlingual homonyms created on the basic of mutual confrontation figures from Slovak-Czech and Czech-Slovak translation dictionaries (ranging from letter A to letter L). The first part, theoretical, is following up the explanation of paradigmatic relations in the language in general and in detail pursue relations as paronymy, homonymy, multiple meaning and the interlingual homonymy. In the practical second part there are described used materials and method of creation of the mirror dictionary. Subsequently there are analysing specific phenomenons, which are proceed from processed dictionary. The last chapter is about interlingual homonymy in the name of months and parts of the year. Key words Slovak-Czech lexical confrontation, interlingual homonymy, Slovak, homonymy, Czech, dictionary of interlingual homonyms
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