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Agricultural waste treatment
Schneider, Martin ; Benešová, Libuše (advisor) ; Tonika, Jaroslav (referee)
As a result of the deteriorating state of the environment due to intensive industrial and agricultural production activities, it is necessary to proceed to the pressure on polluters, both legislatively and economically. Slurry as a by-product is a valuable complex organomineral fertilizer. Its fertilization value is comparable with manure, nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium fertilizers. Moreover, the slurry has a significant content of organic substances. Slurry as a fertilizer is important especially today, when the czech agriculture has a great deficiency of manure caused by reduction in cattle. That s why slurry is an important alternative of fertilizers with biological origin with no pollutants. After production slurry contains many biologically harmful substances, so it s necessary to store it in slurry basins. Chemical and physical reactions during a period of four to six months cause, that slurry is rid of unwanted substances and qualities.
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The Impact of the Mechanical Dependence of the Components of Total Elbow Replacement on Implant Survivorship
Güttler, Kristián ; Landor, Ivan (advisor) ; Koudela, Karel (referee) ; Džupa, Valér (referee)
Drawing on long-term clinical experience, the dissertation provides an overview of the options for the reconstructive surgery of irreversibly damaged elbow joints and the individual structural directions in the development of total elbow replacements. The clinical study focuses on the comparison of the unconstrained Souter-Strathclyde elbow implant, which has been used at our workplace since 1987, and the semiconstrained Coonrad-Morrey implant, which we started to use in the nineties. The disadvantages of the Souter-Strathclyde implant consist of a relatively complex surgery technique and narrower indication which does not permit larger primary instability of the operated elbow and large bone defects. Due to these reasons in recent years the Coonrad-Morrey total elbow replacement has been the preferred option at our workplace. The main problem as regards the long-term survival of this implant is especially the wear of the polyethylene bushings of the fl oppy hinge. This can be solved through an early replacement of this hinge before substantial abrasive wear develops ultimately leading to the loosening of the whole implant. We have elaborated a methodology that maps the condition of the polyethylene bushings and at the same time examines the integration of the humeral and ulnar component in the...
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Study of C-C coupling of dienes catalyzed by ruthenium(II) complexes
Hanikýřová, Eva ; Roithová, Jana (advisor) ; Jaklová Dytrtová, Jana (referee)
Title: Study of C-C coupling of dienes catalyzed by ruthenium (II) complexes. Author: Bc. Eva Hanikýřová Department: Department of Organic Chemistry Supervisor: Mgr. Jana Roithová, Ph.D. Abstract Transition metal catalyzed cycloadditions have contributed extensively to organic synthesis. The use of ruthenium complexes in those reactions gain importance due to their demonstrated ability in the catalytic carbon-carbon bond formations via ruthenacycle intermediates. In our studies, we have concentrated on the interaction between ruthenium (II) and alkenes using mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization. This technique allows to investigate ruthenium complexes in the ionized states, and allows to investigate these structures by using MS/MS analyse. Our experimental research was complemented by quantum chemical calculations using Density functional theory. The research leads to a more detailed understanding to Ruthenium complexes with unsaturated hydrocarbons reaction mechanism. Key words Gas-phase chemistry, Reaction mechanisms, Electrospray Ionization, Catalyst, [CpRu(CH3CN)3]PF6, Mass Spectrometry
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Biochemical and mechanical processes in synovial fluid - modeling, analysis and computational simulations
Pustějovská, Petra ; Málek, Josef (advisor) ; Süli, Endré (referee) ; Jäger, Willi (referee) ; Maršík, František (referee)
vi Title: Biochemical and mechanical processes in synovial fluid - modeling, mathematical analysis and computational simulations Author: Petra Pustějovská (petra.pustejovska@karlin.mff.cuni.cz) Department: Matematický ústav UK, Univerzita Karlova v Praze Institut für Angewandte Mathematik, Universität Heidelberg Supervisors: prof. RNDr. Josef Málek CSc., DSc. (malek@karlin.mff.cuni.cz) Matematický ústav UK, Univerzita Karlova v Praze, Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. mult. Willi Jäger (jaeger@iwr.uni-heidelberg.de) Institut für Angewandte Mathematik, Universität Heidelberg Abstract: Synovial fluid is a polymeric liquid which generally behaves as a viscoelastic fluid due to the presence of polysaccharide molecules called hyaluronan. In this thesis, we study the biological and biochemical properties of synovial fluid, its complex rheology and interaction with synovial membrane during filtration process. From the mathematical point of view, we model the synovial fluid as a viscous incompressible fluid for which we develop a novel generalized power-law fluid model wherein the power-law exponent depends on the concentration of the hyaluronan. Such a model is adequate to describe the flows of synovial fluid as long as it is not subjected to instantaneous stimuli. Moreover, we try to find a suitable linear viscoelastic model...
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Application of the SIA system for aluminium determination
Fialová, Barbora ; Sklenářová, Hana (advisor) ; Chocholouš, Petr (referee)
Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of analytical chemistry Candidate: Barbora Fialová Supervisor: PharmDr. Hana Sklenářová, PhD. Title of Diploma Thesis: Application of the SIA system for aluminium determination This diploma work deals with determination of aluminium ions in samples of surface water in a sequential injection system. For determination of aluminium ions method described in ČSN 83 0520 part 22 B was used. Determination was based on complex formation between aluminium ions and aluminon. The incurred complex is colored and color intensity is directly proportional to aluminium ions concentration in the sample. In this work spectrophotometric detection was used. Primarily, an optimization of reaction conditions in the test tube was performed. The calibration graph was linear in the range 0.02 - 1 mg/l Al with correlation coefficient R = 0.9932. Also detection limit (LOD = 0.0119 mg/l) and quantification limit (LOQ = 0.0390 mg/l) were assumed. Consequently reaction was converted into the SIA system and optimization of reaction conditions in the SIA system was performed. Calibration curve was linear in concentration range from 0.02 to 0.6 mg/l with R = 0.9971. Deformation of calibration curve in the field of higher aluminium concentrations is due...
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The Influence of eco-toxicological factors on spermatogenesis, morphology and function of mammalian sperm
Vašinová, Jitka ; Pěknicová, Jana (referee) ; Hortová, Kateřina (advisor)
An increasing infertility due to pathological changes on sperm has become a serious issue. A rising concentration of fluorides in the environment could be a potentially negative factor affecting the male fertility. Eco-toxicological effect of fluorides can be enhanced in the present of aluminium ions by forming fluoro-metallic complexes, analogues of phosphate groups that interfere with the activity of G-proteins and P-type ATPases, which are part of several signalling pathways during sperm maturation. The aim of this thesis was monitoring the effect of fluorides on mouse sperm capacitation in vitro, analysis of the effect of fluorides on male reproductive organ and on the level of mouse spermatogenesis. Fluorides were administered to mice through table water at the concentrations of 0, 1, 10, 100 ppm and at the same time we monitored their synergic action with aluminium at 10 ppm dose. The level of tyrosine phosphorylation in the sperm head was the main marker for successful capacitation in vitro. The results show that an oversized load of ions, to which mice were exposed, affected negatively spermatogenesis and ability of sperm to capacitate in vitro. Besides that, a multigenerational study in mice demonstrated that even low concentrations of aluminium fluorides can have a negative effect on...
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Youth criminality prevention in the Czech Republic
Lhotová, Jana ; Šubrt, Jiří (referee) ; Buriánek, Jiří (advisor)
This study focuses on the prevention of juvenile delinquency in the Czech Republic while defining the best possible means for an individual to achieve positive socialization and develop protection against anti-social behavior. The study is divided into two sections - theoretical and analytical. The first section aims to: describe criminal prevention strategies and their philosophy and goals; present different methodologies for prevention; and define target groups. It also gives an account of objective and subjective factors that may influence anti-social behavior in youth, since it is proven that particular characteristics of the social environment or personality can increase the likelihood of committing a crime. The core of this theoretical study includes an overview of criminological theories, which seek to reveal the roots of criminal behavior. Also described is the evolution of salient ideas in this sociological framework, which form the basis for criminological theory, along with a summary of biosocial and psychological theories. A special focus is on the Social Control Theory and General Theory of Crime published by T. Hirschi and M. Gottfredson in the 90's, considered to be the most complex and relevant theories of social prevention due to their emphasis on the correlation of individual and social...
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Development of immune response to the Hymenoptera venom allergens during specific allergen immunotherapy
Hrabánková, Eva ; Kučera, Petr (advisor)
Order of ants and wasps ( Hymenoptera ) counts a hundred thousand species of insects (only on the lives of our around 15,000 kinds ) 1 . Some individuals have a stinging venom apparatus that they primarily used to defend against the enemy or stun kořisti1 , 2 and 3 stings or bites One can manifest in different ways. Not too often, but severe or even fatal complication of systemic allergic reactions. System allergen immunotherapy respective insects ( " Specific Allergen Immunotherapy " - SAIT ), abbreviated poison Immunotherapy ( " Venom Immunotherapy " - VIT) is the only causal therapy , anti- of a serious or life -threatening IgE -mediated anaphylactic reaction to following stabbing relevant type hmyzu4 . Its purpose is to induce long-term immunological tolerance (specific hyposensitization) to systemically administered alergenům5 . Initial attempts at VIT has been carried out in the 20s of last century , the initially used whole body extracts ( "whole body extreacts " - WBEs ) were due to comparable efficacy to placebo , replaced in the 70s poisonous extracts , which are used for diagnosis and therapy dodnes3 . The mechanism of induction of immunological tolerance through SAIT is complex and not yet fully understood . Probably induces the formation of the so-called " Blocking " IgG antibodies , reduces...
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Congo War and Power Politics in Central Africa
Michalek, Tomáš ; Werkman, Kateřina (advisor) ; Ujfaluši, Marcel (referee)
The aim of this paper is to describe power in Central Africa in terms of actors and aspects. In order to find out who has the power and what it is like, the matrix of aims, strategies and results is used. The argument is that the state which is able to change aims into results has the power. Herein, it should be mentioned that the Congo conflict is not just one war; it is a complex of interrelated wars and disputes. Nevertheless, the analysis is centred at the state level of the conflict. The aspects of civil and local wars are neglected here; however, they cannot be totally ignored. At first, theoretical and historical backgrounds to the conflict are described. Here, the clientelism is central to very African system of power. Then, the politico-military, economic and diplomatic/intemational aspects of the second Congo war are analysed. The findings are that Angola due to its military strength and pragmatic aims is the main power in Central Africa. The second most powerful country in the region is Rwanda, whose military aims and strategies were, however, unfitted to its potential resources. These two states are able to control the African clientelism most accurately. On the other side, Uganda and Zimbabwe were not. In terms of other states, no one was able to influence the course of the second Congo war....
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Overindebtedness connected to consumer finance - possible solutions and suggested precaution
Zelený, Martin ; Angelovská, Olga (advisor) ; Trlifajová, Lucie (referee)
This thesis is mapping current situation in the area of consumer lending, shows main reasons and impacts of overindebtedness and also its connetion to consumer lending. The target is to suggest appropriate regulation to lower the rate of overindebtedness, that exists in this area due to the absence of regulation in the area of consumer lending in Czech republic. Suggested regulation insures higher consumer protection and compact rules for all the partcipants on the consumer lending market. It also collects complex information about clients and their debt ratio. It has advantages for all participants.
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