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Using mathematical calculations to solve problems in sciences
Gáborová, Andrea ; Novotná, Jarmila (advisor) ; Jančařík, Antonín (referee)
This work deals with word problems from natural sciences whose main mathematical apparatus are circle, sphere and their parts. The work is divided into three main parts - part about word problems, part about used mathematical apparatus in word problems and part containing verbal tasks from sciences. The first part defines the word problems and describes how to solve the problems. The second part contains the mathematical apparatus used in the word problems in part three. The third part is a collection of verbal tasks from the sciences, divided into the taskes solved at primary and secondary schools. The individual vocabulary is presented as a necessary theoretical basis of sciences. In the third part, I created most of the vocabulary myself.
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Verbal assessment at primary schools in the Czech republic and in Switzerland
Vávrová, Eliška ; Starý, Karel (advisor) ; Laufková, Veronika (referee)
This thesis named Verbal assessment at primary schools in the Czech Republic and in Switzerland focuses on an introduction and a comparison of verbal assessment in these two countries. The comparison is intended as a tool for a mutual inspiration. The verbal assessment is a current topic due to the recent changes in the concept of primary education in the Czech Republic. The thesis is divided into two parts. The theoretical part deals with the definition of the term "assessment", its forms and types within the Czech system of education, then it is concentrated on the description of the verbal assessment in more detail. There is also the introduction to the educational concept of one alternative school. The following chapters contain basic information about Swiss education in the context of its history. The school system of evaluation is further described within the Swiss canton called Luzern. The practically empirical part of this thesis examines systems of evaluation at primary school in the Czech Republic and in Switzerland applying the research methods as the interview or the questionnaire. The purpose of this part is to prove that the verbal assessment is more appropriate evaluating form than using classification during the first few years at primary school. KEY WORDS Verbal assessment, Swiss...
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Pupils's transition to a lower secondary school after 5th and 4th grade
Urbanová, Hana ; Starý, Karel (advisor) ; Walterová, Eliška (referee)
The diploma thesis pursues a pupil's transition to a lower secondary school. The theoretical part describes the development of Czech primary and lower secondary school. It compares the compulsory education in European countries and describes a phenomenon of transition in view of its development in an international context during the past few decades. The empirical part explores main topics of pupil's transition to higher level of education. The research is based on the case study of the primary school with pupil's transition from the fourth grade and from the fifth grade. The research aim is to find out how the transition is viewed by the pupils and their teachers and to find out the reasons for an alternation of classic model of the transition in the fifth grade of primary school. It presents the advantages and disadvantages of this modification in a view of current pupils' development. The results show that neither pupils nor the teachers perceive any major differences in a timing of the transition. For all the pupils, with no regard to the model of the transition, the more important change is the entering to the sixth grade, which is connected with the change of the curriculum. The pupils transitioning according to a new model perceive the transition after the fourth grade as an advantage for...
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Children's Understanding of Selected History Topics in Primary School
Bílá, Lucie ; Dvořák, Dominik (advisor) ; Dvořáková, Michaela (referee)
netradiční způsob jeho výuky na prvním stupni základní školy. K tomu účelu také mapuje dětská pojetí historického tématu a jejich porozumění společnosti během zmíněné doby. úvodu práce popisuje vývoj přístupů k vyučování historie, psychologické aspekty dětského současné historické literatuře představováno období komunismu na české vesnici. Výzkumná část obsa příslušného učiva v učebnicích vlastivědy, analýzu vybrané literatury pro děti a mládež (jak dobové, tak současné) a vlastní výzkum, který byl proveden metodou "design research". V práci je popsán proces vytváření vyučovací hodiny založené na literatuře pro děti mládež a tvorby komiksu. Jako diagnostická metoda pro zjišťování žákovských pojetí po výuce byl vybrán skupinový rozhovor se žáky. Práce uvádí výsledky analýzy vybraného vzorku pořízených rozhovorů. Pro hlubší pochopení problematiky dětských pojetí historických událostí bude potřeba dalších výzkumů. KLÍČOVÁ SLOVA společenskovědní vzdělávání, historie, primární škola, komunismus, učebnice, dětská porozumění společnosti
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Development of the Methodology of Left-hander's Writing and Teacher's Attitude toward Left-handed Children
Hradecká, Lucie ; Kropáčková, Jana (advisor) ; Wildová, Radka (referee)
The thesis follows the development of the methodology of left-handers's writing, teacher's usage of the knowledge of methodology in a practice, researching the materials aimed in left- handness dedicated to teachers and parents, describing statements and opinions of the concrete primary teachers on left-hander's methodology. The thesis consists of the theoretical part and the empiric part. In the therotical part there are defined terms laterality and dominance, the development of the methodology of left-hander's writing since the year 1967 when this type of writing was legalised in the Czech Republic. The possibilities of getting information about the problematic of left-handness are summed, including books and trainings for primary school teachers. Finally, available equipment for left-handers is introduced. The research combines two methods - questionnaire and interview. The quantitative research is supposed to come up with the concrete percentage of left-handed pupils and with the general knowledge of teachers connected with methodology of left-hander's writing. The qualitative research was made by the form of interiewing teachers and Ivo Vodička. The aim of the thesis is to find out the way how to train teachers effectively based on researched information. KEYWORDS laterality, diagnostics of...
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Stress research of teachers of selected elementary schools
Koštejnová, Zlata ; Hanušová, Jaroslava (advisor) ; Kučírek, Jiří (referee)
In 2003 The National Institute of Public Health (NIPH) in Prague carried out project of health promotion entitled "Reducing the risk of mental workload of teachers in primary schools and the possibility of objectification." The research was conducted in collaboration with 17 randomly selected elementary schools in Prague (the total population of 157 female teachers over 40 years. The research was consisted of three parts: questionnaire survey, interview and collection of medical data (hypertension, cholesterol, obesity, smoking). This diploma thesis follows up on this research, but within the available options it deals only with questionnaire survey (without collection of medical data). In 2016, a questionnaire survey was conducted among the teachers of selected elementary schools, and 604 questionnaires were filled out, and it was monitored whether teachers were taught at primary schools or schools involved in the Health Promotion School. In the theoretical part, the diploma thesis deals with various theoretical approaches to stress, coping strategies and analysis of stressors that are specific to the teaching profession. At the same time there is a chapter devoted to the Health Promotion School. In the practical part, the data collection, their analysis and the conclusions from the analysis of...
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Primary school curriculum enrichment in the subject area of science
Fischerová, Zuzana ; Dvořák, Dominik (advisor) ; Simonová, Jaroslava (referee)
The results of the international study TIMSS (The Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study) raise concerns that Czech primary pupils fall behind in some content domains of science (namely the physical sciences) and in some skills (experimental skills). This thesis compares the Czech curriculum with the current international trends in the science education and shows that above mentioned topics/skills are not sufficiently covered in the official curriculum. The second part of the thesis describes a case study of a relatively successful implementation of innovative science lessons focused on these skills in three primary classrooms of a Czech school. The concepts of inquiry-based learning, theory of learning materials and lesson study method are the main components of the theoretical and conceptual background of the study. When comparing the Czech curriculum (official documents and textbooks used in school) and school curricular plans with the TIMSS framework, it emerges that both the national curricular framework and the school curriculum do not cover some of those upper mentioned. Based on these findings, a lesson plan introducing some of the missing areas and task types was developed and tested in a particular school. The qualitative research desigh of case study with embedded...
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Bullying in the lower grades of Elementary school
Švecová, Lucie ; Stará, Jana (advisor) ; Krčmářová, Tereza (referee)
The thesis deals with the issue of bullying at the primary level of the elementary schools from the point of view of the experienced teachers that have encountered this kind of situations in their practice. The thesis consists of a theoretical and empirical part. The theoretical part brings latest news from the foreign and local bibliography. It describes causes, forms, participants of bullying, and there is a comparison of different kinds of solutions. Last but not least it proposes a wide range of preventive methods. The practical part is based on case studies of the interventions of bullying in the primary school which are realized through semi-structured interviews with five teachers from different countries with different backgrounds who dealt with bullying in their practise. The results present different techniques which involved people in the intervention use to efectively solve the cases and on the other hand what slows the proces of healing down and how to overcome these obstacles. Which steps were done in the classroom and which methods of prevention teachers use. This paper includes a discussion about the difference of dealing with bullying in Czech and foreign schools. KEYWORDS bullying among children, primary school, aggression, victim, aggressor, teacher's experience, diagnostics,...
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Application of memory techniques to primary school instruction
Pok, Marek ; Krčmářová, Tereza (advisor) ; Voda, Jan (referee)
Marek Pok Dissertation Abstract Application of memory techniques to primary school instruction The theoretical part is focused on effective teaching methods to primary school instruction. There have been chosen styles, methods and strategies, which are suitable for using memory techniques. Attention is paid to the memory function of students (secondary school age), who become a part of the empirical research. The theoretical part will present the concept of teaching, learning styles, methods and strategies, which effective implement the memory techniques into this construction. The practical part brings using experimental and observational research process to define quantitative and qualitative results on the memory learning. The object of this research is the very process of education, which aims to consolidate memory techniques to effective learning skills. The attention to the middle school age pupils is focused especially of their ability (unlike students at the beginning of schooling) to use naturally intentional memorization, rationality, ambience association and logical connections. Due to memory techniques (bonding system and the system significant figures) students will aplicate information into the instruction so that they will be able to recall them effectively, transform them, interpret and use...
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