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Reflexion of the Spanish Civil War in the work of Ernest Hemingway and George Orwell
Macáková, Martina ; Rak, Jiří (advisor) ; Pelánová, Anita (referee)
The Spanish Civil War was an extraordinary event that draught unprecedent attention of intellectuals all around the world. The wast majority of them took side of the Republicans. It was also the case of two writers whose works were marked by the greatest response and to some extent ifnluenced the reception of the conflict by our society. Ernest Hemingway and George Orwell came to Spain with different expectations, they each played in spanish drama distinct role and reflected their experience diversly, however they shared the belief that the Republic is a cause worth to be fighting for. The main objective of this bachelor thesis is to analyse the political message of two most important literal accounts that have been written on background of the Spanish Civil War, to describe the circumstances of their origins and publication and to account how the public in Spain, their home countries and also in Czechoslovakia react to them. Hemingway's novel For Whom the Bell Tolls and Orwell's Homage to Catalonia proof to be a testimony how strong is the bond between history and literature. The popular Spanish images depicted by writers such as Ernest Hemingway and George Orwell have not disappeared, only was overshadowed by Franco's dictatorship.
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Development of immune response to the Hymenoptera venom allergens during specific allergen immunotherapy
Hrabánková, Eva ; Kučera, Petr (advisor)
Order of ants and wasps ( Hymenoptera ) counts a hundred thousand species of insects (only on the lives of our around 15,000 kinds ) 1 . Some individuals have a stinging venom apparatus that they primarily used to defend against the enemy or stun kořisti1 , 2 and 3 stings or bites One can manifest in different ways. Not too often, but severe or even fatal complication of systemic allergic reactions. System allergen immunotherapy respective insects ( " Specific Allergen Immunotherapy " - SAIT ), abbreviated poison Immunotherapy ( " Venom Immunotherapy " - VIT) is the only causal therapy , anti- of a serious or life -threatening IgE -mediated anaphylactic reaction to following stabbing relevant type hmyzu4 . Its purpose is to induce long-term immunological tolerance (specific hyposensitization) to systemically administered alergenům5 . Initial attempts at VIT has been carried out in the 20s of last century , the initially used whole body extracts ( "whole body extreacts " - WBEs ) were due to comparable efficacy to placebo , replaced in the 70s poisonous extracts , which are used for diagnosis and therapy dodnes3 . The mechanism of induction of immunological tolerance through SAIT is complex and not yet fully understood . Probably induces the formation of the so-called " Blocking " IgG antibodies , reduces...
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Response of selected rivers of the Bohemian Massif to lithological and structural conditions
Flašar, Jan ; Nývlt, Daniel (advisor) ; Kalvoda, Jan (referee)
Three groups of streams were selected in the area of the Bohemian Massif: the Berounka river with its source streams; the Vltava river with its tributaries the Malše and the Lužnice; the Labe river with its tributaries the Cidlina, the Bystřice and the Javorka. The lithological and tectonical influences to several parameters of the streams were studied. These parameters include: stream gradient, orientation of the stream and sinuosity of the stream. Data were obtained from digital elevation models, aerial photographs, topographical and geological maps. The longitudinal profiles of the streams (in the combination with geological cross-sections), the SL indexes and the gradient/sinuosity graphs were created on the basis of the obtained data. These tools were used for evaluation of the influence of lithology and the tectonics to the streams. The evolution of the streams and the stream-groups was evaluated and compared as well. A strong influence of lithology on the stream gradient was found on most of the analysed streams. The tectonic situation, on the contrary, had strong influence on the orientation of the streams, especially in the resistant rocks. Also, there were selected areas, where was a higher probability of quaternary vertical movements influencing the streams (mountainous areas of the Novohradské...
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The Effect of EGF - like Peptides on Cumulus-Oocyte Complexes
Blaha, Milan ; Krylov, Vladimír (referee) ; Němcová, Lucie (advisor)
In mammals, the ovarian cycle is controlled by follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland. FSH is assumed to be essential for follicle growth. LH is required for the terminal phases of follicle growth, estrogen synthesis, ovulation, development of the corpus luteum and progesterone synthesis. Although cumulus cells and oocytes lack LH-receptors, LH causes cumulus expansion and meiosis resumption. The effect of LH is mediated via EGF-like peptides - amphiregulin (AREG), epiregulin (EREG) and betacellulin (BTC). The precursors of these peptides are present in the mural granulosa cells and EGF-like peptides are released by activation of metalloproteases in response to LH-stimulus. The aim of this thesis is to present EGF-like peptides in the wide context of the molecular mechanisms regulating the late phases of folliculogenesis and meiotic maturation of oocytes.
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Phytoestrogens in the food and their connection to arising of the cancer of breast and of sex organs
Čapková, Petra ; Kudláčková, Zděnka (advisor) ; Hronek, Miloslav (referee)
Estrogens and progestins are female hormones. Thanks to their binding to the estrogen receptor they induce gene expression and thus the response of the organism. They are responsible only not for physiological effects such as bone metabolism, menstrual cycle but they play a role also in the pathogenesis of tumours of the breast and genital organs. The production of endogenous substances, receptors or enzymes which are called tumore markers can be characteristic of tumor growth. Breast and endometrial cancer can be both estrogen dependend and estrogen independent. The increased expression of estrogen or progesterone receptors can be detected in the hormone dependent breast cancer. There are big diferences between the incidence of breast, ovary and endometrial cancer in developed countries (USA, Europe) compared with Japan. This may be because the Japanese population consumes foods with higher content of soybean. Soy is rich in phytoestrogens. They are active plant substances that, among other plants, are found in the red clover, linseed and soybeans. Phytoestrogens can be divided to isoflavones, lignans, coumenstans and stilbens. Their effects are similar to the 17β-estradiol. We can classify them as so-called natural selective estrogen receptor modulators. They have a wide range of effects. They...
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On purinoceptors in the urinary bladder of hte rat: altered effects of purinergic P1A1 receptors in cystitis
Veselá, Renata ; Wsól, Vladimír (advisor) ; Soukup, Ondřej (referee)
This project was focused on studies of the location and function of selected purinergic receptors in the rat urinary bladder. Its special concerns are on adenosine P1A1 purinoceptors and on their expression in healthy and inflamed urinary bladders of the rat. It was found that both P2X1 and P1A1 receptors are expressed in urinary bladder. The quantity of P1A1 receptors is decreased in the inflamed bladder. Functional studies based on an agonist stimulation (adenosine) showed importance of P1A1 receptors for relaxation of the tissue. During the cystitis this effect was reduced. Electric field stimulation (EFS) pointed out the difference between the response to a stimulus affecting just postsynaptic receptors (adenosine stimulation) and responses to nerve stimulation including both post- and presynaptic effects.
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State intervention in the performance of parental responsibility and prevention
Carvanová, Petra ; Dvořák, Jan (referee) ; Radvanová, Senta (advisor)
65 Government's intervention into the exercise of parental responsibility and its prevention The title of my thesis is government's intervention into the exercise of parental responsibility and its prevention. The concept of parental responsibility was introduced to our legal order by the law No. 91/1998 Coll, the novel of Family Act (law No 94/1963 Coll). The institute of parental responsibility is understood to be a summary of the fundamental parental rights and obligations, which are belonged by parents in relation to their minor child. Parental responsibility is understood to be an aggregate of rights and duties relating to care of any minor child of the parents. This parental responsibility includes in particular care for its health, physical, emotional, intellectual and moral develompent, parents' representation of their minor child and managing a minor child's property. The government's intervention is understood as significant intervention into parental rights and obligations, which could be done only when the conditions stated in the legal act are performed. As for conditions we understand that child's rights and interest is endangered or already breached and the family is not able to fulfill its main function anymore. According to the Convention on the rights of the child from 1989 the state is...
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New trends in Czech obstetrics and opinion differences between pregnant women
Mrázová, Andrea ; Duffková, Jana (advisor) ; Hamplová, Dana (referee)
In this graduation theses are monitored changes in obstetric profession during centuries and mainly in last few decades. Perception of childbirth change and what was once normal is today alternative and vice versa. Childbirth has unique position in medicine and we have to take it not only as matter of physiology but also as matter of sociology. At Childbirth, its hazards and its workminelike finis his regard with social optics. Determination and perception of childbirth is mainly different in view of two "competing conceptions" ( medically led childbirth, natural childbirth ).This graduation theses is oriented at perception and opinions of pregnant women. Theirs opinions are analyzed and processed with qualitative analysis. In last few years, "different" childbirth than classical is more and more in subconsciousness of women. Even when women more often choose medically led childbirth, some of them start to thing about different, alternative possibilities. Their opinion is, that woman shall have right to choose and more or less undertake responsibility over this decision.Women wanna be more involved in decisions about their bodies, childbirths. With choosing of way of childbirth, there are prefered different criterions. Even if maternity clinics in last few years ( after 1989 ) changes their position in this...
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Relationship background of children of institutional care such as SOS - children's villages
Grosmanová, Jana ; Pazlarová, Hana (advisor) ; Šabatová, Anna (referee)
Diploma thesis "Relationship background of a child of institutional care such as SOS - Children's Villages" describes the current situation of the Czech SOS children's villages, foster care institutions. How are children living in the SOS children's villages? Before 1 started to look for answers to this question, I had defined the range of concept "the relationship child support" in the context of the modem age.I also noted impressive history SOS children's villages. Current situation the Czech SOS villages is analysed in the next three captres, focused on Czech legislation. Empirical part, "on the road" research aims to approximate the conditions in which children in villages live. The qualitative survey of selcted staff brings a colorful portray of situations, when responsible staff interferes whith SOS families. The final statement goes bad, SOS villages, foster care institutions , are interesting but archaic organization, whith problematic justification in the Czech Republic.
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"Moje blues" by Josef Kainar: a critical edition
Penkala, Vít ; Bílek, Petr (advisor) ; Šrámek, Petr (referee)
Název poslední Kainarovy sbírky (avšak ne tak docela forma jednotlivých čísel tohoto souboru) se hlásí k mimořádně vlivnému a životnému hudebnímu žámu. Blues vzniklo na přelomu devatenáctého a dvacátého století na jihu Spojených států z hudby černých otroků, zavlečených do Ameriky ze západního pobřeží Afriky. Jeho postupný rozvoj a prolínání s domácí tradicí daly vzniknout jazzu i rockové hudbě. Jako hudební forma přetrvává dodnes. Klasické, dřevní blues má ustálenou podobu. Jeho harmonické schéma vychází ze střídání ,základních akordů - tóniky, subdominanty a dominanty - v pevném schématu: čtyři takty tónika, dva takty subdominanta, dva takty tónika, dva takty dominanta, dva takty tónika - dvanáct taktů bluesové "dvanáctky" -, přičemž pro melodiku blues je "nejpříznačnější svérázná tzv. blues tonalita s charakteristickou oscilací mezi durovou a mollovou tonalitou" 1 7. Nejde nám zde o přesnou hudební terminologii, ale o zachycení pravidelného, až monotónního schématu: ,,( ... ) současně s dvanáctitaktovou periodicitou se ustálilo pevné schéma rýmovaných dvojverší ( ... ), jejichž sémantická stavba odpovídá africkému call and response [zvolání - odpověď] principu (a-a-b)"ls. Zdánlivá jednotvárnost ovšem jen podtrhovala hypnotickou účinnost, nakažlivou rytmičnost i emocionální působivost bluesových písní.
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