|
Gallium complexes for molecular imaging of bone tissue
Holub, Jan ; Kubíček, Vojtěch (advisor) ; Vojtíšek, Pavel (referee)
Title: Gallium Complexes for Molecular Imaging of Bone Tissue Author: Bc. Jan Holub Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University Supervisor: RNDr. Vojtěch Kubíček, PhD. Supervisor's Email address: kubicek@natur.cuni.cz ABSTRACT This thesis is focused on preparing new ligands for selective complexation of gallium, which might serve as potential radiopharmaceuticals for 68 Ga-PET bone imaging. Two new ligands were prepared, combining 1,4,7-triazacyclonone-1,4-diacetic acid macrocyclic skeleton and bis(phosphonate) pendant arm, bound to the remaining free nitrogen atom on the macrocycle. Macrocyclic skeleton is responsible for high kinetic and thermodynamic stability of the Ga3+ complex and the bis(phosphonate) pendant arm insures selective delivery of the complex to the bone tissue. Both new ligands were fully characterized by NMR and mass spectroscopy. Complexation of Ga3+ was studied by 31 P and 71 Ga NMR spectroscopy. Binding to bone tissue was simulated by adsorption of the complexes to hydroxoapatite. Radiochemical experiments including study of 68 Ga complexation kinetics and basic in-vivo experiments including biodistribution studies and PET examination were done in cooperation with Johannes-Gutenberg Universität Mainz in Germany. Data obtained from these experiments were...
|
| |
|
The clinical relevance of implementation of new technologies in extracorporeal circulation
Svitek, Vladimír ; Harrer, Jan (advisor) ; Tošovský, Jan (referee) ; Černý, Jan (referee)
The clinical relevance of implementation of new technologies in extracorporeal circulation Summary Background: An organism's inflammatory response related to cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) use is caused by activation of immune system cells with the production of a whole spectrum of mediators, whose activity can result in organ dysfunction. Current research, in trying to eliminate the negative effects of CPB, is engaging in innovating technology of systems for CPB. One of the last complex innovations is the so-called miniinvasive cardiopulmonary bypass. Till now though, the clinical benefits of using this system has not been clearly proven. Methods: A group of 54 patients, who were indicated for elective coronary surgery were randomised into two groups - group cCPB (patients operated on using classic CPB in the open modification) and group mCPB (patients operated on using minicircuit). We monitored and compared concentration of interleukin-6, polymorphonuclear elastase, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, interleukin-10 and soluble receptors for tumour necrosis factor-α in both groups during operation and postoperatively. At the same time we compared the postoperative clinical course. Results: Both groups did not differ in the basic pre and peroperative characteristics (age, EuroScore, ejection fraction,...
|
|
Titaniun Dioxide - Phosphonate Assemblies as Medical Nanoprobes
Řehoř, Ivan ; Lukeš, Ivan (advisor) ; Lang, Kamil (referee) ; Peters, Joop (referee)
Titanium Dioxide - Phosphonate Assemblies as Medical Nanoprobes Ivan Řehoř PhD. Thesis Abstract: Multimodal imaging-therapeutic nanoprobe TiO2@RhdGd was prepared and successfully used for in- vitro and in-vivo cell tracking as well as for killing of cancer cells in-vitro. TiO2 nanoparticles, 12 nm in diameter, were used as a core for phosphonic acid modified functionalities, responsible for contrast in MRI and optical imaging. The phosphonic acid derivatives, used for surface modification, allows for grafting extraordinarily high loads of irreversibly adsorbed molecules of both types in one step. The prepared probe shows very high 1 H r1 relaxivity value as well as relaxivity density value, both crucial parameters for its use in MRI. The presence of fluorescent dye in its structure allows for its visualization by means of fluorescence microscopy. The applicability of the probe was studied, using three living systems - mesenchymal stem cells, cancer HeLa cells and T-lymphocytes. The probe did not exhibit toxicity in any of these systems and its long time storage in a lysosomal compartment was confirmed. Labeled cells were successfully visualized in-vitro by means of fluorescence microscopy and MRI. Consequent visualization of labeled cells in-vivo by means of fluorescence microscopy was also achieved....
|
|
Using computers to test
Bažantová, Zuzana ; Byčkovský, Petr (advisor) ; Škaloudová, Alena (referee) ; Chvál, Martin (referee)
The thesis provided deals with the question of computer based testing. The study contains two main parts: theoretical and empirical. It addresses two problems: what is the state of the art of computers implementation in testing (1), and what is the difference between applying two theories - classical test theory (CTT), and item response theory (IRT) in test construction, and analysis of test scores (2). The second problem has been solved both theoretical and empirical. No doubt, that computer implementation in test administration, construction, score analysis, test forms creating, and adaptive testing is very useful activity. It seems, as well, implementation of IRT in test construction and its score analysis has some advantages in comparison with CTT. On the other hand, mastering IRT is a quite difficult task, and there are strict demands to be fulfilled before IRT could be applied, too. There are principles of adaptive testing described in the study. This topic has not been described in any educational journal till today. Special software for realizing classical item analysis (ITEMAN, LERTAP 5) and for realizing IRT analysis (BILOG-MG) are presented here. To my knowledge comparison of item analysis carried out by methods based on CTT and IRT has not been presented in the Czech Republic. An analysis...
|
|
The effect of biventricular pacing as compared to single - side left - ventricular pacing and bifocal pacing of the right ventricle in patients with chronic heart failure
Riedlbauchová, Lucie ; Kautzner, Josef (advisor) ; Horký, Karel (referee) ; Táborský, Miloš (referee)
Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) represents an accepted treatment modality in patients with advance chronic heart failure, acute and long-term benefit of which was confirmed in several clinical trials. Recently, reduced mortality and rate of hospitalization for heart failure were also demonstrated. However, response to CRT is interindividually highly variable with a substantial proportion of CRT recipients who do not respond to this therapy. Although the identification of suitable candidates is probably the most important factor in the reduction of the rate of non-responders, some other determinants, peri- and post-implant, may substantially affect the final effect of CRT. The present PhD focused on some of these variables: 1/ First of them is a selection of the appropriate pacing mode. This PhD evaluated effect of 3 pacing modalities that have been proposed as alternatives of CRT - biventricular pacing (BiV), single-site left-ventricular pacing (LVP) and rightventricular bifocal pacing (Bif). It was clearly shown that the first two pacing strategies, BiV (it is simultaneous pacing of both ventricles) and LVP, cause comparable acute hemodynamic improvement at rest. Study No.2 of this PhD confirms that the comparable effect of BiV and LVP is preserved also during the exercise. In addition, study No.1...
|
|
Chick Embryo as a Model for the Study of Pancreas during Normal and Experimental Conditions
Maňáková, Eva ; Jelínek, Richard (advisor) ; Peterka, Miroslav (referee) ; Zemanová, Zdeňka (referee)
The aim was to describe changes in the volume of endocrine cells during pancreas development, try to estimate the proliferative activity and ultrastructural characterize cells that are responsible for the growth of pancreatic tissue during the prenatal period. Using chicken embryo represents a simple model on which it would be possible to evaluate the results of the experimental effect of external influences (teratogen) on the development of the pancreas. It allows simplification of the experimental conditions simulating ex. diabetes mothers. The aim was to demonstrate that the trend growth of endocrine tissue in both models (mammal, bird) is like and therefore this model can be used even if metabolism of birds differs from mammals.
|
|
Problems of development of social infrustructure in Mongolia and South Korea
Zrníková, Pavla ; Adamcová, Lenka (advisor) ; Němcová, Ingeborg (referee)
ZRNÍKOVÁ, Pavla: Problems of development of social infrustructure in Mongolia and South Korea. [Bachelory work], University of Economics. Faculty of International Relations; Department of World Economy. Supervisor: doc. PhDr. Lenka Adamcová, CSc. Prague : Faculty of International Relations, Prague, 2009, p. The aim of this bachelor work is to compare problems of the development of social infrustructure in Mongolia and South Korea. The author focuses on the two most important spheres of social infrastructure -- health care and education. Majority of differences in development of education and health service in these two countries result from significantly dissimilar economic development that is responsible for poverty of Mongolian people as well as for mental illnesses of exhausted Koreans. The bachelory work is divided into three chapters. The first one is dedicated to Mongolia and its specific problems leading to education and health care of low quality. In the second part the author presents problems of health care and demanding education system in South Korea. The third and the last part compares the causes of malfunction of the social infrastructure in the two countries.
|
|
The analysis of statines by gas chromatography
Pavlovičová, Soňa ; Šatínský, Dalibor (advisor) ; Pospíšilová, Marie (referee)
Gas chromatography analysis of statins Soňa Poláková (roz. Pavlovičová) Abstract A new GC method for determination of statins after derivatizacis using FID detector was developed. During the experiments the following results were achieved. Optimum separation results in the analysis of statins achieved in the following temperature gradient: one minute at 250 ř C, the temperature is further increased at 10 ř C / min to a final temperature of 320 ř C with other isothermal sections. A flame ionization detector was kept at the temperature 320 ř C. The optimum derivatization reagent was chosen BSTFA + TMCS for simvastatin, and N- tert-butyl (dimethylsilyl) trifluoroacetamide for atorvastatin. Addition of anhydrous potassium carbonate was obtained in alkaline environment, which allowed the derivatization. The best temperature for the derivatization of both drugs was obtained at 90 ř C. Time that is necessary to be run derivatization is 60 minutes with simvastatin and atorvastatin for 30 minutes. Quantification was performed in both cases using mefenamic acid as an internal standard, which was also derivatized, in the same derivatization agent. IS derivatization proceeded at 60 ř C for 60 minutes. The greatest yield response was achieved using half the amount of derivatization reagent than the amount of drug. Due...
|
|
Pension system reform in CR
Kučera, Mario ; Ježek, Tomáš (advisor) ; Munzi, Tomáš (referee)
The object of my diploma is focused in the pension system of The Czech Republic and the perspective of it in the future. At present there is still no problem in the financial balance of the pay-as-you-go pillar but due to the ageing of population the Czech dominant pillar will certain face to serious problems in case of no modifications. This conclusion arises from the first part of the analysis which also consists of the possible parameter modifications that could keep the system in balanced in long term. The next part is the analysis of the savings in the pension funds as the main alternative to the PAYGs. Each approach has its advantages and disadvantages which are main objects of both analyses in this diploma. Beside of the ability to keep the system stabled in financial terms I examine also the equivalence of contributions to the level of pensions that is important for the motivation of people to be responsible for their financial security in their old-age. The last part deals with the experiences of the pension systems in Chile, Slovak Republic and Sweden from where we could gain the real results of the reformed systems in different way in each country. From the results of these analyses I also give some possible recommendations for the elementary modifications in Czech system in the final part.
|
guest ::
