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Polymorphism of microsatellite markers in selected \kur{Beauveria bassiana} strains/isolates
KRÁLOVÁ, Martina
\kur{Beauveria bassiana} is a entomopathogenic polyphagous fungus commonly found in soil and it is parasite of soil insects, mainly of the stages of insect that occur in soil. At the present time it is used in plant protection against more than 70 species of insects. In the Czech Republic \kur{Beauveria bassiana} has the greatest importance in the fight against bark beetle \kur{Ips typographus} in the NP Šumava in these days. This study was focused on the evaluation of genetic variability \kur{Beauveria bassiana} strains on the basis of microsatellite analysis and the comparison of four separation methods: electrophoresis in 2% agarose gel, electrophoresis in 3% synergel, chip electrophoresis and fluorescent capillary electrophoresis in term of the most precise separation of PCR products. We used 41 strains which were collected in the NP Šumava and 20 strains from long-term collection determined as an exotic in this study. This large geographical scale group contains the strains from whole world and in addition it was upgraded by the strains collected from the NP Krkonoše and South Moravia. For the microsatellite analysis there were used 11 pairs of primers but for inter-comparison of separative methods were chosen only 4 pairs of primers. The population of \kur{Beauveria bassiana} strains collected from the NP Šumava were evaluated by analysis of microsatellites as a conservative and fully closed regardless of the source and the location. The strains from the large geographical scale group showed the great genetic variability. In terms of separation, the best and most suitable separation method was proved, the fluorescent capillary electrophoresis. Despite of its difficult financial aspect, this method was evaluated as the most precise and the most sensitive. Its advantage is in possibility to detect the smallest differences in the length of single allele in the range 1-2 bp, which is for the gel electrophoresis impossible.
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Model V1 s realistickou distribucí funkčních typů neuronů v rámci kortikálních vrstev
Moudřík, Josef ; Sýkora, Ondřej (referee) ; Brom, Cyril (advisor)
There have been identified two functionally different neuron classes in the primary visual cortex (V1), so-called simple and complex cells. These cells differ in reactions to various stimuli and their development has been successfully simulated in one computational model of V1. This model, however, simulates both classes in separate layers corresponding to layers 4C and 2/3 in V1. On the contrary, experiments have shown that both categories are - in different proportions - present in both layers. In this thesis, a computational model with a realistic distribution of complex and simple cells is presented. To increase its authenticity, I incorporate long-range excitatory and short-range inhibitory lateral cortical connections as found in animals, overcoming one drawback of previous models that used long-range inhibition. To assess my model, two measures of orientation selectivity - circular variance and orientation bandwidth - were computed for each simulated neuron. Using this measures, I compared my model with data from macaque monkey. In line with biological findings, my model develops a wide diversity of orientation selectivity. Moreover, it develops maps of orientation preference and realistic receptive fields.
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Optimization of collection routes in a selected region
SIEBENBRUNER, Vít
The aim of the diploma thesis "Optimization of collection routes in a selected region" was to develop a method of evaluation of efficiency of current routes used for garbage collection in urban region and, if these are found inefficient, design more efficient ones. The analysis was performed on a data set pertaining to separated refuse in the city of České Budějovice.
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Actuoecology of testate amoebae in fresh water and soil environment in enteraction with fungi and their analysis with new microscopic techniques
Burdíková, Zuzana ; Holcová, Katarína (advisor) ; Jansa, Jan (referee) ; Hudáčková-Hlavatá, Natália (referee)
4 Abstract The present thesis focuses on testate amoebae (TA) and their relationship to their natural environment, as well as on relevant microscopic imaging methods. The bulk of the data has been published in original scientific papers and is compiled into three separate chapters (Pt I, Pt II and Pt III), each annotated by a brief introduction. (Pt I) The methods section is devoted to specialized microscopic techniques employed to broaden the scope of the ecological analyses. In particular, precise discrimination between live and dead individuals, biomass determination inside individual tests and a multi-modal visualization of the cytoplasm and organelles enhance the data. Laser scanning confocal microscopy and two-photon microscopy are the main imaging modalities employed to study TA morphology in detail. The data have implications for taxonomy and ecophysiology, including the use of TA as bioindicators of pollution. (Pt II) An actuoecological analysis focuses on the seasonal variability of TA species composition in a freshwater ecosystem, namely the Komo any ponds in Prague, during the course of the year. The species composition variation is correlated to simultaneously recorded limnological parameters such as temperature, pH, contamination by (heavy) metals (As, Cd, Mn, Ni, Fe, Pb), polycyclic aromatic...
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Housing Price Determinants in the Czech Republic
Markvartová, Lenka ; Hlaváček, Michal (advisor) ; Šolc, Jan (referee)
Housing market was considered stable until housing prices in many countries after global crises rapidly decreased. Still the development of housing prices and its determinants are unique for every country. The goal of this work is to find the factors that affect the housing prices in the Czech Republic using endogenous models. This type of econometric models enables to explore both short and long term relationships. The theoretical part of the work focuses on housing prices monitoring issues and the specific price development in the Czech Republic in comparison to other countries. Furthermore different level and development of housing prices in Prague are discussed. Due to this fact two types of tests are used - for the Czech Republic as a whole and for Prague separately. The variables housing loans included are based on previous results of Czech as well as foreign studies. Thanks to detected long term relationships an endogenous VECM model can be applied. It confirms bidirectional influence of housing prices and housing loan volume. This relationship could not have been analyzed sofar due to relatively short time series which limit the choice of particular models. My results suggest that growth in housing loan volume causes an increase in housing prices with more than one year delay. This effect...
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Biosystematic revision of the Spergularia echinosperma complex
KÚR, Pavel
This thesis is focused on the biosystematic study of the Central-European endemic Spergularia echinosperma. With the combined use of morphometric analyses, genome size measurements and molecular tools, the taxonomic issues associated with this species have been clarified. The existence of S. kurkae, a stable allotetraploid hybrid between diploid S. echinosperma and tetraploid S. rubra, has been proven. Based on several lines of evidence, including distinct morphological separation and frequent occurrence in the absence of the parental species, treating S. kurkae as a separate species is proposed. In addition, two infraspecific taxa within S. echinospermaS. echinosperma subsp. echinosperma and S. echinosperma subsp. albensisdiffering in distributions and ecology have been described. A complete revision of the localities of S. echinosperma, S. kurkae and S. rubra in the Czech Republic is also presented. Furthermore, the development of 16 polymorphic microsatellite loci for S. echinosperma is reported.
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Invisible nationalism or Czech advertising to the core
Synaková, Katarína ; Köppl, Daniel (advisor) ; Šoltys, Otakar (referee)
The concept of banal nationalism as Michael Billig introduces it in his works is possible to use in various areas of social science. The options of its use can be surely found even in the field of media studies. I have decided to apply this approach in analyzing five chosen Czech advertisements. These ads have various looks, they are focused on different groups of recipients and at first they differ havily from each other. My goal was to find the elements of the banal nationalism in them and separate these from the big nationalism, the demostrative one. I was interested in what elements do producers of ads use when they create an ad for a domestic audienceand what elements they use to create an ad for an audience that can hardly be called domestestic. I was focused not just on the obvious elements, but also on the petit differences and nuances which often come to be very important. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Biological Active Plant Metabolites II. Alkaloids of Corydalis cava (L.) Schweigg. & Körte (Fumariaceae) and Screening of Their Biological Properties
Průša, Jan ; Opletal, Lubomír (referee) ; Cahlíková, Lucie (advisor)
Průša, J.: Biological Active Plant Metabolites II. Alkaloids of Corydalis cava (L.) Schweigg. & Körte (Fumariaceae) and Screening of Their Biological Properties. Rigorous Thesis, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology, Hradec Králové 2010, 69 p. Within the screening of plants that contains alkaloids inhibiting the activity of the human erythtocytic acetylcholinesterase and human serum butyrylcholinesterase Corydalis cava (L.) Schweigg. & Körte (Fumariaceae) was studied. This work connect to my diploma thesis (2009). The task was to separate mixture of alkaloids from extract "B-chloroform" subfraction F1-3. This subfraction was prepared within the frame of diploma thesis. From this mixture, using preparative TLC, were isolated two compounds in the form of free bases. On the basis of MS, NMR and comparing data in literature these two substances were identified as sinoacutine and sebiferine. The isolated compounds inhibited the human erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase and human blood serum butyrylcholinesterase with IC50 for AChE sinoacutine > 1 mM and sebiferine > 1 mM and with IC50 for BuChE sinoacutine> 1 mM and sebiferine > 1 mM. These compounds showed no inhibition aktivity to AChE and BuChE for the development of...
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Biological Active Plant Metabolites I. Alkaloids of Corydalis cava (L.) Schweigg. & Körte (Fumariaceae) and Screening of Their Biological Properties
Sekula, Marek ; Jahodář, Luděk (referee) ; Cahlíková, Lucie (advisor)
Sekula, M.: Biological Active Plant Metabolites I. Alkaloids of Corydalis cava (L.) Schweigg. & Körte (Fumariaceae) and Screening of Their Biological Properties. Rigorous thesis, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology, Hradec Králové 2010, 65 p. Within the screening of plants that contains alkaloids inhibiting the activity of the human erythtocytic acetylcholinesterase and human serum butyrylcholinesterase Corydalis cava (L.) Schweigg. & Körte (Fumariaceae) was studied. This work connect to my diploma thesis (2009). The task was to separate mixture of alkaloids from extract "B-chloroform" subfraction F1. This subfraction was prepared within the frame of diploma thesis. From this mixture, using preparative TLC, were isolated two compounds F1-1A and F1-1C in the form of free bases. On the basis of MS, NMR and IR spektroskopy the isolated alkaloid F1-1A was identified as 3-(1-(6,7- dimethoxy-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-1-yl)ethyl)-2,6-dimethoxy-phenol. It is the first isolation and description of this compound. Structural analysis of compound F1-1C is continuing. The isolated compound F1-1A inhibited the human erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase and human blood serum butyrylcholinesterase with IC50 for AChE (127,6×10-6 M) and with...
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Theoretical and methodological perspective of cross-national comparative surveys (Application of cluster analysis in comparative analyses of European Social Survey)
Anýžová, Petra ; Vinopal, Jiří (advisor) ; Buriánek, Jiří (referee)
The thesis deals with the theoretical and methodological perspectives of comparative cross-national surveys. The importance of these perspectives currently increases, especially because of the creation of extensive continual international programs, as for instance European Social Survey, which realize quantitative researches with broad range of social topics. The Czech Republic began to engage in these international projects after 1989. The first goal of my thesis was to map the contributions which comparative studies bring into the combination of the theory and research in the area of sociology and illustrate the ability of comparative studies to contribute to the constructions of new theories and verifications of already existing theories. The thesis focuses also on the description of specific attributes which separate comparative studies from the standard monocultural studies. The second goal of my thesis was to describe methodological background of comparative survey researches with an emphasis on the concept of equivalence in cross-national research and on the achieving of quality of international surveys. Apart from the general methodological characterization an attention was paid to the specific approaches of the analysis of collected international data. Cluster analysis seems to be the most...
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