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Democratic legitimacy of politics: competence to suffrage and logic of election
Vorlíček, Jan ; Buben, Radek (advisor) ; Znoj, Milan (referee)
The aim of this study is to analyze legitimacy of policy. Its fulfillment should emerge from detailed inquiry of the essential sense of social institutions. The work is divided into three chapters therefore. The first chapter deals with law as a basic system of order of social relations. It explains its fundamental social goal (reducing transaction costs of social action) and its influence on the development of civilization. It discusses in detail the property rights as a fundament of any real legal system - both at the legal level and economic level (i.e. how the system of property rights coordinates social activities and allocates scarce resources, how it creates the elite, and when there is a fault efficiency of this process). The second chapter deals with the social obligations which are necessary condition for preservation of law. These obligations are labeled as taxes (as opposed to tributes that basis is not in the obligation to maintain the legal system and are only ransom inherently). Particular attention is paid to the fair distribution of these obligations (tax justice) and also to the impact of taxation on the development of civilization. The last (third) chapter deals with institutional framework of society, i.e. the exercise of public power and public administration (government...
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Crime in Czech media: Image of crime in Mladá fronta Dnes and Právo newpapers
Pecháček, Jan ; Trampota, Tomáš (advisor) ; Nečas, Vlastimil (referee)
Diploma thesis "Crime in Czech media: Image of crime in Mladá fronta Dnes and Právo newspapers" tries to map way and development of crime presentation in print media in the years of 1996 and 2006, using a content analysis. In the initial, theoretical part, there are the basic hypothesis explained, a description of crime from the sociological perspective and a description of crime history in former Czechoslovakia and in the Czech Republic from 80's of the 20th century until the present time. Further, there is an explanation of relevant chapters from media studies. The pracical part consists of a description of the research method and the portrayal of the research process. It continues with the content analysis itself and the evaluation of collected data. The data are presented in percentage rates and displayed in charts. Acquired rates have been compared with each other and have been searched for further relations amongst them. In the conclusion there is an overall summary of the research findings and their evaluation concerning the basic hypothesis.
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The development of the crime on credits in the South Bohemia before 2014
BUŠKOVÁ, Tereza
The aim of this study is to analyze the development of committing a credit fraud offence under § 211 of the Act. no. 40/2009 Coll., the Penal Code (particularly the development of this crime and the development of the amount of the damage) and consequent comparing the selected macroeconomic indicators development in the period 2005-2014 in the region of South Bohemia. In this work secondary data analysis methods were used. Statistical data obtained from the South Bohemian branch of the Czech Statistical Office and statistical data from Crime Police of the Czech Republic was used as the source. The data evaluating the amount of detected cases of this crime committed by the offenders in the Region South Bohemia, according to the region where the fraud was commited, was analyzed. The analyzed file was 5,713 offenses and 4,219 offenders. The defined set was divided into seven parts (districts), according to the local jurisdiction of the territorial departments of the Czech Police. The observed data was compared with selected macroeconomic indicators. From the results it can be concluded that the highest rate of loan fraud offence (calculated per 1,000 inhabitants) is in the district Stra-konice. Conversely, the lowest crime in the same period is in the district Jindřichův Hradec. This work also re-vealed that the development of macroeconomic indicators has no effect on the development of this crime. In conclusion, it is recommended to promote economic education at primary and secondary schools, thus improving the financial literacy of the population. Furthermore, we can recommend the consistent use of, the Central Credit Register, which is already available, as well as supporting of changes in the legislation, so that the providers have an obligation to investigate the credit applicants more and make the offenders of this crime discouraged by higher penalties imposed for credit fraud.
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The Art/The Crime The Crime/The Art
Blail, Michael ; Zálešák, Jan (referee) ; Koleček, Michal (referee) ; Rozbořil, Blahoslav (referee) ; Palla, Marian (advisor)
The main title of the doctoral thesis - ART/CRIME - CRIME/ART - point to a general investigation of these two phenomenons. This investigation makes up the background of the main theme of the thesis, which is an actual event of the mysterious death of the painter and shepherd K.. At work I spend time with alternative investigations of this death and the goal is an attempt to reconstruct the events and effort of discovering the answers what happened that night and whether or not a killer really existed or not.
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An analysis of crime in Prague in 2014 and its impact on economy
Dragounová, Jana ; Barák, Vladimír (advisor) ; Štípek, Vladimír (referee)
The aim of this bachelor thesis is the mapping of crime in the capital city of Prague in 2014 and its impact on economy of stakeholders. The theoretical part defines the concept of crime, describes factors which increase the probability of occurrence and development of crime and its economic consequences. In addition to this, some important theories dealing with crime and methods by which crime is reported are mentioned. Considerable attention is paid to the security situation in the Czech Republic in 2014. In the practical part, an analysis of expenditure on security is carried out. Preventive policy of Prague is also discussed and grant and subsidy programs, which are the source of its funding, are analyzed. Moreover, the criminality in Prague is analyzed not only globally, but also in the territory of Prague 1, 5 and 11 which show an increased incidence of crime.
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Compliance with the Geneva Conventions and Additional Protocols in armed conflict since 1990.
ČERMÁKOVÁ, Irena
The armed conflicts to humanity for centuries. Almost always the reason for armed conflict dominion over certain territories. If we focus on armed conflicts closest to us history, it is clear that these include first and second World War. These two wars have caused thousands of deaths on all sides and great hardship of the civilian population. After World War II it seemed that the end of armed conflicts. Nevertheless, followed by the war in Korea or Vietnam, where once again innocent civilians died. But this is more than fifty years of history. Unfortunately, the armed conflict is still repeated, and since 1990 there were more than a hundred and twenty. Although not a war of such magnitude, which is involved in the entire world, but they have also been responsible for hundreds of deaths. The trend of conflict after the Cold War is undoubtedly the killing of civilians. Unfortunately, the loss ratio for the armed forces and civilians dramatically changed. Particularly in Africa are relatively small losses on fighting units. But civilians are dying by the hundreds of thousands. Reasons for armed conflict after the Cold War are different. In most cases, however, it is the territory and related ethnic cleansing, or wealth, which are eg. in Africa diamonds. The purpose of my thesis was draw attention to the constant threats to fundamental human rights in armed conflicts are totally ignored. The theoretical part describes international humanitarian law, which should be the basis for armed conflict. And describes the basic principles of international humanitarian law and the types of armed conflict under international humanitarian law. The theoretical part also describes some of the articles of the Geneva Conventions and the Additional Protocols to the armed conflict since 1990 are the most commonly used and are very serious. Due to the number of armed conflicts since 1990, which was more than 120, is shown in the work of ten selected armed conflicts. In selected conflicts are described various war crimes that were committed against the civilian population. These crimes are similar in countries that are a common culture or mentality. In African countries is the same crimes. The difference is mostly in scale committing these war crimes. The same is true even in the conflicts in the former Yugoslavia. In this thesis were consumed interviews with some participants armed conflicts, which greatly helps us to better understand the war crimes that were committed during the armed conflict. Processing and evaluation of the results was done in MS Word and MS Excel.
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Drug decriminalization against crime
Smil, Martin ; Písař, Pavel (advisor) ; Loužek, Marek (referee)
Purpose of this paper is to determine, if decriminalization of soft drugs, such as marijuana, could decrease the rate of crime. In the first part i will describe the basic relations of drug prohibition, primarily with quality of drugs, offered quantity, price and crimes connected with drug prohibition and drug market (for drug users and drug suppliers separately) in mind. I will also describe reactions of black market on state drug enforcement, mainly in relation with crime. These effects of prohibition I will illustrate on both american alcohol and drug prohibition. I intend to descrime Iron law of prohibition on both these prohibitions. In the analytic part of this paper I will focus on case of decriminilization of marijuana in Netherlands after year 1976, when possession and use of marijuana was allowed. I want to describe, which thoughts led to this change. It will be also interesting to find out with which other steps was the decriminalization accompanied (decentralization of solving drug problem, treatment and prevention). Above all, I want to find out which impact had decriminalization on the crime level, if it raised or decreased.
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Vyplatí se trest odnětí svobody?
Tulisová, Marie ; Běláčková, Vendula (advisor) ; Nováček, Jan (referee)
Tato bakalářská práce je zaměřena na vývoj teorií v oblasti páchání zločinu. Rovněž je zde uveden vývoj pojetí funkcí trestu a způsobu trestání. V teoretické části je dále poukázáno na výkon trestu odnětí svobody jako na neefektivní z hlediska působení na vývoj kriminální recidivy. Analýza ekonomické efektivnosti potlačování zločinu ukazuje, že náklady na jednoho uvězněného zločince jsou až čtyřikrát vyšší než výnosy z jeho uvěznění. V praktické části je dále uvedeno, od jaké výše by se trest peněžní pokuty vyplatil více než trest odnětí svobody.
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Regional differentiation of criminality in the Czech republic.
Dejmek, Jiří ; Nezdařilová, Eva (advisor) ; Macháček, Jaroslav (referee)
Tato diplomová práce se zabývá kriminologickými aspekty trestných činů v ČR se zaměřením na socio-ekonomické a prostorové charakteristiky páchané kriminality a regionální diferenciaci kriminality v ČR. Součástí diplomové práce je popis vývoje teorií objasňujících kriminalitu, tedy vývoje kriminologických přístupů, včetně současného ekonomického přístupu ke kriminalitě prezentovaného zástupci chicagské školy. Úvodní obecná analýza regionální diferenciace kriminality je v diplomové práci základním kamenem pro následnou detailní analýzu majetkové kriminality a vzájemných závislostí mezi naměřenými hodnotami majetkové kriminality a socio-ekonomickými jevy, provedené za účelem hlubšího pochopení kriminality jako sociálního fenoménu. Zároveň práce pojednává o možnostech predikce vývoje trestné činnosti a budoucích hrozeb v podobě nárůstu kriminality ve strukturálně postižených a hospodářsky slabých regionech, a také poskytuje možná doporučení, jak potenciálním hrozbám předcházet. Diplomová práce by měla poskytnout ucelený pohled na kriminalitu v ČR tak, aby se mohla stát případným podkladem pro příjímání opatření orgány veřejné správy za účelem sociální kontroly.
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