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Linguistic interpretation of a legal text in philosophical contexts
Švára, Ondřej ; Wintr, Jan (advisor) ; Tryzna, Jan (referee)
SUMMARY: Linguistic interpretation of a legal text in philosophical contexts Keywords: philosophy of law, interpretation of law, language interpretation The thesis deals in a broader sense of the word with interpretation of legal texts and in the strict sense of the word with language interpretation itself. At the beginning of my thesis I explain why this is so particularly topical and problematic issue in the contemporary law. The reason is mainly the fact that because of many changes and events the modern law is more complex and extensive than in the past. This naturally leads to the question how to interpret such law. The aim of the thesis was to compare the relationship of law and language in the context of analytical philosophy, which was one of the most influential intellectual movements of the 20th century. The language is a paradigm of many scientific theories nowadays and as such deserves more intention of lawyers. I focused mainly on the role of meaning of words used for interpretation. In particular, I discussed the issue whether a legal term can name a thing. The most important finding of my thesis is the following one: No, things can not be named by meaning of the individual expressions. To prove the theory the thesis also deals with some other philosophical issues. Chapter VIII, for...
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Maternal entrainment during prenatal ontogenesis of the rat
Nováková, Marta ; Sumová, Alena (advisor) ; Novotná, Růžena (referee)
Under constant conditions, many biological processes repeat regularly with a period about 24 hour, i.e., exhibit circadian rhythms. For example, these rhythms are in sleep/wakefulness, locomotor activity, hormonal secretion and body temperature. In mammals, circadian rhythms are controlled centrally from the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN). At the molecular level, the periodicity of these rhythms is due to the rhythmic expression of clock genes within individual neurons of the SCN. The expression of the clock genes is controlled by transcriptional-translational feedback loops. Apart form the SCN, the clock genes are rhytmically transcribed also in various peripheral tissues. The peripheral oscillations are synchronized centrally by the SCN clock that is entrained precisely to the 24 hour day by regular changes of the light and dark period, namely by the light period of the day. The central and peripheral circadian clocks drive rhythmic expression of clock-controlled genes and thus affect many physiological processes. Malfunctions in the circadian system may contribute to development of many diseases, such as malignant growth, obesity or sleep disorders. Circadian clock in the SCN develops gradually during prenatal and early postnatal period. In the rat, this period lasts from around 14th day of...
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The study oxidative stress markers in animal model of chronic colitis in large intestine.
Hocková, Erika ; Němečková, Ivana (referee) ; Nachtigal, Petr (advisor)
Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are both entities of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The nuclear transcription factor kappaB (NFκB) family consists of five different members, which are namely p65 (RelA), c-Rel, RelB, p50 and p52. NFκB has ability to promote the expression of various proinflammatory genes, to influence the course of mucosal inflammation and to mediate different cell-type specific effects. Bilirubin is an endogenous substance with anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects, which influences the process of inflammation and has protective effect. This diploma thesis was aimed at conduction of methods of NFκB detection on paraffine tissue slices and observation of NFκB expression in large intestine walls of normobilirubin and hyperbilirubin rats (Gunn's variety) after chronic imunohistochemically- induced inflammation. Eight Gunn's variety rats (G+ ) and eight Wistar's variety rats (K+ ) were used in this study, all after long time administration of dextrane-sulfate (DSS). For seven following days, DSS (in concentration of 2%w/v) was added into drinkable water for these rats, followed by 14 days of clear drinkable water (without DSS) administered to rats. This three-weeks long cycle was repeated twice (3 cycles in total were completed). Six rats of both varieties (6 G+ and 6...
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Community property of spouses and undertaking business
Chocholová, Aneta ; Frintová, Dita (advisor) ; Pohl, Tomáš (referee)
Resumé The topic of this thesis was called "The estate by the entirety and the enterprise". As it is obvious from the title, the discourse deals with the legal adaptation of property relations between husbands in connection with undertaking no matter whtether carry on business one's or both. Simultaneously it deals with the problems of the protection of the party that is weaker economically or in other way. No less target of importace is protection the third party as well. Odds are that this dissertation on the theme of community does not contain all matters dealing with because matrimonial law of property covers so extensive area that every indivivual aspekt of this specific kind of property partnership would appertain essay. It would be posiible to write paper on this topic about much more pages but that wasn't the aim. The object consisted in creation certain summmary and vignette here of institute. My dissertation targets the spousal joint ownership being influenced and threatened by a spouse-businessman. But it's the only one visual angle on this problem. On the other hand also community can have an averse effet on undertaking. In future the engaged couple should approach to their prospective marital proprietary more responsibly and be not afraid to express their will. The basis of this thesis is the...
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Language means of propositions with appeal communicative function - recommendations, advices
Kozáková, Irena ; Nádvorníková, Olga (referee) ; Loucká, Hana (advisor)
This thesis "Language means of propositions with appeal communicative function - recommendations, advices" is focused on analysis and on ordering of language means which are characteristic for the mentioned type of propositions. The propositions with the appeal communicative functions represent a broad spectrum of varied propositions. This thesis is concentrated on the written form, in concrete terms on texts which indicate what and how to do something. The special type of these texts is called directions and forms the main object of this work. This thesis is devided into two parts - theoretical and practical. The theoretical part refers at first to the used published citations and explains the basic linguistic terms connected with the propositions with appeal communicative function. Afterwards, it gives the description of the language means that express the appeal and of the syntactical structures of these propositions. Finaly, this part describes the varied texts with appeal communicative function-recommendations, advices and specifies the concrete type of later analysed texts - the directions - as well as their classification into three groups: 1) directions for use of concrete products, 2) instructions to get rid of concrete problems and 3) itinerary. The practical part studies progressively nine...
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Issues in the research of visual space perception: The geometry of visual space, relationship between the spatial descriptors, and the metric vs. ordinal data
Šimeček, Michal ; Šikl, Radovan
In the article, the authors summarize the main results of their research activity in the field of visual space perception. In the particular experimental projects, they focused on the relationship between the partial spatial descriptors in the process of forming the complex three-dimensional percept. Also, the geometry of the optical space was dealt in with respect to the Euclidean geometry of the physical space. The principle finding concerns the notion of anisotropic curvature of visual space. Finally, the question of plausibility of experiments requiring the perceptual judgements as expressed in metrical units (Euclidean tasks) was raised. The reason for this approach being used is to gather data directly comparable with the physical properties of space. On the other hand, in Euclidean tasks, the ecological validity of knowledge gained is inevitably limited and the danger of intrusion of nonperceptual factors is pervasive.
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The effect of partial agonist of serotonin-1A receptor on cognitive functions in animal model of schizophrenia
Antošová, Eliška ; Valeš, Karel (advisor) ; Telenský, Petr (referee)
Serotoin is a neurotransmitter participating in regulation of many physiologic fuctions. Main serotogenous neurons can be found in nukleus raphe of the brain stem. Nucleus raphe inervates many areas of the brain including the cerebal cortex and hipocampus. These structures are important for controling of higher cognitive functions. 5HT1A receptor is one of many subtypes of serotonin receptors and its activation inhibits iniciating of the action potencials. 5HT1A receptor is expressed presynapticaly as an autorecpetor in nucleus raphe. Activation of 5HT1A receptors decreased the output of the serotonin in the target structures. This key position enables to regulate the serotonin level in the brain. 5HT1A receptor can be found also postsynapticaly as an heteroreceptor in the hippocampus and in the brain cortex, where it affects the output of many other neurotransmitters. Experimental studies indicate that affecting of the 5HT1A function can improve many neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, anxiety, depresion and it can also moderate the congitive deficit. It is supposed that the activation of 5HT1A autoreceptors and the inhibition of 5HT1A heteroreceptors can positively affect the cognigtive abilities. It seems that 5TH1A autoreceptors are more sensible for pharmacologic influence. Thus in these...
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Electronic payment order in civil procedure
Spurná, Julie ; Macková, Alena (advisor) ; Pohl, Tomáš (referee)
Electronic payment order in civil procedure Abstract Electronic payment order is introduced into the Czech legal system by the amendment of the Civil Judicial Procedure Rules no. 123/2008 Sb. implementing a new institution within the payment order procedure. Electronic payment order is presented as an institution able to help the Czech judiciary system within the shortened civil procedure by the application of the computerization of civil procedure. I decided to begin my thesis with a chapter trying to clarify the role of electronic payment order within the frame of the computerization of justice. I provided a brief account of the development and contemporary trends related to the computerization of justice and I approached the individual institutions which I regarded as appropriate to mention in order to understand the given institution within the whole context. The third chapter deals with reasons for which the institution was implemented into the Czech legal system. I carried out a detail analysis of the explanatory report to the Act introducing the institution of electronic payment order and I made an effort to outline the main reasons for the amendment and to arrange the objectives intended to be achieved by the implementation of the new institution. The third chapter focuses on the institution of the...
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Cloning and characterisation of selected Class II formins
Stillerová, Lenka ; Cvrčková, Fatima (advisor) ; Rösel, Daniel (referee)
Formins are proteins involved in regulation and construction of actin filaments of eucaryotic organism. They parcipitate in regulating cytokinesis, polar tip growth, and thus participate in development of whole organisms. There are 2 classes of formins in Arabidopsis thaliana. Both classes include FH1 and FH2 domains (formin homology 1 a 2). Class I formins have N-terminal transmembrane domain, unlike class II formins. Some formins of class II have a N-terminal PTEN domain (Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog). Sequence analyses predicted membrane binding via phosphatase or C2 subdomain of PTEN. This thesis was focused on the formin AtFH14, specifically its PTEN domain. Based on predicted sequence, a DNA fragment encoding the PTEN domain was amplified, sequenced and cloned to destination vectors for YFP and EOS phusions. Marked protein was visualized by transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana. Stably transformed Arabidopsis lines were prepared for stably expression of protein. The tagged protein was localized in cortical cytoplasm, cytoplasmatical strands, probably in nuclear membrane or perinuclear cytoplasm, as well as in peculiar "folicle-like" structures that might be due to binding of PTEN at the periphery of some membrane organelles. Also were seen filament structures, maybe caused by PTEN binding...
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The role of SNW/SKIP proteins in splicing
Hollá, Sandra ; Novotný, Marian (advisor) ; Kozáková, Eva (referee)
SNW proteins are essential nuclear factors whose name was derived from the conserved motif SNW. They can be found with various representatives across the eukaryotic empire. SNW proteins are involved in regulating many cellular processes - for example regulation of gene expression and cell cycle. By far the most information about the function of human homologue provides SKIP/NCoA-62, which was found in a number of signaling pathways. Yet it is not fully understood the function of SNW proteins. In this work, I would like to focus on the role of SNW proteins in pre-mRNA splicing, particularly in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, where most results were acquired. Key words: SNW protein, Prp45, splicing pre-mRNA, SKIP/NCoA-62, Prp22
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