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A comparison of SH3 domains' tyrosine phosporylation influence on their binding capacity
Tatárová, Zuzana ; Novotný, Marian (advisor) ; Kuthan, Martin (referee)
Understanding the impact of protein phosphorylation is very important for the formation of dynamic biological processes such as gene silencing, cell growth, differentiation or apoptosis. This work deals with the phosphorylation of a protein-interaction module known as SH3 domain and the influence of phosphorylation on its ligand-binding capacity. SH3 domain is a part of a large number of enzymes directly involved in signal transduction as well as adapter proteins without enzymatic activity. Many studies have shown the importance of tyrosine sites within SH3 domain in regulatory mechanisms of proteins by using either mutants that cannot be phosphorylated, mutants mimicking the negative charges created by phosphorylation or by evidence of in vivo phosphorylation. The work also includes bioinformatic analysis, which further expand our knowledge of SH3 phosphorylated proteins and confirms that phosphorylation of the tyrosine sites is conserved among proteins containing the SH3 domain.
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Preparative diastereomeric separation of silybin and its sulfates by RP-HPLC
Kolářová, Petra ; Tesařová, Eva (advisor) ; Kalíková, Květa (referee)
Silymarin is standardized extract isolated from fruits of Milk Thistle plant (Silybum marianum). The principal component of silymarin is silybin. This flavonolignan is mainly responsible for the medicinal effects of Milk Thistle fruits: antioxidant, hepatoprotective, anticancer and chemoprotective activities. Natural silybin exists as an equimolar mixture of diastereomers A and B whose preparative separation is very hard. It was shown that the biological activity of silybin A and B are different. Silybin in the blood conjugates mainly to sulfates. The structure or biological activity of the sulfates is not yet known. The aim of this work is to develop practically applicable method for preparative separation of diastereomers of silybin A and B, and sulfates, which are considered as one of the major metabolites of silybin. The preparative method for separation of silybin A and B in the mobile phase consisting of 50% MeOH on the chromatographic column Labio C18 25x250 mm, was developed. In addition, preparative method for separation of mixture of products accured from the sulphation of silybin-23-acetate in the mobile phase consisting of MeOH/H2O 60/40 (v/v) with addition of 10 ml/l HCOOH, was optimized.
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Cannabis sativa - the Plant Used and Abused
Odcházelová, Tereza ; Pavlasová, Lenka (referee) ; Skýbová, Jana (advisor)
Cannabis sativa - the plant which is discussed in all social communities. Some of them hold a brief for it and the others curse it. This is the main reason why I wrote my bachelor work Cannabis sativa - the Plant Used and Abused particulary about this plant. The work informs the readers about the taxonomy and anatomical structure of this plant, we mentioned the history of growing the hemp, and the use and abuse of the plant is summed up according to various authors. Finally, a research at a secondary school of the knowledge of students and their teachers about Cannabis sativa was carried out. The results showed common minor knowledge of the plant itself, and the studens, as well as their teachers, proved wider information of the drug form of this plant. The older studets are better informed than the younger ones, in the case of their teachers this goes conversely and boys have better information than girls. This work should be a useful summary of both positive and negative aspects of Cannabis sativa for all who want to know something more about this plant.
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Oxalates in rocks and plants
Novotná, Julie ; Hruška, Jakub (referee) ; Jehlička, Jan (advisor)
SUMMARY: The presence of oxalates is widespread not only as kidney stones, but in whole nature. It is well known that oxalates are products of some plants, fungi and lichens. The accumulates of calcium oxalates are increased in: sorrel, rhubarb, spinach, soya, dieffenbachia, etc. Oxalates serve many important functions in plants such as calcium regulation, protection from herbivory and metal detoxification. Aluminum detoxification is ability of plants, which is critical factor for crop production. Breeding of commercially viable low oxalate cultivars or genetic manipulation with crops should deal to enhance of nutritional quality and enhance of agricultural production too. The presentation of oxalates in rocks is well representing by calcium oxalate minerals, whewellite and weddellite. Minerals occur in sediments into precipitated forms within concretions and hydrothermal veins or dispersed form into modern sediments, e.g. peats. Oxalates are biologic products, therefore they can indicate biological activities, so oxalates should be sought for researching on cosmic objects. The observation of oxalates on Earth and interpretation of the Raman spectra is necessary in these types of study.
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The biological activity of compounds contained in plants XVIII. Antimicrobial activity of some secondary metabolites 2.
Váňová, Jana ; Siatka, Tomáš (referee) ; Opletal, Lubomír (advisor)
Váňová, J.: Biological Activity of Plant Metabolites XVII. Antimicrobial Activity of Some Secondary Metabolites 2. Rigorous Thesis, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology, Hradec Králové 2009, 106 pp. The antibacterial activity of 4 selected plant extracts was evaluated against E. coli O157:H7 and Staphylococcus aureus. Extracts were prepared by extraction in 80% ethanol and subsequent percolation. Two methods were used for determination of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). In the first case the values of MIC expected for E .coli on the basis of the other literature studies were not reached. All samples within the concentration range of 5 - 0,005 ppm which were prepared in two series were negative even after 48 hours exposition. In the second case better results were reached for E. coli and S. aureus. Two series of serial twofold dilutions within the concentration range of 25 %-0.02 % were prepared. The lowest values of MIC were exhibited by Thymus vulgaris extract, especially against Gram-positive indicator strain. Nevertheless the values of MIC remain very high (3.13 % for E. coli, 0.2 % for S. aureus). For determination of minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) in E. coli O157:H7 and E. coli O55 seven essential...
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Analysis of pension reform with the introduction of a link between the number of children and pension
Bělošický, Alexandr ; Klazar, Stanislav (advisor) ; Hartlová, Alena (referee)
This thesis focuses on the analysis of non-traditional approach to reforming the pay-as-you-go pension system by introducing a link between the number of children and the amount of pension, which is known as the Children PAYG. An analysis of the concept in general and of specific proposals for reform with its application is performed in the analytical part. Attention is also given to related topics. One of them is to assess the impact of the pension system on fertility. Further issue is to examine the costs of raising a child that are shared by parents and society as a whole. One of the main outputs of this thesis is a summary of positive and negative features of the Children PAYG concept. The concept is considered applicable in domestic conditions based on this analysis. Finally there are two recommended approaches to the Czech pension reform, the first one is based on the concept of Children PAYG with limiting the role of family policy, the second one is based on maintaining current pay-as-you-go system in a limited form of so-called flat-rate pension with strengthening the role of family policy in financing the costs of raising children.
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Software Estimation
Surňák, Peter ; Buchalcevová, Alena (advisor) ; Stanovská, Iva (referee)
This thesis deals with software estimation, describes individual methods which may be used for constructing estimates in terms of effort, time and costs. It also deals with quality of estimate, the way it is used, the process of selection of the right method and other consequences. The main goal of thesis is creating a compact overview of currently known and used methods and approaches to constructing estimates. As a secondary target comes an example of practical use of estimate on a simulated project, where the way of choosing estimating method is presented, based on project attributes such as size, current stage of project or project type. For achieving these intentions, it is important to first set up basic framework of basic terms such as estimate, estimating, project and software project. Apart from just defining these terms, there are some necessary interrelations which must be explained before anything else. Another step is creating categorization of particular methods, their description, restrictions and suitable uses. The quality of an estimate, including factors which may bias, degrade or improve it, is another step towards final goal. Consequences, which may arise when wrong estimate has been provided, are one more piece of mosaic to this work. Lastly, case study demonstrate how to choose from estimating methods and use them on particular project. The expected benefits of the thesis are mainly in summarizing of existing approaches to the art of estimating broken down to categories, as well as list of principles and factors which affects an estimate and the ways estimates influence the project (in either positive or negative direction).
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The honeycomb of the jati bee: Iracema as a translation problem
Nesvedová, Kristina ; Housková, Anna (advisor) ; Dufková, Vlasta (referee)
The translation of Iracema represents difficulties on several different levels. To cope with these, it is first necessary to understand the multilayered complexity of Iracema as a work of fiction. That is why, after a brief summary of the plot, I addressed its genre, composition, the aspects of style and, above all, its language. Every work of fiction is obviously influenced by the historical and literary context and by the circumstnaces of its creation. It was therefore necessary to put Iracema into the context of Brazilian romantism and, more specifically, that of nationalist indianism. José de Alencar uses different mythological patterns creating his Iracema; in my analysis of the mythical aspect of Iracema I focused on the impact of these patterns on the formation of the imagery of the Brazilian nation. I attempted to apply the results of these partial studies on the only existing Czech translation of the book. Jarmila Vojtíšková and Jaroslav Vojtíšek translated Iracema in an elegant and easy-to-read style, which, however, ignored some of the crucial aspects, thus making the translation only partially successful. They made every effort to make the story readable without difficulties of comprehension and they took great care to make the Brazilian wildlife, its animals and plants, accessible to the Czech...
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