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Dynamical symmetries in physics
Hájek, Pavel ; Cejnar, Pavel (advisor) ; Novotný, Jiří (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to provide a definition of dynamical symme- try and to study its properties within simple quantum systems. In particular, I investigate Kepler's problem and the isotropic harmonic oscillator. Dynamical sy- mmetry is a kind of higher symmetry which is broken in a specific way. Definition of dynamical group and quantum mechanical system is presented. Subsequently, a definition of quantum degrees of freedom and quantum integrability is propo- sed. I mention briefly a possibility of finding the generators of dynamical group by considering time dependent constants of motion.
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Catalytic synthesis of polyanilines
Bláha, Michal ; Vohlídal, Jiří (advisor) ; Omastová, Mária (referee) ; Trchová, Miroslava (referee)
This Ph.D. thesis is dealing with catalytic polymerization of aniline (ANI) and partially also of substituted anilines with FeCl3/H2O2 catalyst system, in which according to obtained results both active species, Fe3+ and HO , participate in the overall polymerization mechanism, creating a synergic system. The Fe3+ /H2O2 catalyst system, also called Fenton's system can considerably lower contamination of forming neat polyanilines (PANIs) by side-products characteristic of stoichiometric polymerization. However, catalytically prepared PANIs exhibit reduced conductivity related most probably to side reactions involving radicals generated as integral components of the FeCl3/H2O2 system. Catalytic polymerization of ANI with FeCl3/H2O2 system was found to be the reaction of approx. 2nd order with respect to ANI and gives PANIs of a good quality only when [H2O2] in the reaction mixture was kept low, i.e., at under- stoichiometric ratios [H2O2]/[ANI]. At over-stoichiometric ratio [H2O2]/[ANI], PANIs of lowered conductivity, worse spectroscopic characteristics and increased size of PANI nanostructures were obtained; nevertheless, these PANIs were not over-oxidized to pernigraniline state. The reaction-time profiles of the open-circuit potential of reaction mixtures exhibited an inflection related to the...
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Catalytic synthesis of polyanilines
Bláha, Michal
This Ph.D. thesis is dealing with catalytic polymerization of aniline (ANI) and partially also of substituted anilines with FeCl3/H2O2 catalyst system, in which according to obtained results both active species, Fe3+ and HO , participate in the overall polymerization mechanism, creating a synergic system. The Fe3+ /H2O2 catalyst system, also called Fenton's system can considerably lower contamination of forming neat polyanilines (PANIs) by side-products characteristic of stoichiometric polymerization. However, catalytically prepared PANIs exhibit reduced conductivity related most probably to side reactions involving radicals generated as integral components of the FeCl3/H2O2 system. Catalytic polymerization of ANI with FeCl3/H2O2 system was found to be the reaction of approx. 2nd order with respect to ANI and gives PANIs of a good quality only when [H2O2] in the reaction mixture was kept low, i.e., at under- stoichiometric ratios [H2O2]/[ANI]. At over-stoichiometric ratio [H2O2]/[ANI], PANIs of lowered conductivity, worse spectroscopic characteristics and increased size of PANI nanostructures were obtained; nevertheless, these PANIs were not over-oxidized to pernigraniline state. The reaction-time profiles of the open-circuit potential of reaction mixtures exhibited an inflection related to the...
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Protection of Indigenous Peoples' Rights under Contemporary International Law
Rudenko, Slavomír ; Šturma, Pavel (advisor) ; Hýbnerová, Stanislava (referee) ; Jílek, Dalibor (referee)
Slavomir Rudenko: Protection of Indigenous Peoples' Rights under Contemporary International Law (Dissertation Thesis). Law Faculty of Charles University, Prague, 2012 Supervisor: prof. JUDr. Pavel Šturma, DrSc. Key words: indigenous peoples; minorities; colonialism; native; international customary law; protection of human rights; collective rights; right to self-determination; non-discrimination; cultural integrity; right to lands and natural resources; right to participation; free, prior and informed consent; monitoring mechanisms, international complaint procedures; implementation of obligations; national jurisdiction; pluriculturalism The dissertation thesis addresses the issues of the status of indigenous peoples as reflected by contemporary international law. In this scope, it aspires to present the characteristic features of the respective international order, to draw an analysis of both its universal and regional instruments and identify the subject matter in the light of the ongoing academic debate and the most current practice of international law. Against the background of historical processes of degradation, suppression, denial of human rights and discrimination of indigenous peoples it is the author's aim to highlight the rising interest of the international community, taking shape over...
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Study utility properties of heat-reflective insulation for the buildings
Rauchfussová, Karolína ; TROJAN,, Karel (referee) ; Šťastník, Stanislav (advisor)
Presented work deals with the study progressive heat-reflecting foil thermal insulating materials and defines their thermal insulation properties. The work describes a transport mechanism of thermal energy in the structure of heat-reflecting materials, their physical properties, especially heat resistance, compared to the conventional thermal insulating materials available on Czech market. The main applications ways and installation methods of these materials (especially in low-energy and passive buildings) are also shown. The practical part is focused on asembling the measuring device HOT BOX in accordance with the valid standards, to determine the heat resistance of heat-reflecting materials. In next step the measurement of reflection of aluminum foils (an integral part of the structural arrangement heat-reflecting foil insulations) was performed.
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Generalized Stokes systems - theoretical analysis approach
Holeček, Martin ; Pokorný, Milan (referee) ; Málek, Josef (advisor)
We consider steady flows of homogenous incompressible fluid described by generalized Stokes system. We study two models, first with shear-rate dependent viskosity and second with pressure and shear-rate dependent viskosity. We investigate internal flows in bounded domains subject to Navier's boundary condition. First, to show the difference, we present proofs of existence and uniqueness of solutions for both systems. Then we investigate, what are the assumptions allowing to take the fluid mechanics limit, as Navier's boundary conditions approximate first no-slip and then (perfect) slip boundary conditions. Finally, we consider for simplicity specially periodic problem and show regularity result (integrability of the second derivatives of the velocity and the first derivatives of the pressure).
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Cellular functions of tail-anchored proteins.
Martincová, Eva ; Zubáčová, Zuzana (referee) ; Doležal, Pavel (advisor)
This work reviews recent studies on the biogenesis of tail-anchored proteins. These proteins form a distinct class of integral membrane proteins which are intensively studied nowadays. Although this class of proteins is defined by the structure and membrane topology, individual proteins do not share any functional similarities. The basic cellular functions, structure and localisation are reviewed there. The work is focused mainly on the unique transport mechanisms and the determination of the target cellular compartments - endomembrane system and mitochondrial outer membrane. A separate part of the work also summarizes existing knowledge about VAP protein family which belongs to the class of tail-anchored proteins and which is conserved across all eukaryotic species. The last chapter presents results and goals of the research of these proteins in the human parasite Giardia intestinalis in the laboratory of organellar biogenesis.
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Forbidden Oxygen line emission from the traces of meteors
Habuda, Pavol ; Borovička, Jiří (advisor) ; Šolc, Martin (referee)
The aim of this diploma thesis was to study forbidden green oxygen line emission. It was found out that green line emit mainly in heights 100-110 kilometers, exceptionally below 90 kilometers. Time evolution of green line intensity with respect of heights was investigated in detail. There was suggested theoretical dependency and agreement with observed data was fulfilled. Dependency of integral intensity was investigated as well. Mechanisms of excitation and quenching of green line in emission was proposed in previous studies in 70. of previous century. This work discuss with its results. Efficiency of transformation of kinetic energy of meteoroid to forbidden green line's emission was discussed. The concentrations of atomic oxygen was estimated by several way in heights of green line emission.
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On the boundary conditions in the numerical simulation of stably stratified fluids flows
Bodnár, Tomáš ; Fraunié, P.
This paper presents the results of a numerical study of the stably stratified flow over a low smooth hill. The emphasize is on certain problems related to artificial boundary conditions used in the numerical simulations. The numerical results of three-dimensional simulations are shown for a range of Froude and Reynolds numbers in order to demonstrate the varying importance of these boundary issues in different flow regimes. The simulations were performed using the Boussinesq approximation model solved by a high-resolution numerical code. The in-house developed code is based on compact finite-difference discretization in space and Strong Stability Preserving Runge-Kutta time integration.
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Comparison of synthetic jet actuators based on sharp-edged and round-edged nozzles
Kordík, Jozef ; Trávníček, Zdeněk
Axisymmetric synthetic jet actuators based on a loudspeaker and on two types of flanged nozzles were tested and compared experimentally. The first type of the nozzle was a sharp-edged circular hole. The second one had a special design with fillets at inner and outer nozzle exit and with a small step in the middle of the nozzle. The function of the step was to prevent the flow reattachment during the extrusion stroke. The actuators with the two types of nozzles were operated at resonance and were compared first qualitatively using a simple phase locked flow visualization. Then the hot-wire anemometer was used to measure velocity \ndistributions along nozzle axis and velocity profiles at the nozzle exit. Comparison of the nozzles was based on evaluation of the characteristic velocity and integral quantities (volumetric, momentum, and kinetic energy fluxes). It was found out that these quantities, which were evaluated at the nozzle exit, differ substantially for both nozzles. On the other hand the velocity flow field in farther distances from the nozzle exit area did not exhibit such prominent differences.
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