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The effect of elevated air CO2 concentration on water regime and transpiration of Norway spruce
Valouch, Ludvík ; Pokorný, Radek ; Tomášková, Ivana
Under the elevated CO2 air concentration, changes in physiological processes and morphology were evident in relatively short time. Direct measurement via heat pulse method proved reduction of specific sap flux throw the stem in the first year of cultivation in elevated CO2. SSF in both treatments was comparable in the next tree years. During the sixth year of fumigation, higher transpiration rate in trees growing under elevated CO2 was recorded. It was implication of larger bearing leaf area, larger conducting vessels area on the in crosscut stems section and larger root absorbed area. Continuously sap flow measuring of sun and shaded part of the crown was found that SSF of higher crown part was higher in both treatments. Average hydraulic conductance soil-leaf (GTsa) was 1,4 times higher in sunny part of the crown than estimated for the whole crown in ambient treatment A (ambient [CO2] concentration). Difference in hydraulic conductance between the upper and lower crown part of the E treatment (doubled [CO2] concentration of A treatment) was not so pronounced.
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Mathematical Methods of Image Segmentation for Remote Sensing Applications
Novotný, Jan ; Klimánek, Martin (referee) ; Štarha, Pavel (referee) ; Martišek, Dalibor (advisor)
Segmentation of an image into individual tree crowns is a key step in the processing of remotely sensed data for forestry practice. The doctoral thesis gives a broad overview of this topic. It comprehends theoretical context from mathematical point of view and defines basic terms from airborne imaging and laser scanning. Mathematical methods of tree detection are focused on a robust adaptation to the actual conditions in a region of interest. A novel approach of crown area delineation is introduced, it combines a seeded region growing technique with an active contour as a crown boundary representation. The parametrisation of all algorithms is analysed in a practical half of the thesis and more application-oriented issues are mentioned. Executable computer programs are attached.
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Exploring Brain Network Connectivity through Hemodynamic Modeling
Havlíček, Martin ; Hluštík, Petr (referee) ; Šmídl,, Václav (referee) ; Jan, Jiří (advisor)
Zobrazení funkční magnetickou rezonancí (fMRI) využívající "blood-oxygen-level-dependent" efekt jako indikátor lokální aktivity je velmi užitečnou technikou k identifikaci oblastí mozku, které jsou aktivní během percepce, kognice, akce, ale také během klidového stavu. V poslední době také roste zájem o studium konektivity mezi těmito oblastmi, zejména v klidovém stavu. Tato práce předkládá nový a originální přístup k problému nepřímého vztahu mezi měřenou hemodynamickou odezvou a její příčinou, tj. neuronálním signálem. Zmíněný nepřímý vztah komplikuje odhad efektivní konektivity (kauzálního ovlivnění) mezi různými oblastmi mozku z dat fMRI. Novost prezentovaného přístupu spočívá v použití (zobecněné nelineární) techniky slepé dekonvoluce, což dovoluje odhad endogenních neuronálních signálů (tj. vstupů systému) z naměřených hemodynamických odezev (tj. výstupů systému). To znamená, že metoda umožňuje "data-driven" hodnocení efektivní konektivity na neuronální úrovni i v případě, že jsou měřeny pouze zašumělé hemodynamické odezvy. Řešení tohoto obtížného dekonvolučního (inverzního) problému je dosaženo za použití techniky nelineárního rekurzivního Bayesovského odhadu, který poskytuje společný odhad neznámých stavů a parametrů modelu. Práce je rozdělena do tří hlavních částí. První část navrhuje metodu k řešení výše uvedeného problému. Metoda využívá odmocninové formy nelineárního kubaturního Kalmanova filtru a kubaturního Rauch-Tung-Striebelova vyhlazovače, ovšem rozšířených pro účely řešení tzv. problému společného odhadu, který je definován jako simultánní odhad stavů a parametrů sekvenčním přístupem. Metoda je navržena především pro spojitě-diskrétní systémy a dosahuje přesného a stabilního řešení diskretizace modelu kombinací nelineárního (kubaturního) filtru s metodou lokální linearizace. Tato inverzní metoda je navíc doplněna adaptivním odhadem statistiky šumu měření a šumů procesu (tj. šumů neznámých stavů a parametrů). První část práce je zaměřena na inverzi modelu pouze jednoho časového průběhu; tj. na odhad neuronální aktivity z fMRI signálu. Druhá část generalizuje navrhovaný přístup a aplikuje jej na více časových průběhů za účelem umožnění odhadu parametrů propojení neuronálního modelu interakce; tj. odhadu efektivní konektivity. Tato metoda představuje inovační stochastické pojetí dynamického kauzálního modelování, což ji činí odlišnou od dříve představených přístupů. Druhá část se rovněž zabývá metodami Bayesovského výběru modelu a navrhuje techniku pro detekci irelevantních parametrů propojení za účelem dosažení zlepšeného odhadu parametrů. Konečně třetí část se věnuje ověření navrhovaného přístupu s využitím jak simulovaných tak empirických fMRI dat, a je významných důkazem o velmi uspokojivých výsledcích navrhovaného přístupu.
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Multispectral Analyse of Image Data
Novotný, Jan ; Druckmüller, Miloslav (referee) ; Martišek, Dalibor (advisor)
The airborne hyperspectral remote sensing is used as an approach to monitor actual state of environmental components. This thesis covers priority treatment to analyse of hyperspectral data with the aim of a tree crowns delineation. Specific algorithm applying adaptive equalization and the Voronoi diagrams is designed to subdivide a forest area into individual trees. A computer program executes the algorithm and allows testing it on real data, checking and analyzing the results.
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Development of transient transfection protocol for HEK293 EBNA1 cells
Šmíd, Jiří ; Španová, Alena (referee) ; Ševčík, Mojmír (advisor)
Recombinant proteins belong to considerable biofarmaceutics products used in biomedical research and in the treatment of human disease. Recombinant protines can be produced by stable transfection in big amount or by faster transient transfection with smaller amounts. To provide regular biological activity, it is necessary for the protein to be properly folded and post-translationally modified. As these modifications can be accurately performed only in mammalian cells, they have become the major host for complex r-protein expression. In this thesis is described transient transfection HEK 293 EBNA1 cells with linear polyethylenimines. These cells has been adapted to suspension cultivation in serum free medium. The cells were transfected with pcDNA3.1, pCI, pEBSV1, pCEP4, pEAK8 a pcDNA5/FRT/TO plasmids, everyone contained repoter gene SEAP. Concentration of SEAP in cell culture supernatants were determined in order to compare efficiencies of individual transfections. DNA:PEI ratio was another factor which was optimised and two different PEIs were compared. Highest achieved expresion was 50 mg per litre with transfection in 24 well plate when DNA:PEI ratio was 1:5. Comparison of six different plasmids give the bigest expresion pCEP4/SEAP, in well plate as well as in scaled up system.
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Pervasivity in Live Art
Brychta, Lukáš ; ETLÍK, Jaroslav (advisor) ; PŠENIČKA, Martin (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to offer an application of the concept of pervasivity on the field of live art. The first chapter introduces the concept as it was defined in the field of game studies, mainly by scholars of Tampere school. To fill this aim it makes use of terminology coming chiefly from social sciences. The second chapter describes the relationship between game and theatre including their common as well as dissimilar features and then adapts the pervasivity concept for the theatre field. The third chapter brings possible applications of the concept by presenting three examples of a piece's confrontation of everydayness: through accentation, fabrication and construction. The conclusion sums up possible pervasive moments in the examined pieces of art.
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SMV-2015-18: Radiative heat losses in the temperature range from 30 K to 335 K of metallic coatings with various surface treatments including simulation of cleaning on the structural materials for satellites
Králík, Tomáš
Research and development in the field of heat transfer by thermal radiation. The object of the research was verification of heat loses by the thermal radiation from surfaces of materials used for construction of satellites. The samples of the material were coated with metallic film with substantially lower emission of the thermal radiation than of the structural material. This coating was created with variation of the parameters and a cleaning process was simulated on some samples. The emission of the of the thermal radiation was measured with temperature of the sample in the range from 30 to 335 K. The measurement procedure was adapted for some samples because of the lower limit 200 K due to possible delamination of the coating. The study has verified stability of the requested thermal radiative properties of the protective metallic layer with respect to the variation of its production and subsequent cleaning process.
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Midwives competences, statute versus reality
HORÁKOVÁ, Kateřina
Obstetric assistance is a part of a complex system of maternal and child nursing care which is provided by a number of medical staff members. The role of a midwife is crucial in this system. She is a partner. She is mainly a partner of the mother-to-be and her family, the obstetrician and the whole medical team. A midwife of the 21st century is a well-trained medical staff member. She is specialized in the care for a woman with physiological pregnancy. She provides a highly specialized care for women before, during and after the birth and also for their healthy newborns and infants up to the age of six weeks. Together with the planned accession of the Czech Republic to the European Union, a gradual harmonization of education occurred in regulated professions. Midwifery is recognized as a regulated profession in the EU and its educational standards were adapted according to the EU directives. These directives set the basic objectives of the medical branch, the minimum content of the educational program, its length, the previous education of applicants and also the competencies of graduates. Nowadays the Law No.96 from 4th February 2004 and its executive regulation No. 424/2004 of the collection of Law is pivotal. A heated discussion on that Law after its formation was the impulse for this thesis. The aim of the thesis is to find out what the accordance of midwives´ competencies with the valid legistative is like in practice. The research part of the thesis took place in gynaecological-obstetrical departments in the Czech Republic. During the investigation conducted by the questionnaire method we made inquiries about the allocation of competencies in the labour ward, the midwives´ awareness and their satisfaction with the range of the care provided. The results are interesting. The ignorance of current legal regulations of midwives´ competencies was surprising. The research showed midwives´ great satisfaction with the scope of entrusted competencies. In more than a half of hospitals midwives assist physiological deliveries and carry out work activities stated by the Law. The only exception is treatment of birth injuries and the ultrasound diagnostics during birth. According to the contemporary Law the obstetrician may, but does not have to, shift a part of his or her responsibility on the midwife. It depends on the hospital and they vary a lot in this sense. But the results show that the situation is not so black and white as it is denoted by many midwives. In any case it is necessary to find such a form of cooperation from which mainly the expecting mothers will benefit. There must be a professional partnership between doctors and other medical staff members. The team cooperation and mutual respect are fundamental.
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Marketing Strategy of the Spa Lázně Poděbrady
Přibylová, Adéla ; Herget, Jan (advisor) ; Valenta, Petr (referee)
This thesis analyzes current situation of the Czech spa industry and significant changes in this field in relation to the planned health care reforms. The number of patients, whose treatment is fully funded by health insurance, will decline. These payments are important income for Czech spas. Practical part of the thesis is focused on spa marketing and suggests marketing strategy for the company Lázně Poděbrady adapted to the new economic environment.
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