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The role of humoral factors in the snail immune response against schistosomes
Košťáková, Monika ; Dvořák, Jiří (referee) ; Horák, Petr (advisor)
Digenetic trematodes such as Schistosoma mansoni use molluscs, mainly Gastropoda in their life cycle, as their intermediary hosts. e internal defense system (IDS) of snails is composed of immune cells called hemocytes, which are the main effectors and act jointly with soluble components. Humoral factors could in uence directly the parasite's larval stage, the activity of hemocytes and also may serve in recognition of the parasite. Lectins are considered to be the main component of humoral immunity. ey have a primary role in non-self recognition. Other protein group with lectin-like activity called FRePs was found in Biomphalaria glabrata. eir unique structure contains a brinogen and an immunoglobulin-like domain. Cytokine-like molecules may play very important role in defense as well. Many molecules are present in hemolymph and their levels change during infection. e response to parasitosis is therefore very complex and still awaits further clari cation.
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Possibilities of flow cytometry in analysis of cellular response to genotoxic stress
Havelek, Radim ; Řezáčová, Martina (advisor) ; Bílková, Zuzana (referee) ; Štětina, Rudolf (referee)
Possibilities of flow cytometry in analysis of cellular response to genotoxic stress Flow cytometry is a modern tool for interrogating the immunophenotype and functional characteristics of cells. It is a technique of quantitative single cell analysis that works by sensing optical properties of cells in a flow stream with laser beam. Analysis and differentiation of the cells is based on size, granularity, and whether the cell is carrying fluorescent molecules in the form of either conjugated antibodies or dyes. The cells may be stained with fluorescent dyes, incubated with fluorogenic substrate or labelled with fluorochrome-linked antibodies specific for molecules either on the surface or in the intracellular components of the cell. Flow cytometers are multiparameter, recording several measurements on each cell. Therefore, it is possible to identify a homogeneous subpopulation within a heterogeneous population of cells. When cells are exposed to genotoxic agent, they respond quantitatively and qualitatively according to the absorbed dose and the cell type. To cope with the resulting damage to cellular DNA, the temporary cell-cycle checkpoints and DNA damage response mechanisms are activated to allow more time for effective repair. However, if these mechanisms fail or the damage is irreparable, then...
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RNA interference in plants
Čermák, Vojtěch ; Kulich, Ivan (referee) ; Fischer, Lukáš (advisor)
The process of RNA interference allows cells to regulate functions of their genes. This process is usually initiated by the presence of double-stranded RNA within a cell. Such double-stranded RNA is diced by a specific protein called Dicer into duplexes of small RNAs, usually 20-25 nucleotides long. Single-stranded small RNAs, released from the duplexes, are the heart of RNA interference and they can be categorize into several groups according to their biogenesis. There are two groups of small RNAs in plants: miRNA and siRNA. Small RNAs can associate with a protein called Argonaut and guide it to the target molecule on the bases of sequence complementarity. The Argonaut-small RNA complex can act on itself or it can interact with other proteins in a wide spectrum of processes. The complex can slice the target mRNA (which can be handled by the sole Argonaut and small RNA), it can suppress translation or it can direct chromatin modifications. The phenomena of RNA interference can be found in almost all Eukaryotes where it can serve many functions, for example it can control cell differentiation, participate in stress responses, direct changes in chromatin and defend the organism against viruses. A diverse set of operating modes of RNA interference can be found in plants, which we are only at the...
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Liability for Defective Products (Product Liability)
Gajdoš, Adam ; Švestka, Jiří (referee) ; Hendrychová, Michaela (referee)
114 Resume - Liability for Defective Products (Product Liability) This study deals with the subject of product liability law. This is a growing area in which manufacturers and suppliers are finding themselves more and more responsible for the quality of their products and for the consequences flowing from any defects therein. There is a growing amount of litigation throughout the world tackling the problems arising from the safety of products. These laws take into account the manufacturing process, the transportation, storage and delivery of goods, the intended use of products, their fitness for such purpose, and any warning or instructions as to use given to consumers and end- users. Injuries caused by products began to give rise to serious policy concerns in the second half of the 20th century, when the combined effect of increasingly sophisticated consumer products automated large-scale production processes and modern distribution chains left the end-user in a difficult position. The end-user was purchasing a product not from the manufacturer directly, but from a retailer who might stand a number of steps away from the manufacturer in the distribution chain. The complex processes of product development and manufacture were internal to the manufacturer and thus unknown to the end-user and probably to the...
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Species traits of critically endangered vascular plant species of the Czech Republic
Gabrielová, Jarmila ; Münzbergová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Mihulka, Stanislav (referee)
Understanding factors responsible for species rarity is crucial for their effective conservation. Do rare and endangered species posses any specific traits, which differentiate them from species that are common and which could be the cause of their rarity and endangerment? To answer this question, I analyzed biological and ecological traits of critically endangered plant species of the Czech Republic (CR category of the Red list of vascular plant species, Procházka 2001). I compared vegetative, generative and ecological traits of CR species with traits of species that are closely related but common (due to phylogenetic correction), with common closely related species from the same habitat (because many differences in species traits can be caused by adaptation to specific habitat type) and with traits of all plants of the Czech Republic. Information about species traits was mainly obtained from literature and databases; a small part was assessed experimentally. The comparison with closely related common species have shown that CR species are smaller, flower for shorter period, have higher proportion of autocompatibility and higher terminal velocity. CR species differ also in the mode of dispersion, in ecological traits and in traits connected with distribution (lower proportion of cstrategy, greater...
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The position of accident insurance in Czech insurance market
Hrabětová, Zuzana ; Ducháčková, Eva (advisor)
The theme of my work is the position of accident insurance in Czech insurance market. In the theoretical part I focus on the characteristics of accident insurance, I deal with accident as a term and insurance exclusion. In the next section I'm interested in the insurance rate and all the factors that influence its increase of price. Furthermore, I analyse in detail particular insurance benefits that may happen in the insurance period. The practical part is devoted to insurance offers analysis of selected insurance companies in the Czech Republic. I compare the most important characteristics of accident insurance products that are offred by these insurance companies in here. In my work I'm also engaged in character of accident insurance and its future perspective in the Czech Republic.
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Project controlling
Ebr, Pavel ; Matyáš, Ondřej (advisor) ; Pecháček, Petr (referee)
Project controlling is special approach of management which differs from usual producing process. Project is a special investment and it is necessary to plan, co-ordinate and judge the reality during all it's phases. Project is influenced by many factors which can change significantly the final project result. Controlling provides with forecasts based on information from people involved in project and provides management also with figures to make various decisions. Project controlling of development project control usualy cost budget, income budget, total project result, planned cashflow, optimal way of financing and various calculations. The most important calcuations is calculation of cost prices of flats by which selling prices are compared with. Then profit and margin on each flat is found out and how much effectively costs were alocated to each flat.
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Verification of the Functionality of a Technical Analysis
Štěpánek, Petr ; Dvořák, Jiří (advisor) ; Radonský, Tomáš (referee)
The work presents techncical analysis and some of its tools. The purpose of the work is to test if the chosen technical analysis tools work during intraday stocktrading in the USA. In that intention the sample of five american companies was selected and monitored for five business days. Each company's price development was analyzed on a day to day basis on grounds of chosen technical analysis tools. The intention was to find the exact moments when all of the indicators signaled the clear future price trend. The conclusions suggest that the technical analysis is not the responsible tool for intraday stocktrading.
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The Reaction of the Teacher to the Aggressive Behaviour of a Pupil
Slámová, Jiřina ; Hejlová, Helena (advisor) ; Marušák, Radek (referee)
The objective of my work is to provide detailed information about children's aggressive behaviour and at the same time get teachers to know these responses and all the things that might influence them. The thesis describes pupils' aggressive behaviour at school and deals with a typology of aggression and aggressors. It also involves influences that participate in origin and aggression manifestation. Part of the work analyses personality of a teacher and his responses to meeting an aggressive pupil. My research is focused on typical and untypical manifestation of children's aggressive behaviour as well as the teachers' responses when encountering the pupils' aggression. Two methods have been used in a practical part of my work: a method of active survey and a method of questionnare survey. My results show that teachers are aware of children's aggression, take it into account and they are able to solve problems. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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