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The knowledgeability of parents about Sudden Infant Death syndrome (SIDS)
Škvorová, Denisa ; Kulhavá, Miluše (advisor) ; Houšťková, Hana (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the awareness of parents about the problems of sudden infant death syndrome. It describes not only the etiology and incidence of SIDS, but also risk factors, prevention and eventual first aid to infants. The thesis is theoretical - practical. The theoretical part is divided into four chapters. The first chapter deals with the history of sudden infant death syndrome, incidence and etiology. The second chapter examines risk factors. The preventive steps are described in the third chapter. The fourth chapter deals with the first aid in case of SIDS - resuscitation of infants. The practical part contains the results of the research, which was conducted via questionnaire. All the respondents are parents from 20 to 45. A questionnaire survey was intended to find out whether these parents are informed about the problems of SIDS and if they know preventive steps and whether they follow these steps and whether they know the correct procedure of providing the first aid the infant in case of SIDS. The final aim of the survey was to compare the responses of mothers and fathers and determine whether their knowledge on this issue is the same. The research results are shown in tables and graphs and with additional explanations. The results of my survey showed that only 65% of...
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Observation of play behavior of young gorilas in Prague ZOO
Svátková, Barbora ; Vančata, Václav (advisor) ; Vančatová, Marina (referee)
Observation of Observation the behavior of the game in the group of young gorillas at Prague Zoo Gorillas, as the largest among primates particularly vulnerable group of animals. In the wild, there is a continual loss of habitat due to timber extraction and rainforests. These animals live much social way of life. For the development of social communication between individuals in the offspring has a pivotal role in gaming behavior among both young themselves, and between young and adult individuals. Observations of gorillas, in order to describe the behavior of juveniles playing in the group of gorillas at the zoo in Prague during the two months were carried out. The observations took place, depending on the weather especially in the inner enclosure. The work has mapped the incidence of gaming behavior in juveniles and the Prague zoo. It was found that the frequency of gaming behavior depends on the age and sex, baby, and that game is usually initiated by an older teenage male. Initial assumptions that the babies are most active in the gaming behavior that immature males are a provocation to play more proactive than juvenile females and young males that the game tends to play more active than young females have been confirmed by observation. Furthermore, it appears that adults are not engaging...
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Alberta Infant Motor Scale - Motor Development of Infant from Birth to One Year
Krylová, Adéla ; Vítová, Veronika (advisor) ; Nováková, Olga (referee)
Summary: Goals - The purpose of this work is to introduce the Canadian standardized assessment - Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS) to specialists. The test evaluate motor development of infants from birth to the eighteen months of age. Theoretical part - In this part I have summarized the need of standardized assessment for occupational therapists and the importance of early intervention for infants to one year age. The next chapter is about psychomotor development of newborn and infant. The main part is devoted to informations about the assessment AIMS. The last part is dealt with an overview of methods used in the pediatric occupational therapy. Practical part - I used AIMS assessment in practice and then in the form of case study, I have put the results of my testing with practical proposals for occupational therapy intervention.
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Formula in infancy - composition, indication
BOČKOVÁ, Jaroslava
Formula is an artificial milk nutrition which is possible to use if the child is not breast-fed and in this case it can substitute the breast milk. It is important to realize that breast milk is still the "gold standard" of infant nutrition and the formula is "merely" substitute and that means breast milk cannot be adequately replace. My bachelor thesis is on the topic of Formula in infancy - the composition and indications. Therefore I focused not only on the formula itself, but also on the natural nutrition of infants as breast milk. I divided the theoretical part of the thesis into three main areas - breastfeeding, daily nutritional regime and the formula in infancy. I dealt with the composition of artificial milk formulas in my research. I compared breastfeeding with formulas from the perspective of mothers and I took an interest in reasons for the use of the artificial milk formulas and in brands which were tested by respondents. I also tried to find out if the mothers were enough informed about infant feeding. I used two methods of qualitative research - a content analysis and technique of semi-structured interviews. I had set four goals: The first was to compare formulas for infants on the Czech market, the second was to compare satisfaction of breastfeeding and non breastfeeding mothers with theinfant feeding method. The third was to identify the reasons for the use of formulas and find out which formulas women use. The fourth was to make a discovery if women are informed about the ways and possibilities of the infant feeding. Meanwhile I was dealing with research question number one, specifically if the composition of the individual formulas meets the requirements of Directive 2006/141/EC of the EU Commission I found that not all values are identical to legislation. At least it should be explored if the ingredients which are not equivalent to the approved amount could be harmful to child's health. I couldn?t answer the second question on the basis of composition of the artificial milk nutrition. So I assessed the quality of the offered range of brands on the Czech market from the theoretical part. Nutrilon has become the best brand according to this comparison. The question number three was if the women are more satisfied with breastfeeding or with the use of artificial milk formulas. I was comparing the experiences of breastfeeding and non breastfeeding mothers using the infant nutrition and I found out that nursing mothers are happier, despite the difficulties which accompany the mother during lactation. Also I found out that the reasons for the use of formulas were different in the group of respondents, as well as individual brands of the infant milks. Any mother has never tried alternative soy, goat or sheep milk. They followed the expert's advice and had never thought about these alternatives. I can agree with that and I don?t think this milk could be appropriate infant feeding. The last research question was focused on the respondent's knowledge of infant feeding. All respondents got education from the medical staff of the hospital, but some of them weren?t satisfied with the quality. Some mothers met with a lack of information at the pharmacist and general practice. It is important that the management of the device should lay stress on the proper education because quality child care is based on high-quality information. The results of my bachelor thesis should be like a subject to further detailed investigation and documentation which highlights the need of improvement of the quality information from experts.
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Home nursing procedures in newborn and baby skin care
GENGELOVÁ, Gabriela
Abstract Hygiene plays a very important role in our lives. It is often influenced by social, cultural, family and individual factors, as well as by knowledge about health and hygiene. The skin of a child is very soft and sensitive, and therefore requires careful and considerate care throughout the whole period of childhood, especially in the neonatal period and infancy. Skin care of newborns and infants is an essential attribute of the child?s health care. Such care is an individual matter, and it will always depend on family circumstances in which the child lives and on a suitable and proper approach of parents and physicians. The aim of this thesis was to determine the level of knowledge of mothers and the use of such knowledge in skin care of newborns and infants at home. The second objective was to prepare educational material for mothers. The thesis makes use of the questionnaire method. For this purpose, 274 questionnaires were collected. The questionnaire was distributed to mothers of newborns and infants, who take care of their skin at home. The investigation was carried out at pediatrics in the South Bohemian and Pilsen regions. The results of the research are introduced using graphs and some of the results are statistically evaluated by a chi-square test. Two hypotheses were set. Hypothesis 1: Mothers have enough information regarding the skin care of newborns and infants at home. Hypothesis 2: Mothers correctly use the acquired information about skin care of newborns and infants. We were successful in answering both hypotheses in the research study. The analysis and evaluation of the questionnaires shows that mothers are knowledgeable in treating skin of their children in the neonatal period and infancy. However, we managed to prove that some information of the parents is inconsistent with the literature. Therefore an educational material for mothers was created, focusing on skin care of newborns and infants. This educational booklet may be used at pediatric wards.
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History of infant nutrition since 1945 to 2008
VACUŠKOVÁ, Miluše
Nutrition of children of each age has its particular aspects. For the new born and infantile age it is mainly breast-feeding that is very significant. Nutrition with breast milk is ideally balanced, ensures the intake of high-quality nutrition that is well tolerated by the young organism and ensures the optimal growth and psychological development of the child. Thanks to its composition, breast milk increases the protective impact on the child with respect to infections and creates a natural bond between the mother and the child. In the Thesis, I was trying to look up decisive moments in the infantile nutrition concept both in this country and worldwide and to map the issue of breast feeding and formula feeding since the end of the Second World War up to the present. Also, I wanted to emphasize the irreplaceability of breast milk as wel as supplementing of artificial milks with probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics and their importance in the nutrition of children. Objective No. 1 of the Thesis has been to look up the key points in the infantile nutrition concept in the world since the beginning of the nineteenth century and since 1945 until this day in the Czech Republic. Objective No. 2 has been to prove that infantile formula nutrition has been focusing also on the immunological aspect apart from the nutritional ones. Objective No. 3 has been to create and aducational program proposal, which can serve as a practical guide for the application of theoretical data in clinical practice. Data necessary to achieve the determined objectives have been acquired by studing, analyses and comparison of available written documents relating to the natural and formula nutrition of infants. Most of these documents have been intended for the educational purposes at secondary school and universities in the Czech Republic. Also, data heve been taken from publications for parents and broad public published since 1945 until this day. By way of illustration, certain charts containing schemes of artificial nutrition corresponding to the time of creation have been used. On these schemes I wanted to show the chages in the concepts brought about by the development not only in the knowledge and thinking of people dealing with the nutrition of infants but also in the new possibilities and technology of the food processing industry.
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Obstetric situations in prehospital emergency care and duties of a medical rescuer
KLEČATSKÁ, Lucie
The paper treats the subject of obstetric situations in pre-hospital emergency care and the tasks tackled by paramedics. Vital in such situations are the early recognition of symptoms; correct diagnostics; and a speedy transfer of the patient to a hospital. The paper concentrates primarily on delivery during the pre-hospital emergency care; on premature leak of the amniotic fluid; and on bleeding encountered in pregnant women in the second half of gestation and the related complications. The effort aimed particularly at mapping the frequency of emergency obstetric situations met during the pre-hospital emergency care in the Region of South Bohemia; at exploring the experience of paramedics; and at finding whether they were afraid of such situations and whether they were able to apply their theoretical background in practice. The defined objectives yielded four hypotheses: H 1: Emergency obstetric situations emerging during the transit are rare in the South Bohemian Region; H 2: Paramedics possess sufficient theoretical erudition to manage the emergency obstetric situations; H 3: Paramedics do not possess sufficient theoretical erudition to manage the emergency obstetric situations; and H 4: In providing emergency pre-hospital care paramedics try mainly to take the patient to hospital in good time. The research section of the paper relied on a quantitative survey conducted through a questionnaire distributed among paramedics in the Region of South Bohemia. Altogether 80 questionnaires were distributed, out of which 66 constituted the surveyed set. The results were processed and assembled into cake diagrams best depicting the percentage shares. All objectives have been accomplished. The first and fourth hypotheses proved false, while the second and third proved true.
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