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Education of patients before an elective cholecystectomy
Žampachová, Milada ; Schneiderová, Michaela (advisor) ; Vachková, Eva (referee) ; Horáčková, Alexandra (referee)
Author: Žampachová Milada Institution: Institute of Social Medicine LF UK in Hradec Králové, Departement of Nursing Title of the work: Education of patients before an elective cholecystectomy Supervisor: Mgr. Schneiderová Michaela Prim. MUDr. Svoboda Jiří Number of pages: 105 Number of attachments: 13 Year of the defence: 2010 Keywords: Education, Cholecystectomy, SILS, Preoperative and postoperative care, Dietotherapy The Bachelor Thesis is focused on the education of patients before an elective cholecystectomy. The theoretical part is divided into two chapters. The first one concentrates on the education of patients, defines it and describes communication principles of the educational process, documentation and the competence of paramedical sanitarian staff to educate. The second chapter is dedicated to the cholecystectomy itself, where the anatomy and physiology of the gallbladder, diagnosis of the pathologies, surgical treatment, preoperative and postoperative care and principles of the diets following are described. The main objective of the empirical part is a quantitative research survey obtained by questionnaires aimed at discovering whether the education of patients undergoing an elective surgery is of adequate quality and uncovering areas needing improvement. This work is based on a...
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Migration of doctors and health workers in selected countries of Europe since 1990
Panczaková, Kateřina ; Kotýnková, Magdalena (advisor) ; Loužek, Marek (referee)
The main objective of this thesis is the comparison of the position of the healthcare personnel on the labor market and migration in selected countries - Czech Republic, Germany, France and the United Kingdom. In the theoretical introduction it describes concepts such as brain drain, remittances, emigration and others subjects associated with the migration of the workforce. It analyzes the differences in labor market of healthcare personnel in selected countries and the activities of doctors for change of working conditions. The practical part presents and analyzes data from publicly available statistical sources (OECD, Eurostat, IHIS CR etc.) regarding the number of healthcare personnel, the number of migrating doctors and nurses and their destination countries, salary and wage conditions of health professionals. Expenses on health and quality of the health care are compared between selected countries. Finally, recommendations for Czech Republic, that could help prevent excessive drain of medical personnel abroad, are given - an increase in wages and health expenditures, increasing the number of medical personnel and reduction of administrative burdens.
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Tradition and contemporary concepts in solution of public space on the railway
Vaníčková, Veronika ; Vaněk, Jindřich (advisor) ; Hladíková, Lucie (referee)
This compilation thesis is focused on railway station buildings and surrounding public spaces. The thesis briefly describes the history of railroads in our country, the history of station buildings and changes in their planning from the beginning of construction to the present day. Furthemore, the current state of selected station buildings and stations is compared with available historical sources. Issues regarding their architectonic solution are outlined. Multiple ownership of different parts of railway stations and surrounding land is the greatest obstacle in care of the buildings. There is no common approach for the use of building material and architectural elements. This complicates reconstruction efforts and construction of new buildings.
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Optimalization of development process in connection with a change of a supplier of material
VORÁČ, Michal
The development process, and in fact the entire question of processing X-ray images is still, despite all of the simplifications and standardizations, a relatively complex series of interesting processes. Even though it no longer enjoys the attention it once did, its position within the diagnostic algorithm is nonetheless permanent, and until digitalization becomes practical, irreplaceable. It will continue to fall within the competence of the radiological assistant, and hence the radiological assistant will continue to hold responsibility for its optimal course. Today, of course, it is no longer to have specific chemical training, but on the other hand it is more necessary than before to ensure a responsible approach, careful work, and to a great extent a degree of enthusiasm for the entire procedure. The present work is not intended in any way to influence the choice of a new subcontract for our section, but merely to draw attention to the positive and negative aspects of this change. A series of densitometric measurements were performed under various conditions of the development process, for the purpose of investigating the advantages and disadvantages of the new film material and its results were then compared with the similarly processed values acquired under the present state of the processing procedure. The development process may be influenced by many factors; hence the complex reaction must be carefully followed and maintained within precisely delineated standards. Only as such it is possible to achieve a quality image. Even the very best photographic operation can come to naught if the final processing of the image is not correct. In this instance, the patient is quite unnecessarily subjected to a higher dose of radiation than should be, and the image does not contain all of the possible details and the diagnostic potential is lowered. Only a correctly performed development process can make the maximum use of the X-ray image and thus provide the doctor with better conditions for his or her responsible work.
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The issue of nursing care in acute abdomen in children under 6 years
HLACHOVÁ, Martina
This Diploma thesis is focused on the issue of nursing care of acute abdominal pain in children under six years old. The abdominal pain of children can be the first symptom of an acute abdominal pain which can directly endanger a child´s life. Neglecting these troubles can lead to great health problems of a complicated character. Four research goals were set within the research. The first objective was to find specifics of acute abdominal pains of children up to six years old. The second objective was to find possible results of acute abdominal pains in children under six years old in the post-operative period. The third goal was to monitor the issue of acute abdominal pains in childhood from the point of view of a nurse and the fourth should have found the knowledge of parents about acute abdomeninal pains in childhood. The Diploma thesis strived to penetrate into the issue of this large chapter of acute medicine, highlight its specifics related to acute abdominal pains in childhood and find out how parents are informed about the existence of this type of illness. To complete the objectives of this Diploma thesis, we used a qualitative research model. This research was done by the technique of a semi-structured interview. The first research group consisted of eight nurses working in a standard paediatric ward or in a paediatric ward of the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). The second group consisted of parents, specifically mothers who responded based on their knowledge and general awareness gained. A technique of open coding a method of pencil and paper was used for processing the results of these interviews. Seven research questions were set: 1. What are the specifics of nursing care in acute abdominal pain in childhood? 2. What medical complications appear during acute abdominal pain in childhood? 3. What are the specifics of pre-operative and post-operative care in acute abdominal pain in childhood? 4. What is the post-operative period in children with acute abdominal pain? 5. What results can appear in acute abdominal pain in childhood? 6. How do nurses see the issue of sudden acute abdominal pain in childhood? 7. What is the parents´ knowledge about acute abdominal pains in childhood? Within the process of this Diploma thesis, a booklet was created. This should serve as information material for parents, which will help them to explain various terms and potential situations within this extensive diagnosis. This booklet will be at disposal in day nurseries and the outpatient department of the paediatric ward in České Budějovice.
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Nursing care of patients with pressure ulcers
ŠERIOVÁ, Martina
This dissertation deals with nursing care issues relating to patients with pressure ulcers. The presented topic is quite actual these days, because the number of bedridden patients is constantly increasing, in which the potential risk of the formation of pressure ulcers arise. "Decubitus ulcer is a bedsore, which arises as a consequence of pathological pressure on the predilection place." (Pejznochová, 2010, p. 23). Mostly immobile patients suffer from this disease. Pressure ulcers can be prevented by regular adjust or with anti-decubitus aids. The treating of already existing pressure ulcer today is preferably with the use of modern therapy, the so-called "wet treatment". This dissertation is divided into a theoretical and an empirical part. The theoretical part outlines the formation issue and the assessment of pressure ulcers, the most common place of origin, the defect rating scale, the importance of prevention and subsequent treatment of pressure ulcers. And finally, it describes how the treatment of pressure ulcers is done in hospitals and home care agencies. Two goals were set for the practical part, to describe new methods in the treatment of pressure ulcers and to compare options in the treatment of pressure ulcers in hospitals and home care agencies. To achieve the set goals, a qualitative research was used, which was performed through interviews with nurses from inpatient ward of the hospital of Czech Budejovice, as well as with the nurses from the City Charity in Czech Budejovice and nurses of nursing home care and nursing services ALICE in Czech Budejovice. When interviews were making, two sets of questions were prepared. The research group was consisted of 11 respondents. The respondents came from the dermal ward, ward of internal medicine and aftercare ward. These respondents were identified as respondents under No. 1 to 4. The nurses of home nursing care agencies were signified as respondents from No. 5 to 11. This selection of respondents enables to compare the specific patient care on the wards and in home care agencies. The data were collected from February to March 2013. At the beginning of the research project, five research questions related to the. The first question was concerned of new ways in the treatment of pressure ulcers. The second focused on the nursing care of a patient with pressure ulcers in hospitals. The third question examined the area of nursing care for patients with pressure ulcers in home care agencies. The last two questions were focused on the use of surgical dressings for the treatment of pressure ulcers in hospitals and home care agencies. Based on the survey, it was found that in both institutions proper prevention is ensured, which means the client positioning, nutrition, hygiene and the use of anti-decubitus aids. The research showed the original relieving aids were often replaced by blankets and pillows, as these tools are the more available and fulfil its purpose. The use of surgical dressings on patient units and home care agencies, there is a predominant use of moist therapy and appropriate therapy materials for this purpose. In therapy, this method is considered to be better, because it accelerates the healing of the defect, less surgical dressings are needed and they are less painful for the client. The evaluation of nurses showed that the majority of nurses in home care agencies believe that the agencies are providing better care than in hospital. Certainly nurses from inpatient department think the opposite. Except one respondent, all of the others regularly attend professional seminars, where, within these seminars, new materials and methods of treatment are presented to them. The work will be used for improvements in nursing care of patients with pressure ulcers and will serve as a study material for students in medical fields.
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Anesthesiological diffíeulties arising in the surgical treatment of chronic pulmonary hypertension
Kunstýř, Jan ; Lindner, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Vaněk, Tomáš (referee) ; Černá, Alena (referee)
Pulmonary hypertension is a serious syndrome with very unfavorable prognosis. It encompasses numerous diseases and the only one which is surgical ly treatable is chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. Pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA) is a curative method for select patients with surgically accessible thrombotic obstruction. It involves not only the operation itself, but also complicated diagnostics, preoperative preparation, and sophisticated postoperative intensive care. According to contemporary world reviews of professional literatuře, mortality rates following PEA, range from 5 to 24 percent. Better results with lower levels of mortality as well as morbidity are unambiguously proven in the centers with more experience where the highest numbers of such surgeries are undertaken. Good team work is an essential condition for a successíul PEA program and the anaesthetist is its indispensable member. Anaesthesia of patients with chronic right ventricle dysfunction undergoing cardiac surgery using extracorporeal circulation brings about several diffíeulties and we tried to deal with them in our work. This kind of operation was not available in the Czech Republic and the íirst goal of our work was to implement this surgical program in its complexity - including anaesthesia and intensive postoperative...
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