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Social aspects in the Czech tax system
Aubrechtová, Markéta ; Vostrovská, Zdenka (advisor) ; Vebrová, Ludmila (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with the tax reliefs, focusing on direct taxes in the Czech Republic. First, I have chosen those tax reliefs that have a social element. The thesis deals with their evolution and their comparison with other countries. Furthermore, the thesis examines the tax reliefs in more detail in terms of their objectives, utilization, and efficiency conditions. This is achieved with using various tax load indicators and effective taxation, comparing costs and additionally also the views of experts. Generally, however, this issue lacks a comprehensive study and analysis, and thus also the particular data. Tax reliefs along with social benefits constitute a redistribution system. Their costs and impacts are different. At the beginning of the writing of this thesis, I thought that the tax system should primarily be transparent, simple, focusing on its primary fiscal function and should therefore be free of social politics. I have, however, changed my opinion, because it has turned out that the social tax elements have their positive specifics that are difficult and expensive to transport to the system of direct benefits.
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Participation 2.0: Does Internet increase civic engagement in Czech Republic?
Šrámková, Kateřina ; Müller, Karel (advisor) ; Fleissner, Kamil (referee)
While in Western democracies the study of the impact of Internet on civic and political participation is very popular, in the Czech Republic this type of study is still at the beginning. It is merely focused on the impact of Internet on voter turnout and political campaigning. However the study of the impact of the Internet on civic and political participation from the indivdual level is still missing. Because of that te aim of this study is to analyze the impact of Internet use on political and civic participation. Based on my research I analyzed the internet activities and main factors that influence participation. The results of this study show that Internet is not going to be a panacea for political participation.
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The Church of St. John of Nepomuk at Štěchovice
Fatková, Markéta ; Novotná, Eva (advisor) ; Bydžovská, Lenka (referee)
The Church of St. John of Nepomuk in Štěchovice There are not many Art Nouveau constructions in Bohemia. One of them is the Church of St. John of Nepomuk in Štěchovice designed by the architect Kamil Hilbert. Although the construction is not built in the pure Art Nouveau style, its individual parts and elements are taken over for example from the Roman or Renaissance style, it remains probably the most popular architectural example of this style. In view of this fact it is interesting that neither the church nor the builder were devoted sufficient attention in the past. There are not many sources and literature available. Experts devoted their attention to Hilbert only in connection with the preservation of monuments the modernisation of which was his merit at the beginning. Hilbert's own creation remained on the edge of the interest, be it creation dating back to the end of the 19th century or the first decades of the 20th century. The aim of my work is to inform the readers about the personality of the architect Kamil Hilbert and to depict his most important construction, the Church of St. John of Nepomuk in Štěchovice. I focused not only on the brief statement of data, but I tried to incorporate the life and creation of Hilbert also into broader connections, to mention the politic as well as...
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The Satanic Verses: In Quest of Identities
Poncarová, Petra ; Nováková, Soňa (advisor) ; Varhaníková, Halka (referee)
in English This thesis is concerned with the theme of identity in Salman Rushdie's novel The Satanic Verses, namely with the metamorphoses of identity in relation to space. The issue of space and identity comprises both the analysis of the concrete locations and their impact on human beings, but also broader topics such as the mass migration in the second half of the 20th century. The novel is (in)famous mainly for the charge of blasphemy that was brought against it, and for the international controversy that followed its publication, but this thesis tries to read the novel as a literary work of art, as a manifestation of free authorial imagination which nevertheless addresses many issues of great social and political relevance. The first chapter defines the scope of the thesis, its methods and main theoretical sources; the second begins the actual discussion of identity: how are identities presented at the beginning of the novel. This chapter also briefly introduces some theoretical attitudes to identity. The relation of identity to space is the topic of the third chapter. Salman Rushdie's writing in general is characterized by the author's deep interest in the transformations of human identity under the influence of migration, and in The Satanic Verses, this theme becomes both the formal and the...
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Obstructionism in Czech Legislative Process
Kubný, Adam ; Němec, Jan (advisor) ; Kuta, Martin (referee)
This Diploma Thesis deals with obstructions within the legislative process of the Parliament of the Czech Republic, more precisely in hearings at the Lower House. The aim of the thesis is to describe the phenomenon of obstructions and their importance in the legislative process. In the beginning, the author establishes three basic research questions, which he then tries to answer through quantitative methods. Firstly, the author answers the question whether either site of the ideological spectrum tends to use the tactic of obstruction more often. Secondly, he inquires whether there are any differences between the obstructions of a right-wing or a left-wing party. Finally, the author aims to clarify if the long-established parties in the Chamber of Deputies have an advantage in the practice of obstructions and thus are more successful in it than new parties are. The text is divided into three separate chapters with a logical structure starting from theoretical themes and continuing with an empirical analysis. The first part, which is purely theoretical, is followed by a chapter dealing with the legislative process which can be considered as a transition between the theoretical and empirical parts. The following chapter is based on empiricism and analyses stenographic records and interviews with the representatives of political parties. The carried out analyses suggest that it is impossible to state clearly which site of the ideological spectrum tends to use the tactic of obstruction more often, as in the majority of cases parties using this tactic find themselves in the opposition. However, while obstructing, both left-wing and right-wing parties use almost identical tools. Ultimately, it can be stated that parties represented in the House of Deputies for a long period are not more successful in practicing obstructions than other parties, even though they use strategies that are more sophisticated.
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Comparison of Thatcherism and New Labour on the Example of Their Approach to the Welfare State
Šimunská, Petra ; Váška, Jan (advisor) ; Rovná, Lenka (referee)
Thatcherism and New Labour represent British version of the New Right and the Third Way - ideological approaches which influenced many Western countries in the last two decades of the 20th century and at the beginning of the 21st century. The similarities between Thatcherism and New Labour have been the source of considerable academic and political discussion. This study is focused on the welfare state and governmental measures and reforms in social security system. The research is designed as comparative study based on data analysis of secondary and primary sources. This thesis aims to define key similarities and differences of proposed ideologies. It suggests that the main difference between Thatcherism and New Labour is grounded in their primary understanding of the role of the welfare state system in society and related long term policies rather than in intended short term targets and reforms. Moreover, the influence of these ideas on policy making process of Thatcher and Blair governments is discussed.
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Salome in the art of symbolism and decadence and her representation in czech fine arts at the begining of the 20th century
Johanidesová, Tereza ; Wittlich, Petr (advisor) ; Prahl, Roman (referee)
The theme of this dissertation is a representation of biblical figure of Jewish princess Salome in fine arts. The author of this dissertation focuses mainly attention on the turn of the 19th and 20th century, when the theme of Salome became the fundamental motif of the Symbolist and Decadence art. In this time Salome started to appear very frequently in the world of literature, painting, sculpture and graphic art as well and she epitomized nearly the icon and the idol for the artists of this period. But in fact Salome as one of the figures acting in the New Testament narrative about the death of John the Baptist was a biblical subject with rich iconographic tradition developing systematically already from the Early Christian art. It is for this reason that the part of this dissertation comprises also the brief analysis of the narrative and the outline of his iconography in the sphere of fine arts. The chapters devoted to the genearal characterization of Symbolism and Decadence serve as an introduction into this complicated age, when the reconsideration of previous values in the sphere of fine arts, science, politics and society projects into the visual representations too. With regard to interconnection of literature and fine arts at the turn of the 19th century, the attention is also payed to the most...
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The influence of electoral systems on party systems. Comparison of Polish, Slovak, German and Austrian Case.
Nemeth, Marek ; Novák, Miroslav (advisor) ; Lebeda, Tomáš (referee)
The author is interested in electoral and political system in Poland, Slovakia, Germany and Austria. At the beginning he rises two basic questions which he would like to answer - Which electoral method is similar to contemporary electoral systems in chosen countries in a result? And how would be changed political-party- system, i f there were another electoral methods? In the General the author offers a detailed look at the analysis of the types of electoral systems, franchise and party systems. This General part is assumption for the Special part which is focused on an research. In the fourth Chapter the author describes electoral systems in Poland, Slovakia, Germany and Austria and in the fifth Chapter he describes party system in those chosen countries. The own research starts in the sixth chapter. The author analyses the results of the last election in Poland (2005), Slovakia (2006), Germany (2005) and Austria (2006) by index of deformation, index Loosemore - Hanby, and index of aggregation. In the next Chapters author analyses parliamentary electoral results in four countries, then he follows new electoral methods (D'Hondt, Imperiáli, Saint Laguě, Hare, Hagenbach-Bischoff) on those results in Poland (2005), Slovakia (2006), Germany (2005) and Austria (2006). In the last Chapter author resumes the...
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Implementing Renewable Energy in Developing Countries: An Analysis of the Possibilities as Illustrated by Croatia and Macedonia
Maxwell, Amanda ; Cahlík, Tomáš (advisor) ; Sojka, Milan (referee)
The thesis investigates the implementation of renewable energy sources in developing countries. As develeping states are generally not thought to be in the financial or political position to focus their efforts on developing renewable energy technologies, this paper looks at the physical, technological and economic realities of the situation. Using Croatia and the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia as examples, the paper finds that there are some realities present in developing countries which prove to be difficult obstacles. Nonetheless, these hindrances are not insurmountable, and can be controlled by the governments, to the benefit of all. The thesis begins with a look at Croatia and then at Macedonia - a chapter for each one, focusing first on their macroeconomic situations, then on geography, next on present energy sectors, and finally on the international commitments they both belong to which require them to implement more renewable energy sources. The third chapter looks at the five main types of renewable energies available now: hydro, wind, solar, biomass and geothermal power. The fourth chapter examines the other aspects of implementing renewable systems: the financing, the foreign direct investment, R&D sectors, government deployment methods, and technology transfers. The fifth chapter...
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Fertility transformation in the youngest age from point of view of demography
Válková, Kateřina ; Fialová, Ludmila (advisor) ; Bartoňová, Dagmar (referee)
Fertility transformation in the youngest age from point of view of demography Abstract This thesis aims at evaluating fertility transformation in the youngest age in the 20th century and at the beginning of the 21st century in the Czech Republic. Circumstances and causes of transformation of fertility in this age group of women are based on usage of theoretical concepts related to fertility issues in the youngest age. The chosen period shows a number of changes in socioeconomic, political and legislative way. The transformation of the society in 20th century had influence on fertility level and fertility timing. Form of motherhood in the young age has changed also. Differences of characteristics of fertility in youngest age influenced by social evolution were shown on example of comparison of young women fertility evolution in Czech Republic, France and Romania. It approves that fertility level in the youngest age can be the driver of the social progression. Keywords: fertility, Czech Republic, young mother
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