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The value and importance (the role) of human knowledge in context of informatization of socio-economic environment
Řezníček, Václav ; Mildeová, Stanislava (advisor) ; Berka, Petr (referee) ; Kučera, Petr (referee) ; Mikulecký, Peter (referee)
The aim of this multidisciplinary-oriented dissertation is to explicate the value and importance (the role) of human knowledge in context of informatization of socio-economic environment. The effort to bring interpretation in context is supported by theoretical and methodological background, which were formulated/defined based on number of relevant domestic and foreign resources. The analysis was performed using both quantitative and qualitative research methods and provides results applied to three areas within the document - economic system, education and information management. The issue of education is proving to be essential. Although we should react to the conditions changed due to an ongoing process of informatization, individual knowledge is being instrumentalized and fragmented. The conclusion shows that informatization may contribute to the fragmentation of knowledge and to reduce its value.
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Differential diagnosis of dyspnoea in the prehospital emergency care
JENÍČEK, Petr
The bachelor work is devoted to the topic of differential diagnostics of dyspnoea in prehospital emergency care. The issue of dyspnoea is still very relevant because of number of diseases causing it. The theoretical part of this bachelor work contains basic information about terms of dyspnoea, differential diagnostics and examination methods with regard to the dyspnoea. The most often incidence of dyspnoea is generally associated with cardiac and pulmonic diseases. There are also described additional diseases caused by other reasons, i.e. the carbon monoxide intoxication, anemia or hyperventilation, which are often occurred in prehospital emergency care and therefore could be difficult to distinguish from the pulmonic dyspnoea. In particular for paramedics, distinguishing the cardiac or pulmonic dyspnoea from the dyspnoea caused by other reason could be difficult. The examination methods in prehospital emergency care currently available for paramedics are very limited, which can make the fieldwork diagnostic of dyspnoea more difficult. The research was realized by the standardized half-structured interviews with the paramedics working at Emergency service of South Bohemian region. The surveyed group was composed of 14 respondents from all regional centers of Emergency service of South Bohemian region. Selected respondents were at all age categories varying in the length of the praxis at the emergency service, educational background and also in the composition of ambulance crew. The respondents answered 20 prepared questions regarding the knowledge and experience with dyspnoea. The research was aimed to the knowledge of paramedics in the field of differential diagnostics of dyspnoea in prehospital care and also to the difficulty of determination of working diagnosis based on examination methods available for paramedics in prehospital emergency care. Results of the research were summed up into the tables and consequent results are included in the discussion. The first goal of the research was to monitor the knowledge of paramedical staff about differential diagnostics of dyspnoea in prehospital emergency care. The second goal is aimed to monitoring the difficulty of working diagnosis assessment of dyspnoea associated with possibilities of diagnostics in prehospital emergency care. Two experimental questions were elected for research. The first question is dealing with the enough knowledge of paramedics for correct differential diagnosis of dyspnoea in patients in prehospital emergency care. The second experimental question is addressed to the dyspnoea, diagnostics possibility in prehospital emergency care for paramedics and whether it is complicated symptom for working diagnosis assessment. Based on interviews results, the insufficient knowledge of paramedics in most cases of dyspnoea are evident. Paramedics with university degree are more educated in this field. The big lack of knowledge related to dyspnoea lies also in the education of paramedics in the Emergency service of South Bohemian region. Respondents also mentioned the absence of primarily focused course on dyspnoea. The theme is obviously discussed during the course of Emergency service of South Bohemian region only in connection with another theme. Therefore, the big lack of necessary information is obvious. Regarding the insufficient education of paramedics the problem of wrong dyspnoea diagnostics in prehospital emergency care could be closely related. Commonly, paramedics treat cardiac and pulmonic dyspnoea. However, research results emphasize the problems with working diagnosis assessment, necessary for subsequent treatment and targeting the patient. Concerning the gravity of some diseases causing dyspnoea, the incorrect diagnostics could be fatal for patient.
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Obligations of mayors at solution of emergency and crisis situations in Pilsen region.
VITÁK, Ondřej
Each of us lives in some municipality or at least in the cadastral district of some municipality. The council of each municipality deals daily with many issues connected with routine and visible operation of municipality. Unfortunately, sometimes it is necessary to be prepared to solve also the exceptional events or even crisis situations. The author aims to create the summarization which will resume the duties of mayors connected with crisis management and which will help the mayors with long examination of this issue. This thesis covers the Pilsen region because this is the author's home town. To create such a document, it is necessary to perform following operations. First of all, it is required to cover the whole theory of this issue which is laid down in several legislative documents collectively named "the Crisis Legislation". Processing of these legislative documents is performed to correspond to topic of this thesis and not to include the useless information beyond the frame of the topic. The name of the thesis is "Obligations of mayors at solution of emergency and crisis situations in Pilsen region". Indivisible part of dealing with exceptional event and crisis situation is also the preparation for its´ solving within period before occurrence of the exceptional event or crisis situation. This is also covered in processing of the legislative documents. The research part of this thesis focuses on knowledge of mayors to clarify the real need to create this summarization and also the required particularity of this document. This research was conducted by means of questionnaires containing fifteen questions. Five of them are YES/NO questions and the left ten questions are close-ended with one correct answer. The YES/NO (so called informative) questions and answers indicate whether the questionnaires were filled out by the mayors of either cities or villages, what are the sources of threat and several other information. The electronic form was filled out by 100 mayors of the total 501 municipalities of the Pilsen Region. To have the possibility to compare the results of mayors with other results, the same questionnaire in the paper form with only 10 close-ended questions with one correct answer was sent also to 50 laymen from the social environment of the author. On basis of these researches, following hypotheses were pronounced: H1 Mayors and chairmen in the Pilsen Region have the knowledge distributed close to Poisson distribution. H2 Laymen from social environment of the author have knowledge distributed close to normal distribution. H3 Mayors in the Pilsen Region have higher level of knowledge than the laymen from the social environment of the author. The H1 and H2 hypotheses were verified by the 2 test on the level of statistic relevance =0,05, whereas the H1 was refuted and the H2 was confirmed. The H3 hypothesis was then confirmed by the double-choice T-test. Each question of the questionnaire (inclusive the informative questions for mayors) was individually visualised in the diagram, which presents the percentual fruitfulness of mayors and of laymen. These diagrams show obviously that the majority of mayors who filled up the questionnaire, are the mayors of smaller municipalities. More than a half (63%) of these municipalities have less than 500 inhabitants. Large part of these mayors are probably mayors with a full-time employment. The results of mayors did not confirm the distribution of knowledge close to Poisson distribution and the total fruitfulness of mayors´ answers was 61%. This signifies that it is desirable to create this summarization rather as more detailed document with concentration on smaller municipalities and as a chart. The author believes that this summarization will be useful for the mayors.
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The use of immobilization tools in urgent prehospital situations
KOSTKOVÁ, Lucie
The topic of the thesis ``The Use of Immobilisation Aids in Pre-Hospital Urgent Care{\crqq} was chosen for my own interest in these problems. Immobilisation aids are very important for the work of a paramedic. The aim of the thesis was to map the use of immobilisation aids during the action of South Bohemian Region{\crq}s Health Rescue Service. Two hypotheses were stated for the research. Hypothesis 1, that the most used aid is a stretcher, was proved. The results are shown in Graphs 16 and 14. 62 % of informants marked a stretcher (21 times and more in a month) as the most used aid. A stretcher is used at indications of polytrauma (68), perforating injury of abdomen (63), chest trauma (65), and spine injury (54). Finally, as shown in Graph 20, the paramedics would use a stretcher for the transport from hardly accessible terrain. Hypothesis 2, that paramedics use the scoop-frame the least, was also proved, as the results show in Graph 8 where the frequency of scoop-frame use was marked the answer 0-3 times a month the most, which was 87 (91 %). The results of the research point at the frequency of immobilisation aids use in South Bohemian Region, experience of paramedics with various aids for the purpose of immobilisation and their theoretical knowledge needed for the right use of a particular aid. We cannot omit practical experience which are very valuable and which have shown that the paramedics with long-term practice have more experience with immobilisation aids than the paramedics with short-term practice. I would like to draw the attention to the education of paramedics during the exercise of their professions. During the research I encountered a very interesting result. In Graph 1 the results show when the paramedics became familiar with immobilisation aids: 39 (41%) during studies and 8 (8%) during training for Health Rescue Service. I think that the solution could be the introduction of regular training concerning immobilisation aids, their adjusting and use at Health Rescue Service. The results of my thesis might be used in the area of ambulance equipment with immobilisation aids and mainly in the area of extension of compulsory equipment. Further, they might be used to educate students of medical branches at universities.
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Specifics of the immediate nurse care of people suffering from dementia in the social care institution
Stuchlíková, Lenka ; Pečenková, Jaroslava (advisor) ; Šlaisová, Ivana (referee) ; Borkovcová, Jitka (referee)
The bachelor work was focused on specialities of nurse care for people suffering from dementia. In the theoretical part I mention the summary of existing findings from the sphere of dementia in the medical and social viewpoint. I collect informations exploitating the professional and specialist literature. In my work I document factual needs of demented people, care and its specific aspects. In the practical part I analyse and explicate the data of my own experiences obtained by the questionnaire survey and supplemental interviewing the pedagogical personnel from monitored retirements homes. Those data are focused on expert knowledge of staff and the practical routine care for demented people.
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Differentiation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae colonies
Čáp, Michal ; Palková, Zdena (advisor) ; Pichová, Iva (referee) ; Demnerová, Kateřina (referee)
Yeast colonies are, alongside to bacterial biofilms, multicellular communities formed by unicellular microorganisms. These specific communities differ in many ways from populations cultivated in planktonic cultivations. Gradients of nutrients, metabolic by- products and other factors are formed and preserved within these structures, which provides a basis for cellular differentiation. Current literature concerning these issues with emphasis on yeast colonies and biofilms is summarised in the Introduction of this work. Section Results then describes my contribution to the knowledge on the differentiation of the colonies of Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model system for studying microbial multicellular structures. Previously described horizontal differentiation, i.e. differentiation between colony centre and margin, is further characterised with respect to ammonia signalling and stress resistance. The importance of genes conferring the cell`s oxidative stress resistance in colony differentiation was studied and it was concluded that not stress resistance but rather metabolic and other changes promoted by ammonia signal are important for colony differentiation and survival. A new type of colony differentiation - the horizontal, i.e. differentiation between upper and lower part of the colony, is...
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Education of Physics and Creativeness
HRUBÁ, Žaneta
This thesis has been an attempt to 1) delimit the concept of creativity in education, 2) analyze it with respect to its potential use in physics teaching, and 3) provide a practical solution that could be applicable in class. The results show that the idea of employing creative thinking in classes is potentially useful at best. Examples of a practical solution are offered at the end. They include: creative thinking in learning of Ohm{\crq}s law, creative thinking in learning of Archimedes{\crq} principle, and creative thinking in application of knowledge of geometric optics.
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The physic-geographical issues in the preparation of students of economics high-schools
Dobrylovský, Jiří
This assignment deals with the problem of determining the share of physical- geographical problems in high-school geography textbooks. It compares the development of the share of the problem in textbooks of high-schools of economic specializations and of grammar-schools from the period of the 1920s to the beginning of the third millennium. It also compares the results of pedagogical researches carried out in the past, whereas the matching of the results received is very good. Based on the methodology of a quantitative pedagogical research formulated in professional publications of various authors, I am trying to arrive at conclusions, which represent a principally new view of the issues of high-school geography teaching. Development trends, which I managed to discover in the assignment, show that the significance of physical geography in the teaching methods at both types of high-schools was gradually diminished, whereas at economic-profiled high-schools this diminishment took a much faster speed. A part of the research includes also the verification if the students in a long-term horizon are laid increased or decreased demands especially in the viewpoint of the expected geographic knowledge. This assignment shows that the demands were reduced at grammar- schools, whilst at economic high-schools...
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Educational systems from the perspective of theory of culture
Pardeková, Helena ; Soukup, Václav (referee) ; Opletalová, Lenka (advisor)
Cílem předložené práce bylo zpracování tématu výchovy a vzdělávání z kulturo logického hlediska. Tento přístup je autorkou považován za přínosný hned z několika důvodů. Umožňuje spojení poznatků různých vědních disciplin, jejichž výsledky se do souvislostí dostávají v běžné i odborné literatuře spíše výjimečně, a tím otevírá další možnosti řešení specifických problémů a bádání v dané oblasti. Dalším přínosem je začlenění tématu do lidského způsobu života, jeho vnímání jako základní charakteristiky lidstva, jednotlivých společností i jednotlivce. Zkoumáním dopadů edukace na všech těchto třech úrovních lze dospět k funkčním řešením problémů formalizovaného i individuálního předávání lidských poznatků. Vzhledem ke komplexnosti tématu jsem se soustředila na ty základní složky edukačních procesů, které mi pro přehled dané problematiky připadaly nejdůležitější. Důvodem podrobnějšího rozpracování konkrétního systému vzdělávání v ČR, bylo seznámení se s přesnou formulací mechanismů zajištění přenosu znalostí, norem chování, zvyků na ty členy společnosti, u kterých přirozená složka tohoto procesu, tedy rodina, chybí. Specifické sociokulturní regulativy v podobě právních předpisů, existence vládních, krajských i nestátních orgánů, charakter jejich činnosti i vzájemné spolupráce ukazují na míru kulturní vyspělosti...
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