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The evaluation of findings of PCBs in bioindicators of animal origin - fish
Doušová, Petra ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
The baccalaureate theoretical thesis resolved the issues of use of fish as bioindicators to determine the level of ecosystem pollution. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) were selected as a xenobiotic; it still belongs among the priority organic pollutants. The part of thesis is dedicated to physical and chemical toxicological and environmental characteristics of these organic pollutants. Its use in CR in the past was also mentioned, as well as manner of its application in industry, evaluation of its distribution and toxicological effect of individual groups of congeners PCB. Based on the contamination level of fish the evaluation of the water ecosystem was performed, which was compared to data published in Slovakia.
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Hydro-abrasive machining of rotating workpieces from graphite and aluminium alloy
Cárach, J. ; Hloch, Sergej ; Klich, Jiří ; Hlaváček, Petr ; Klichová, Dagmar
The paper compares the quality of machined surface of graphite and aluminium alloy by abrasive water jet using the focusing tube with a diameter of df1 = 0.5 mm and df2 = 0.78 mm. The machining was carried out using the technology of rotating workpiece disintegration by abrasive water jet. Abrasive tangential water jet was used to carry out the experiment (water pressure p = 400 MPa). Workpieces were clamped in the rotating chucking appliance with rotation frequency n = 300 min-1. The change in focusing tube diameter caused the change in values of roughness parameters, and also caused the change of resulting shape of workpieces. Values of roughness parameters were measured using the MicroProf FRT optic profilometer.
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Regulátory rostlinného růstu a jejich možné využití při produkci okrasných dřevin
Hajdová, Pavla
At the experimental plot in the area of Faculty of Horticulture in Lednice was created attempt to determine the effect of growth regulators on the model plant ( Spiraea bumalda 'Anthony Waterer ' ) growing in containers. The purpose was according to morphological and physiological parameters to determine whether the application of growth regulators reduce the effect of stress factors affecting the quality of plants . Growth regulators for this experiment were - abscisic acid, 24 - epibrassinolid, kinetin and spermine (each at three different concentrations ) . It was a total of 12 variants and one control. Of the morphological parameters were evaluated: weight fresh biomass, weight of dried biomass, area of leaf, length of shoots, root collar diameter . Of the physiological parameters were evaluated - index the content of chlorophyll in leaves and chlorophyll fluorescence . The obtained data were statistically analyzed and then compared the effect of various phytohormones. The resulting effect in terms of importance for nursery production was the effect of 24 -epibrassinolidu the most measured parameters.
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Drug sensitization in rats prenatally exposed to methamphetamine
Schutová, Barbora ; Šlamberová, Romana (advisor) ; Šulcová, Alexandra (referee) ; Kršiak, Miloslav (referee)
Methamphetamine (MA) is a psychostimulant drug with high potential for abuse. Psychostimulants were shown to cause behavioral sensitization - a progressive increase of their psychomotor activating effects. Since half of MA users are women of reproductive age, there is an increased risk of negative consequences for their children. The aim of my dissertation thesis was to find out whether prenatal MA exposure is able to increase sensitivity to the same drug in adulthood. Pregnant dams were injected daily with MA 5 mg/kg or saline (S) subcutaneously (s.c.) during the whole gestation. The absolute control group of adult females (C) was not exposed to any injection application. To test the sensitivity of the offspring to MA in adulthood, half of each prenatally exposed group (MA, S, C) were administered MA 1 mg/kg while the other half received S s.c. The sensitizing effect of prenatal MA exposure was tested in the open field, elevated plus maze, Laboras (Metris B.V., Netherlands), Morris water maze, tail-flick test and in the tests of susceptibility to epileptic seizures. Our results showed that the animals prenatally exposed to MA were more susceptible to flurothyl seizures and demonstrated better performance in the test of memory. On the other hand, acute MA application in adulthood increased motor activity,...
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Comparison of extraction procedures for HPLC determination of liposolubile vitamines in serum
Nápravníková, Lenka ; Solich, Petr (advisor) ; Šatínský, Dalibor (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Analytical Chemistry Candidate: Bc. Lenka Nápravníková Consultant: Prof. RNDr. Petr Solich, CSc. Consultant Specialist: Doc. RNDr. Dagmar Solichová, Ph.D. Diploma Thesis Title: Comparison of extraction procedures for HPLC determination of liposolubile vitamines in serum In this thesis were compared extraction methods, solid phase extraction (SPE) and liquid liquid extraction (LLE) used for separation of human serum fat soluble vitamins: A (retinol), E (α-tocopherol), D2 (ergocalcipherol), D3 (cholecalcipherol), 25- (OH)D3 (calcidiol). Vitamins were then determinated by high performace liquid chromatography (HPLC). As a baseline method used the procedure that was developed and partially validated the thesis: Application of the SPE technology and monolithic columns in HPLC analysis of biologically active substances (Horčičková 2009). This procedure was further optimized in order to increase the extraction of target analytes 25(OH)D3, D2 and D3 and shortening the preanalytical phase. Conditions were tested: sample volume, deproteination of serum (reagents, volume, temperature, time), the conditioning of SPE columns (water washing, the dosage), various SPE columns, elution process (agent, the dosage, use of vacuum), the...
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Preparation and testing of capillary packed column sephadex G-10
Tolasz, Jakub ; Sobotníková, Jana (referee) ; Coufal, Pavel (advisor)
Sephadex is a common sorbent in biochemistry for separation of molecules of a wide range of molecular masses. Sephadex is also used for purification or desalination of isolated proteins. Up to now, the gel chromatography has been performed in wide separation columns. Therefore, the isolation techniques for proteins had to be very effective to isolate enough proteins as a sufficient amount of the sample. The preparation and application of a capillary separation column packed with sephadex could decrease the needed sample amount and enable work with hardly isolable proteins obtained only in small quantities. In this bachelor project, the capillary column was packed with sephadex using the slurry packing procedure. The principle of monolithic columns was used to create a gel in the column. The column was packed in organic solvent firs, and then hydrated when flushing with water to generate the gel.
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The Methods of the Sensorial Appraisal of the Fish Meal Quality
TOMEČEK, Ondřej
The methods of the sensorial quality assesment, mainly by the new products in the market, are still a very important part of the business strategy. After killing fish there are changes in the whole organism and these can appear in the product characterization in various ways. These changes of the sensorial marks (smell, taste, aftertaste and consistence) are judged according to the form of the quality criteria. There are various methods for the judgement of the sensorial profile of the picked fish product and this is practised either by means of the machines or by the subjective judgement of the educated experts. Fish meal, mainly that of fresh water fish, is a type of commodity which should be enforced and which seems to have a good perspective in the market. That´s why learning these methods and of course their subsequent application is very important for the demand of fish meal and fish products by the exacting consumers.
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Influence of biochar on saturated hydraulic conductivity of contaminated fluvisol
Tomáš, Tomáš ; Jačka, Lukáš (advisor) ; Pavlásek, Jiří (referee)
This thesis deals with the influence of biochar on saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) of contaminated fluvisol. Values of Ks are key inputs for modeling of water flow in soils. Contaminated fluvisol and this soil enriched by 2 and also 5% of biochar were studied in this thesis. These differently treated soils ware gauged to find out differences in Ks and changes of Ks time. Biochar improves sorption capacity and other soil properties. The influence of biochar application on Ks it not fully revealed. We used biochar which was made by pyrolysis of stalks of grapevine.
Measurements were made in two series since October to December in 2015. For both series, 10 samples, (5 in reference and 5 enriched by biochar) were measured. A total of 20 samples were measured in each series. Every sample was measured for 14 days in 10 time steps (10 recurrent measurements). Physical properties (bulk density, porosity, saturated water content) and particle size analysis using hydrometer method were also measured. Homogeneous soil mixtures of the soils were packed in Kopeckého sampling rings (100 cm3). In first series, 5 reference samples and 5 samples with 2% content of biochar were compared. Saturation of the samples was made gradually and slowly and takes 1 week. Measurement was made by laboratory permeameter (hydraulic gradient about 0.5).
For reference samples of first series, mean Ks value was 4,818.10-6 m.s-1. For samples enriched by 5% biochar mean Ks value was 2,254.10-6 m.s-1. For reference of second series, mean Ks value was 6,435.10-6 m.s-1. For samples enriched by 2% biochar mean Ks value was 4,211.10-6 m.s-1.
Application of biochar on tested soil decrease Ks in comparison with reference soil. Decrease of Ks value was more distinct for soil enriched 5% of biochar than for soil enriched by 2% of biochar. Application of biochar also decrease coefficient of variation of measured Ks. in most of the time steps. Reference samples exhibited larger differences of Ks among time steps than biochar enriched soils.
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