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The effect of cancerogenic azo dye Sudan I on expression of biotransformation enzymes
Hejduková, Žaneta ; Dračínská, Helena (referee) ; Svášková, Dagmar (advisor)
Sudan I is a widely used azo dye which has the ability to cause carcinomas in organs and tissues of experimental animals. During reactions catalyzed by microsomal monooxygenase enzyme systems or cytoplasmic biotransformation enzymes, Sudan I is oxidized to reactive metabolites that covalently bind to nucleic acids and cause their damage. Sudan I can also be metabolized by reduction, e. g. by a DT-diaphorase enzyme (NQO1). Reduction of Sudan I is considered to be a detoxification reaction. In this work, the in vivo action of Sudan I is examined in terms of its ability to induce an expression of the biotransformation enzyme DT-diaphorase in tissues of rats treated with the azo dye. The aim of this work was to quantify the degree of NQO1 induction at mRNA level. After the isolation of total RNA from organs of rats treated with Sudan I, the RNA was converted to cDNA by reverse transcription using random hexamers as primers. Using specific probes, the abundance of mRNA for the enzyme NQO1 in the organs of treated rats was quantified by "real-time" PCR, relatively to the control gene with a constant expression (β-actin). Through comparing thus determined amounts of mRNA in individual organs of treated and untreated rats, it has been found that Sudan I had caused a significant increase in the expression...
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Analysis of the impact of financial crisis
Harbaľ, Daniel ; Dvořák, Petr (advisor) ; Kuklik, Robert G. (referee)
The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the new upcoming changes in regulation and supervision of financial systems and present author's own view of the success, effectiveness and necessity of these measures in the context of the recent economic crisis. It begins with the part, which contains a description of the factors that influenced the crisis the most and discusses the means of Central Banks to intervene effectively even before the emergence of the crisis from the perspective of regulation and supervision. The second part describes newly discussed and some already adopted changes and actions in the regulation and supervision of the financial system, particularly changes in bank capital, the removal of pro-cyclicality, accounting views and the liquidity risk management. In conclusion, the author presents his views on the direction of regulation and supervision, the effectiveness of the measures taken, their ability to prevent crises in the future and at what price did they achieve the objectives in focus.
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Morphological characterization of monolithic columns
Širc, Jakub ; Bosáková, Zuzana (advisor) ; Feltl, Ladislav (referee) ; Vacík, Jiří (referee)
I ntroduction Iligh-perfbnnance liquid chromatography (lIPLC) is currently one of the ntost common anal1'tica| soparation 1cclrtlic1ttcs' Duc to its ability to separate a widc range oÍ'a structurally rlil.Íěrent lorr- and high ntolecular oompourtds o1'polar as rvcll as non-polar nature, tIPLC found application in analylical laboratories in thc field ofrnedicine. plrarrrracy. biology. industry and the environmelt. Although the oonverttional packed colunrns are used in most of ths chronratographic applications, stationary phases in the Íbrnr of.particles have their limitations and disadvňtages. Quality o| the packed colutltns is irrÍluerrced by a rrunrber ol. paranreters' |or exanrple relatiňly conrplicated process ol.lilling I l |' Variances in the particle size and inegularities in their shape have á n!'galive inrpact on thc chrotratoBraphic process. Conrmon problems of the packed oolunrns are an inhomogeucous distribution ol the particles ol'various sizes and their settling in the column u,ith consequent greation of dcad voIuntes' FIighly uniÍbm spherical partic|es prcpared by suspension polynrerization can partlY solve stlnte Iintitations. hor,vever. disadvantagcs arising Íionr the prin|iple of tlrc packcd coluurns still rcntain. Prornising altcmative to thc paoked colunrns are monoliths. made of a block...
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Long-term functional consequences of early clonazepam exposure in immature rats
Šubrt, Martin ; Kubová, Hana (advisor) ; Landová, Eva (referee)
Benzodiazepines (BZs) are widely prescribed because of broad spectrum of therapeutic effects. Under specific conditions they can be used during the pregnancy and early postnatally in humans. However, clinical studies suggest their possible behavioral teratogenicity even though it is difficult to separate consequences of early BZs exposure from underlying pathologies in clinical practice. Therefore experimental studies can help us to determine risks of early BZs treatment for later development. Present study was designed to assess functional consequences of early exposure to clonazepam (CZP). Immature rats were exposed to therapeutically relevant doses of CZP (0.1 - 1 mg/kg/day). CZP was administered for five consecutive day starting at postnatal (P) day 7. Behavioral tests started 24 hours after the last CZP injection (i.e. at P12) and continued up to the age of 4 months. Battery of behavioral tests evaluating cognitive functions, motivation and emotionality was used in this study. Present data show that early CZP exposure does not affect memory and learning abilities, but it leads to the increase of locomotor activity, decreased motivation and impairment of long term habituation. None of these effects was clearly dose-dependent. Importantly, early CZP-exposure changed social behavior (social interactions...
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Transport of flavonoids through the cell membranes I.
Deščíková, Veronika ; Martin, Jan (advisor) ; Kašparová, Marie (referee)
Veronika Deščíková, Transport of flavonoids through the cell membranes I., graduation thesis, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, thesis supervisor: Mgr. Jan Martin Ph.D., Hradec Králové, 2007, 52 pages This work was aimed at an experimental verification of some of the transport mechanisms for flavonoid baicalin and his aglycone baicalein on suspension cultures derived from plant Scutellaria baicalensis (baikal scullcap). An amount of flavonoids after elicitation by glutathione, orthovanadate and kalium cyanide was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography method (HPLC). According to several recent studies an addition of glutathione should increase an amount of flavonoids. The effect on scullcap suspension cultures showed noticeable decrease of both flavonoids, mainly after 24 and 72 hours of elicitation. Biosynthesis of baicalin was intensively reduced after adding orthovanadate, showing that ABC transporters for this flavonoid are vanadate-sensitive. Elicitation with kalium cyanide didn't demonstrate any significant changes of baicalin or baicalein amount. Using of this cyanide as an elicitor is doubtful due to its unclear interaction with peroxidase system. Keywords: flavonoids - ABC transporters - baicalin - baikal scullcap - Scutellaria baicalensis -...
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Covering HR solutions in small and mid-size companies
Pravdová, Helena ; Žid, Norbert (advisor) ; Houfková, Michaela (referee)
This diploma thesis covering HR solutions in small and mid-size companies, involving generic characteristics of human resource coordination and its development. In focus to software possibilities covering this topic, including SW assessment base on gathered informations about small and mid-size companies and their management processes. My study is composed into six major parts (introduction to the topic, current trends, description and presentation of researched sector, contemporary software implementations and abilities, analysis of highlighted application, case study). In the Chapter II, beginning of HR and its development as stand alone branch of economy science is explained, and pointed to it's current state. Next chapter features the whole scale of HR in relation to this research. The core of this research is covered in fourth, fifth and sixth chapter, where the assessment of HRIS is made according to demonstration company specifics. Final choice is based on analysis of gathered specifications of each HRIS, according to requirements stated by each company.
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Expression of SWC7 molecules on the pig B lymphocytes.
Fikrová, Petra ; Konečná, Klára (referee) ; Jílek, Petr (advisor)
The aim of this graduation thesis is to clarify the expression profile of the SWC7 molecule on B cells in swine and eventually to resolve its function during maturation. At present it is possible to define the maturation pathways of porcine B lymphocytes in the periphery on the base of the expression CD2 and CD21 cell surface molecules. The flow cytometry was chosen as a central experimental method for detection of B lymphocytes carrying SWC7 molecule on their surface. The ability of individual B cell subpopulation to produce antibodies was also measured by ELISA. Principal phenotype characterization showed that the SWC7 molecule is found only on the surface of IgM+ and CD21+ B cells. These may be CD2 positive or negative. Based on this finding, the individual subpopulations of IgM+ CD21+ B cells differing in expression of SWC7 and CD2 molecules were purified by flow cytometry. Subpopulations were thereafter cultivated and subsequently analyzed for alterations in their phenotype. Media from cultivated cells were also analyzed for presence of porcine IgM, IgG and IgA antibodies by ELISA. Results indicate that the expression of SWC7 molecule on the surface of B cells may be considered as a maturation marker because loss of SWC7 molecules from the cell surface is irreversible and because only SWC7- B cells are...
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Spirulina platensis effects on atherogenesis in mouse model of atherosclerosis.
Hanusová, Kateřina ; Mičuda, Stanislav (referee) ; Nachtigal, Petr (advisor)
Spirulina platensis is a single cell blue-green algae of Cyanobacteria strain. Spirulina belongs among foodstuffs with the highest protein content and contains all essential amino-acids. It is also a source of some non essential amino-acids, important nutrients as for example gamma linol acid, a lot of vitamins (B1, B2, B6, biotin, etc.) and trace elements (e.g. selenium, chrome, iron, calcium). Moreover it contains natural pigments carotenoids, chlorophyll and phycocyanin. The aim of this thesis was to test potential hypolipidemic and anti- inflammatory effects of Spirulina platensis on an experimental animal model of apoE/LDLr deficient mice. Therefore the parameters of lipid spectrum in blood and VCAM-1 expressions in arterial endothelium were monitored. Mice with deficit of apolipoprotein E (apoE-/- ) and LDL receptor were weaned of and for two weeks fed with a standard diet. At the age of eight weeks they started to be fed with atherogenic diet containing 0.15% of cholesterol. This continued for eight weeks (control group). In Spirulina platensis group the mice were fed with the same atherogenic diet with daily addition of 20 mg of Spirulina platensis. Biochemical analysis of lipid spectrum as well as histochemical and imunohistochemical analyses of atherosclerotic plates and VCAM-1...
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The treatment of multiple sclerosis.
Kučerová, Marika ; Herink, Josef (referee) ; Jílek, Petr (advisor)
Multiple sclerosis treatment Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune inflammatory and neurodegenerative disease that affects central nervous system and continuously worsen physical and cognitive abilities of the patients. The causal therapy has not been found yet; the disease could be influenced by immunomodulation, immunosuppression and cytostatic treatment. In the first phase of the disease mainly the inflammatory processes are present. The manifestation of these is the attack of increased neurological deficite. The attack of multiple sclerosis is usually treated by the intravenous infusion of high-dose methylprednisolone. This type of treatment is expensive and unplesant for the patient. That is the reason why the use of oral treatment by high-dose methylprednisolone in the same scheme of application has started in some centres. The aim of this paper is to prove if the effect of oral therapy is the same as of the intravenous one. According to the papers studied the therapy is equally effective as the intravenous one, however more studies are needed to prove the effect reliably.
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Gemcitabine in anti-rejection treatment in experimental liver transplantation
Mergental, Hynek ; Ryska, Miroslav (advisor) ; Bělina, František (referee) ; Třeška, Vladislav (referee)
The first part of thesis is focused on the technical aspects of experimental model of liver transplantation on rats. The second part describes the research project that tested a novel immunosuppressive drug gemcitabine compared to low dose of cyclosporine A on the acute liver rejection model. To use a cytostatic drug in a low dose with a minimal toxicity as an immunosuppressant would be attractive for clinical use. Particularly because liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma represent a frequent indication nowadays and also due to risk of development of a new post transplant malignancies as an side effect of standard immunosuppressant. Our results showed lower nephrotoxicity compared to cyclosporine, however, did not confirm the previous optimistic reports in terms of rejection treatment as it only mildly decreased the rejection severity. Our data suggests that gemcitabine cannot be used as a main immunosuppressant alone.
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