|
Cognitive functions training in elderly
Štěpánková, Hana ; Loneková, Katarína (referee) ; Šípek, Jiří (advisor)
This thesis is about cognitive training in older age. It connects the questions of aging and cognitive functions. Theoretical part deals with present state of knowledge, with focus on healthy population mainly, i.e. without cognitive impairment. The practical part is a research of memory training program effectiveness in cognitively intact elderly. Memory training is a popular name for interventions aimed at training of cognitive functions and activation of seniors; the last part is a brief methodological manual for memory trainers.
|
|
The role of the radiological assistant in the radiotherapy of prostate cancer
Macháček, Jan ; Jirkovská, Michaela (referee) ; Malinová, Běla (advisor)
This bachelor's thesis "The Role of the Radiological Assistant in the Radiotherapy of Prostate Cancer" deals with a malignant disease of prostate which represents the most common type of cancer of adult men. In preface of my work, I concentrate on anatomy and function of prostate, epidemiology, disease symptoms and I so describe the way of diagnosis (PSA, DRE, TRUS, biopsy, radioisotopic scintigraphy, CT, MR and cystoscopy) here. The extent of tumour (staging) and clinical stage of disease (TNM classification, level of tumour differentiation) are very important at prostate cancer too. In realm of the curative strategy, I write about the surgical treatment, the possibility of radiotherapy, and about the hormonal treatment and the chemotherapy in the end. Especially I want to remark a daily working content of the radiological assistant at workplace of the radiological oncology (localization, planning CT examination, contouring, radiotherapy plan simulation, daily patient positioning and irradiation on linear accelerator) and equipment needed to radiation therapy (simulator, planning CT scanner, linear accelerator). In the end of my work I concentrate on the prognosis of prostate carcinoma and why it is important to do the preventive examination (screening) of this disease. The Faculty Library, Hospital Motol...
|
|
The parameters of maximum breathing gas exchange depending on diaphragmactivation
Svitek, Martin ; Radvanský, Jiří (advisor) ; Bitnar, Petr (referee)
The alm of the work was to evaluate the impact of facilitation of physiologic coordination of respiratory and postural functions of diaphragm by Vojta-therapy on gas exchange. This thesis summarizes available knowledge about anatomical background of diaphragm functions, together with other trunk muscles known as deep stabilizing system. Moreover, it describes coordination of breathing and postural functions. We tried to objectify impact of diaphragm activation on gas exchange in healthy adults. Two following spiroergometries were compared aťt:er Vojta-therapy stimulation and with placebo. We evaluated minute ventilation, breath frequency, tidal volume, oxygen consumption, rate oť elimination of carbon dioxide and respiratory quotient. There were no statistical differences between placebo and Vojta- therapy group at exercise intensity levels 1 W /kg, 2 W /kg and in maximal exercise. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
|
|
The contribution to the study of the swelling mechanism of aliphatic oligoesters
Faukner, Antonín ; Dittrich, Milan (advisor) ; Šnejdrová, Eva (referee)
This work deals with interaction of oligoester carriers based on DL-lactic-co-glycolic acid, with hydrophilic medium. The interaction results with phenomena of degradation, erosion and swelling of delivery system. The purpose of this work was to quantify water soluble, high osmotically active degradation products generated via hydrolysis in the matrices, and to find a connection between concentration of degradation products and changes of swelling in time. Experiments with two types of branched polymers were realized. The main difference between the both had origin in the concentration of tripenterythritol used as branching monomer and in the blending of this polymer with 20% triethylcitrate used as plasticizer. Matrices differ in size too. The method used included parallel gravimetric monitoring of erosion and swelling of matrices and alkalimetric quantifying of degradation acid hydrolysis products. The last mentioned parameter was obtained by the separation of hydrophilic and lipophilic fractions of matrices between organic and aqueous phase. Narrow correlation between matrices swelling rate and simultaneously proven concentration of hydrophilic oligoesters generated in matrices was established.
|
|
The Memory Function in Children with Developmental Problems
Plívová, Markéta ; Michalová, Zdena (referee) ; Housarová, Blanka (advisor)
The diploma thesis briefly drala with the problem of memory functions of children with specific language disorder -developmental sérech impediment. The theoretical devotes to the explanation of basic terms - memory, memory in relation to speech, memory of yong learners, and memory in relation to the developmental speech impediment. The practical part offers the comparison of two groups based on a memory test. First I teste children from regular elementary schools and tried to find out thein memory kapacity. The other group was formel by children with speech impediment. I tried to compare and evaluate the experiment.
|
| |
|
The analysis of pressure distribution over the sole while standing and walking in heel spur patients, prior to therapy and following shock wave treatment
Komendová, Radka ; Dyrhonová, Olga (referee) ; Jelen, Karel (advisor)
The thesis "Analysis of the distribution of the sole pressures in standing position and in walking of person s with the diagnosis of calcar calcanei before and after extracorporeal shock wave therapy" is a theoretical-empirical case study. The theoretical part deals with kinesiology and function of foot, furthermore it attends to postural stability system, control, analysis of physiological walk and plantar distribution of pressures in standing position and in walk. Also, findings about heel spur and its treatment possibilities are worked up. The theoretical part ends with the summary of findings about extracorporeal shock wave therapy, advantages and disadvantages, indications and contraindications. The empirical part of the thesis is concemed with verifying the influence of extracorporeal shock wave therapy to standing position and walk of patients with the diagnosis calcar calcanei. The main object of the research was observing changes in the distribution of the sole pressures in standing position and walk of the patients with heel spur before and after extracorporeal shock wave herapy. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
|
|
Mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase: cyanide inhibition and role of assembly factor Surf1 defect
Nůsková, Hana ; Kalous, Martin (referee) ; Drahota, Zdeněk (advisor)
The activity of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase (COX) can be affected by either exogenous or endogenous factors. The most efficient and in the environment abundant compound that inhibits COX is cyanide. The very frequent cause of COX deficiency in humans is represented by a defect in the SURF1 gene. The mechanism of cyanide inhibitory effect on COX as well as the conditions for its recovery are not yet fully explained. Three parameters of COX function, namely the transport of electrons (oxygen consumption), the transport of protons (mitochondrial membrane potential, m) and the enzyme affinity to oxygen (p50 value), were studied with regard to the inhibition by KCN and its reversal by pyruvate. The function of COX was analysed in intact isolated rat liver mitochondria, both within the respiratory chain and as a sole enzyme, using succinate or an artificial electron donor ascorbate + TMPD as a substrate. 250 M KCN completely inhibited both electron- and proton-transporting function of COX, and this inhibition was reversible as proved with washing of mitochondria. The addition of 60 mM pyruvate induced the maximal recovery of both parameters to 60 - 80 % of original values. Using KCN in the low concentration range up to 5 M, a profound, 30-fold decrease of COX affinity to oxygen was observed....
|
|
Immunological profile of patients with multiple sclerosis
Šubjak, David ; Fišerová, Anna (advisor) ; Růžičková, Šárka (referee)
Immunological profile of multiple sclerosis patients Abstrakt Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune neurodegenerative disease affecting predominantly the white matter of the CNS and the spinal cord. The mechanism of disease progression is not yet fully understood. In this study we focused on a comparison of selected immunological markers between patients with multiple sclerosis who were naïve newly diagnosed, subsequently treated with Avonex (IFNβ1a) and healthy donors. The T cells (particulary cytotoxic CD8+ T cells) are the major population involved in pathogenesis of MS causing the demyelization of axons. Subpopulation of CD161+ Th cells has a potential to be very important in this process. We focused on the role of NK cells phenotype and function in autoimmune response of patients and their changes during the therapeutic intervention. Using flow cytometry we analyzed the distribution of NK, NKT, T cells and monocytes with special regard to the expression of CD161 and NKG2D molecules on their surface. We observed increase counts of CD161+ cells in subpopulations NK CD56bright , NK CD56dim , Th, Tc CD8bright , Tc CD8dim and decrease counts of NKG2D+ cells in subpopulations NK CD56bright , NK CD56dim , NKT, Th, Tc CD8bright , Tc CD8dim and monocytes. The decreased cytotoxic activity of NK cells in naïve MS...
|
|
Influence of sucrose in culture medium on phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase activity in tobacco leaves
Fiala, Martin ; Ryšlavá, Helena (advisor) ; Hoffmeisterová, Hana (referee)
Plants are under physiological conditions autotrophic organisms that are capable to fix CO2 for the synthesis of carbohydrates. Metabolism of plants may be affected by presence of sucrose in the culture medium. The aim of this study was to determine whether activity of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (EC 4.1.1.31, PEPC) and nitrate reductase (EC 1.7.1.1, NR) were affected by the presence of sucrose in the culture medium. PEPC plays important role in photosynthesis of C4 and CAM plants; in C3 plants PEPC plays an anaplerotic role by replenishing of citric acid cycle intermediates and providing carbon skeletons to support nitrogen assimilation. PEPC activity in plants grown in culture medium with sucrose was about 70 % higher than in plants grown without sucrose. Level of phosphorylation of PEPC was studied by detemnination of PEPC activity after alkaline phosphatase treatment, activation of PEPC by D-glucose-6-phosphate and inhibition of PEPC by L-malate. PEPC activity after dephosphorylation in both groups of plants was decreased at similar level. Also activation of PEPC by D-glucose-6-phosphate and inhibition of PEPC by L-malate was very similar in plants grown with sucrose and without sucrose. NR is a key enzyme in nitrogen fixation. Activity of NR in plants grown with sucrose was about 90 %...
|
guest ::
