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Metabolic study of sibutramine
Link, Marek ; Wsól, Vladimír (advisor) ; Holčapek, Michal (referee) ; Nobilis, Milan (referee)
Obesity represents a serious problem especially in American and European populations. Pharmacotherapy in combination with a reduced calorie diet is recommended for obese patients as a multi-modal approach to weight loss. Sibutramine hydrochloride monohydrate represents one of the few established and well-proven agents available for treatment of obesity. It is sold as a racemic mixture under the trade-name Meridia, Reductil or Lindaxa. It acts as a monoamine reuptake inhibitor. The weight loss of patients induced by sibutramine is thought to be due to a combination of serotonin- and noradrenaline-mediated mechanisms that increase both satiety and energy expenditure. In organisms, sibutramine is rapidly demethylated to form metabolites M1 and M2. These metabolites contribute largely to the pharmacological effects of sibutramine and the pharmacokinetic characteristics of M1 and M2 were thoroughly studied in human plasma. Although sibutramine is widely used for the treatment of obesity almost ten years, the published information on the further metabolic fate of metabolites M1 and M2 as well as on the elimination of sibutramine from the body is almost exclusively limited to package inserts of the product. To address this issue we determined the routes of elimination of sibutramine in humans via urine. LC-API/MS...
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Phenomena of death and dying in Czech literature of the 20th century
Záborcová, Milada ; Bílek, Petr (advisor) ; Papoušek, Vladimír (referee) ; Med, Jaroslav (referee)
The dissertation thesis deals with distinct semantic levels of the theme of death and dying in a large context of Czech poetry and prose-fiction of the 20th century. In the first two chapters, the approach is supposed to cover broader interpretations of the treatment of death and dying based on philosophical, psychological, medical, ethic, and spiritual background. Due to the large range of the material, just essential frames of the attitudes towards dying are outlined, focusing on European medieval context and older texts of Czech literature. Philosophical background focuses on texts of selected writers who influenced Czech literature of the 20th century and/or were explicitly or implicitly reflected in it. The image of death and dying in Czech literature of the 20th century is analyzed in chapters that are based on periodisation that reflects substantial changes in the perception of death and in the ways of its verbal visualization in literature. The classification of texts is divided into five types based on the differences of the images of death in the composition of distinct literary texts. The first group has the specificities of texts of poetry and prose-fiction of catholic background: the authors, facing the secularization of the world in the first third of the 20th century, have to reflect the...
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Magnetism in transition metal oxides
Burianová, Simona ; Kalbáčová Vejpravová, Jana (advisor) ; Svoboda, Pavel (referee)
The CoFe2O4 nanocrystals are highly attractive due to their magnetic properties - large coercivity (up to 2 T at low temperatures) with moderate saturation magnetization (80 A.m2.kg-1), remarkable chemical stability and mechanical hardness. Upon RE doping, a significant change of the properties is expected. This thesis is focused on investigation of Co1-LaxFe2O4, x = 0.05 - 0.5 and CoLaxFe2-x O4 x = 0.05 - 0.2 nanoparticles prepared by sol-gel and microemulsion method, respectively, with varying particle size according to the final heat treatment. In the former case, the particles were embedded in amorphous SiO2 matrix, while in the latter case, the samples were matrix-free. The samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction and Mössbauer spectroscopy. Measurements of the temperature dependence of the ZFC-FC magnetization revealed that the blocking temperature is above the room temperature. The values of coercivity and saturation magnetization strongly depend on particles size determined by method of preparation. The higher coercivity values of about 2 T at 10 K show the samples prepared by the sol-gel method. The obtained results are discussed in the context of preparation method, particle size and level of La doping.
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Malaria - global challenge.
Kameník, Vladimír ; Dáňová, Jana (advisor)
When creating this work I have watched several targets. The first of these was to bring malaria as a disease in all its forms and all consequences that come with this disease may experience a bear, with special focus on the description of agents, mode of transmission, clinicaldifferences between images different types of malaria, treatment, and last but not least, to recallthe importance of prevention and intervention measures to limit the spread of diseaseand number of infected. I tried to show in addition to the medical aspect and socio-economic problems of this page, because a high incidence worldwide Every year malaria affects a relatively large percentage of the economically active population, but also children, pregnant women and seniors. The costs of their treatment and prevention other diseases in order to reach billions of U.S. dollars. In the second part, I paid particular attention to statistical data and the epidemiology of malaria in the last 28 years not only in Europe, special emphasis on the Czech Republic but also abroad. There isdocumented increase in imported malaria, mainly in Europe but also in othercountries. Predominant increase in imports to countries where malaria has been eradicated. I tried thus proving that malaria is indeed a global problem that is either directly or indirectly...
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World religions and their importance for travellers
Valentová, Lenka ; Hrnčíř, Evžen (advisor)
Hinduism-characterized with a variety of uniform components passing through different traditions. Of the many gods, the most important are Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva. Religion is the most widespread of the Indian peninsula. Ayurveda is a traditional Indian medicine, which in essence is a balance of body and soul. Treatment is aimed at restoring the balance by living and eating habits, medication and preventive measures. Food is very diverse and aromatic. Beef is prohibited. Buddhism-the science of cognition the things as they are, and based on the teachings of Siddhartha Gautama founder. The main idea is that life is suffering and the way out of it is enlightenment. Buddhist belief is widespread in Southeast Asia. The body is considered to be a temporary envelope of soul and should be treated with care by exercise, diet, meditation régime and becoming hardened. The treatment uses herbal preparations. Western treatment is not denied. Diet is more vegetarian and vegetable meat analogues are used. Beef meat, meat of large and exotic animals, including guts is not consumed. Judaism-the first major monotheistic religions. Omnipotent and omnipresent God - The Creator has a personal relationship with his people. Many Jews live in North America and Israel. Jews are convinced that every moment of life is precious....
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Radiation therapy of non-melanoma-type skin tumors
MENCLOVÁ, Lucie
Skin tumors of non-melanoma type (particularly basal cell cancer and squamous cell cancer) include a large and important group of malignant lesions. Their incidence in human population has been steadily increasing. The current treatment modalities include surgical excision and radiation therapy. The advantages of radiation include the ease of application, pain-free administration and excellent cosmetic result. The goal of radiotherapy is a homogeneous dose distribution in the entire volume of target tissue. This distribution is affected by a choice of particular radiation criteria, which are individually selected for each patient undergoing radiation. The choice of a particular technique of radiation is affected by a number of factors such as microscopic findings, tumor localization, TNM classification, etc. Analysis of data collected in a group of patients treated by radiation at the Department of Radiation Therapy and Oncology FNKV during the period from 2001 to 2006 showed, that there has been a steady rise in incidence of these non-melanoma skin tumors. This confirms the importance of this topic.
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Care about immature newborn of HIV positive mother
Marianová, Sandra ; Fajt, Martin (referee) ; Saxlová, Jaroslava (advisor)
This thesis is dedicated to the care of immature newborn HIV positive mothers. Work is conceived as a theoretical - practical. The theoretical part is devoted to HIV infection, their transmission, including transmission from mother to child, diagnosis, treatment options and preventive measures. Although there is enough awareness and prevention programs aimed at preventing transmission and transmission of HIV infection, a large number of HIV positive women diagnosed during pregnancy, resulting in considerable risk to the fetus. Then the paper deals with the care of HIV positive women during pregnancy and during delivery. Another section is dedicated to the care of newborn immature, are mentioned aspects of medical and nursing care for these children. The practical part contains a case report of immature babies who are born HIV positive mother. Case report describes the course of hospitalization for Neonatology Intensive Care Unit. There is comprehensively described for newborn care, focusing on the specifics of treatment of immature children. It also mentioned the proportion of parental care, including their education in the care of these children.
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Monitoring of Selected Markers of Damage to the Colon after Induction of Chrohnic Colotis
Římalová, Pavla ; Štaud, František (referee) ; Nachtigal, Petr (advisor)
Monitoring of selected markers of damage to the colon after induction of chrohnic colotis Pavla Římalová 2010 Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Crohn disease and Colitis belong to the Infammatory Bowel Diseases. AHR is Arylhydrocarbon receptor, which was suggested to affect the activity of immune system. Bilirubin is endogenous substance with significant antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. In this pilot thesis, we wanted to study the expression of AHR and large intestine wall after the induction of chronic colitis in normobilirubenimic (Wistar) and hyperbilirubinemic (Gunn) rats. Sixteen rats for Wistar and sixteen rats for Gunn were used in the experiment. Eight rats from each strain were administered by dextran sulphate (DSS) in drinking water for 7 days. All animals were on drinking water for another 14 days. This cycle was repeated three times. Immunohistochemical staining revealed the expression of AHR muscular layer and muscularis mucosa in all experimental groups. Administration of DSS resulted in increased expression of AHR in epithelial cells in Wistar rats. AHR expression was higher in non-treated Gunn rats when compared with non-treated Wistar. DSS treatment resulted in decreased expression of AHR in...
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Ecotoxicological Screening of the Select Drug II
Dubánková, Marianna ; Macáková, Kateřina (referee) ; Vytlačilová, Jitka (advisor)
Dubánková, M. (2010) - Ecotoxicological Screening of the Select Drug II. Diplomová práce. Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology Quinolone antibacterial agents represent a chemically homogenous group of purely synthetic antibiotics which originated in the early 1960s and still play an important role in the antimicrobial chemotherapy. Quinolones (or more specific, fluoroquinolones) are frequently used in human therapy for treatment of both common and serious diseases (they are irreplaceable also against bioterrorist weapons, such as anthrax). Some of the fluoroquinolones are also among the most used veterinary antimicrobials, including their large-scale usage in aquaculture. Only in the Czech Republic, their annual consumption is in the order of millions of defined daily doses (DDD). Fluoroquinolones as entirely synthetic compounds do not have any natural source in the environment - therefore their occurrence in both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems is the result of human activity. Excluding the direct application to the aquatic environment (prophylaxis and treatment of bacterial diseases in the aquaculture), the most common point of entry of fluoroquinolones into the environment is via the wastewaters. Numerous studies...
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Biological properties of non-functioning pituitary adenomas.
Česák, Tomáš ; Náhlovský, Jiří (advisor) ; Smrčka, Martin (referee) ; Paleček, Tomáš (referee)
Introduction: Non-functioning pituitary adenomas (NFPAs) are regarded as benign, slowly growing tumours of the sella turcica region. Their growth is generally constantly exponential; however, rapid and aggressive proliferation is not the exception, especially in young patients. Treatment involves surgical removal. In literature, the role of postoperative irradiation of the residual tumour is controversial. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the natural growth patterns of NFPAs and attempt to identify the factors affecting their growth potential. As part of the study, nuclear marker Ki-67 was tested as a possible reliable indicator of adenoma proliferation, as well as it's role as a potential marker of postoperative remnant's growth potential. This would enable the identification of serious rapid growth in cases of tumour recurrence. Material: Our study is based on 105 patients operated for NFPAs between years 2000-2007. The fixed inclusion criteria of the study (a postoperative residue detected by 2 graphic examinations, absence of adjuvant therapy and the imunohistochemical determination of the proliferation marker) were fulfilled by 29 patients (22 men, 3 women). The average age of the patient group was 62.9 years. By large, the tumours were afunctional macroadenomas with gonadotrophin...
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