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Species traits determining species composition on abandoned fields
Jarošíková, Cecílie ; Münzbergová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Klimešová, Jitka (referee)
Though succession is a widely studied process, there are only a few reports dealing with changes in plant functional types in the course of succession. Even fewer studies are dealing with agricultural, wet meadows, which are under continuous impact of mowing. The aim of this work is to fill this gap. The studied area is situated in south part of CHKO Slavkovský Les (region of Karlovy Vary, West Bohemia). In previous works grasslands on arable field after 15, 35 and 55 years after abandoned and continual grasslands in last 100 years were detected from historical agriculture maps. The releves on all types of grassland were made and the species pool was investigated. I this work I investigate the functional types and live-history traits of these species and I also look for Ellenberger values and changes of abiotic environment. The result suggests that the late - successional species are long-lived and have slower live cycle (they mature later). Their seeds are less persistent and have worse dispersal ability. Their seedlings are more viable and the species invest more to aboveground biomass than to underground. Late-successional species also flower earlier and shorter time, what seems to be an adaptation to mowing. I found no relationship between successional age in which the species occur and seed mass,...
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Wavelet-based Realized Variation and Covariation Theory
Baruník, Jozef ; Vošvrda, Miloslav (advisor) ; Kočenda, Evžen (referee) ; Di Matteo, Tiziana (referee) ; Veredas, David (referee)
English Abstract The study of volatility and covariation has become one of the most active and successful areas of research in time series econometrics and economic forecasting in recent decades. This dissertation contains a complete theory for realized variation and covariation estima- tion, generalizing current knowledge and taking the estimation into the time-frequency domain for the first time. The first part of the theory presents a wavelet-based realized variation theory, while the second part introduces its multivariate counterpart, a wavelet- based realized covariation theory. The results generalize the popular realized volatility framework by bringing robustness to noise as well as jumps and the ability to measure realized variation and covariation not only in the time domain, but also in the frequency domain. The theory is also tested in a numerical study of the small sample performance of the estimators and compared to other popular realized variation estimators under dif- ferent simulation settings with changing noise as well as jump level. The results reveal that our wavelet-based theory is able to estimate the realized measures with the greatest precision. Another notable contribution lies in the application of the presented theory. Our time-frequency estimators not only produce more efficient...
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Identification and quantification of anthelmintics and their metabolites in tapeworms by LC/MS
Briestenský, David ; Szotáková, Barbora (advisor) ; Skálová, Lenka (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biochemical Sciences Candidate: David Briestenský Supervisor: Doc. Ing. Barbora Szotáková, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Identification and quantification of anthelmintics and their metabolites in tapeworms by LC/MS Biotransformation of anthelmintics, as well as the activity of biotransformation enzymes, represents areas that are not yet so much explored at the tapeworms. However especially biotransformation enzymes can to a certain extent protect organism of the parasite against effects of anthelmintics (and xenobiotics in general). The ability of the parasite to metabolize administered anthelmintic drug to an inactive metabolite can represent a convenient defence mechanism that may contribute to the formation of resistance. The aim of my thesis was to evaluate the metabolism of selected anthelmintics (albendazole sulphoxide, flubendazole, mebendazole) in Hymenolepis diminuta. Results of metabolism show that the rat tapeworm is unable to oxidize or reduce albendazole sulphoxide. Tapeworm is able to reduce mebendazole and flubendazole. For mebendazole and flubendazole reduction the kinetic parameters were determined. It was shown that the rate of conversion to reduced metabolites of flubendazole is twenty times slower...
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The Influence of eco-toxicological factors on spermatogenesis, morphology and function of mammalian sperm
Vašinová, Jitka ; Pěknicová, Jana (referee) ; Hortová, Kateřina (advisor)
An increasing infertility due to pathological changes on sperm has become a serious issue. A rising concentration of fluorides in the environment could be a potentially negative factor affecting the male fertility. Eco-toxicological effect of fluorides can be enhanced in the present of aluminium ions by forming fluoro-metallic complexes, analogues of phosphate groups that interfere with the activity of G-proteins and P-type ATPases, which are part of several signalling pathways during sperm maturation. The aim of this thesis was monitoring the effect of fluorides on mouse sperm capacitation in vitro, analysis of the effect of fluorides on male reproductive organ and on the level of mouse spermatogenesis. Fluorides were administered to mice through table water at the concentrations of 0, 1, 10, 100 ppm and at the same time we monitored their synergic action with aluminium at 10 ppm dose. The level of tyrosine phosphorylation in the sperm head was the main marker for successful capacitation in vitro. The results show that an oversized load of ions, to which mice were exposed, affected negatively spermatogenesis and ability of sperm to capacitate in vitro. Besides that, a multigenerational study in mice demonstrated that even low concentrations of aluminium fluorides can have a negative effect on...
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"The Body - Shrine of the Spirit" (1Cor 6,19). The Male-Female Reciprocity as the God's Image in Christ
Černochová, Zdislava ; Kohut, Pavel Vojtěch (advisor) ; Sládek, Karel (referee)
Bc. ČERNOCHOVÁ, ZDISLAVA. Charles University in Prague. Catholic Theological Faculty, 2008, Diploma Paper. Title: Man-Woman Reciprocity as Image of Good in Christ The aim of this paper is to trace the theological view of the man-woman reciprocity as image of Good in Christ. Human being was created to the Goods image and received the ability to learn and love its Creator. Good did not create man unaccompanied. "As a man and a woman he created them" (Gn 1,27). Fullness of the image of Good in the human being consists of the unity of the persons of man and woman. Goods image, of which the Old Testament speaks is accomplished in the New Testament, in the image of Christ. Jesus is the perfect image of Good and human should liken to him. Man and woman are created in the perfect equality as human persons and at the same time in the complementary diversity. The difference is not accidental; certain purpose is hidden behind it. One needs the other. Good created human being with its sexuality, which is a gift for him/her. In the sexuality one opens to love, gives him-herself and receive the other. The confidential unification is realized in the marriage. The dedication of oneself leads to the fertility, by which human beings participate on the Goods mystery. A child gives evidence to the fertility of this...
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The stock market volatility in the Czech Republic : rises and falls
Princ, Michael ; Netuka, Martin (advisor) ; Seidler, Jakub (referee)
The thesis concentrate on a volatility analysis os a stock market in the Czech Republic in years 1994-2009 including a comparison with a data available from world developed stock markets - namely European region, USA and Japan, econometric tools include GARCH model and its most popular derivates and generalisations I.E. IGARCH, EGARCH AND APARCH PROCESSES. The thesis is split into two main parts. The first part is devoted to a PSE volatility analysis based only on domestic data series involving GARCH class model estimations, forecasting abilities comparison and also a structural-break analysis based on the ICSS algorithm including the Inclan-Tiao test and its successors. Next part involves a dynamic analysis based on DCC MVGARCH model, which describes a change in a volatility spillover effect during the time. Data source used during the model estimation includes a development of stock indices and also net profits from point of view of Czech investor investing on global markets. It is furthermore supported by Granger causality estimation, which reveals a long-lasting unidirectional dependence of PSE on other developed markets. The complex results, which arise from a synergistic compound of particular econometric models, show that the stock market in the Czech Republic came through three main phases.
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Gambling Industry in The Czech Republic
Kovář, Milan ; Lipka, David (advisor) ; Písař, Pavel (referee)
This thesis engages in discribing Czech gambling law and it's recent development in preparing a very new gambling act. The goal of this diploma thesis is to point out at the biggest problems of so far existing gambling act and at what way they should be dealt in the new one. I use two main economic theories to explain reasons of issuing new act. The first one is The Theory of Interest Groups and the other one is Theory of Public Interest which are applied at the case of Czech Republic. Next goal of this thesis is an analysis of popularity of all gambles according to sum of money gambled and money paid back. I also describe a historic development of gambles and it's regulation and show that the ability to innovate new ways to evade the law had very often no limits and the regularors have never been able to make up a clear set of rules that would be unavoidable.
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Trade unions and collective bargaining
Pavlíková, Gabriela ; Brožová, Dagmar (advisor) ; Mikuláštík, Robert (referee)
Trade union movement is a part of modern society; it has participated in its forming and still has considerable influence. Trade unions have gone through difficult development and their membership has been diminishing lately, what can be explained especially by demographical influences, restructuralization of industry and growing tendency of population to solve important problems by themselves. Unions are respected partner in the process of collective bargaining and how the findings from the union contracts and the information sent by the trade unionists show, they are very powerful players in many areas. Although the information about modern bargaining models hasn't been recognized yet, trade unionists act pragmatically, target especially the question of wages and other benefits and rely upon the bargaining abilities of their leaders. Trade unions offer a great level of protection to all their members and other employees, but their activities have significant negative effects. They monopolize the work supply and hence cause rigidity of wages and structural unemployment, they support privileged groups of workers and these compelled benefits then reflect in the prices of products and services. Its activities thus inhibit efficient allocation of workforce and induce significant social consequences. Faced with international competition, Europe has to make an important decision about the level of sociability in the market system, what can be in near future influenced by deeper understanding of the necessity of changes. To that can contribute information from economic background and in longer horizon probably also the new generation with looser approach to solidarity.
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Isosters of transkarbam 12 as transdermal penetration enhancers
Šíma, Martin ; Hrabálek, Alexandr (advisor) ; Vávrová, Kateřina (referee)
SUMMARY: Diploma thesis - Isosters of Transkarbam 12 as skin penetration enhancers Transkarbam 12 (5-(dodecyloxycarbonyl)pentylammonium-5-(dodecyloxycarbo- nyl)pentylcarbamate, T12) is a highly effective skin permeation enhancer. In this diploma thesis, T12 analogs with carbamate and carbonate function groups replacing the ester one were synthetised, and evaluated in vitro as skin permeation enhancers on excised porcine skin, using theophiline as a model drug. The results were expressed by an enhancing ratio and compared with the biological activity of T12. The enhancing activity decreases in the following sequence: ester, carbonate, carbamate. The results thus show that it is the ester group in the molecule of T12 which is essential for its extraordinary effect. In addition, homologues with a different length of the ending and connecting carbon chains were evaluated. While the length of the connecting carbon chain does not influence the biological activity significantly, nonyl to decyl ending carbon chains show the highest acceleration ability. It indicates that the length of the carbon chain, and not its lipofility, is important for the enhancing activity.
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