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Growing Douglas-Fir in the area SLP CZU in Kostelec nad Cernymi lesy
Kubeček, Jiří ; Podrázský, Vilém (advisor) ; Marušák, Róbert (referee)
Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii /Mirb./ Franco) is currently considered one of the most important introduced tree species in Europe; for example in Germany it is considered domesticated. By its production it surpasses significantly our domestic softwood and its importance is found both in amelioration and improving functions as well as in its ability to compensate for spruce, so far our most common species however retreating somewhere.
The work addresses the growth processes of individuals and stands of Douglas- fir and its selected environmental effects in regions of Kostelec nad Černými lesy, and Písek. The aim is to demonstrate the production potential, economic evaluation, describe the growth dynamics and the impact on soil quality in the stands. The methods applied will include dendrometric measurement, description of growth dynamics, profitability, sampling and analysis of humus and mineral soil horizons. Basic pedochemical characteristics will be analyzed: soil reaction, soil sorption complex, nutrient content in total and exchangeable forms. The results indicated a high produce ability of Douglas fir comparable to the one of Grand fir and exceeding the one of Norway spruce. In terms of stabilization and effects on soil also has better properties than spruce. In terms of amelioration resemble the qualities of deciduous trees.
The work follows on previous experimental investigation..The output provides quantification of the production and soilforming potential, yield assessment and recommendations for application in conditions of the University Forest Enterprise and the Czech Republic.
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Factors influencing seed germination, emergence and mortality in soil seed bank of Bromus sterilis L.
Žďárková, Veronika ; Soukup, Josef (advisor)
Bromus sterilis L. (barren brome) spreads rapidly in many European regions. In the Czech Republic, its importance has increased dramatically over the past 10 years. Barren brome is reported as a problem weed in winter crops such as winter wheat, winter barley and oil seed rape, in vineyards and in other cultivated places. Barren brome has been becoming troublesome weed of winter cereals mainly in reduced soil tillage systems. The factors, that are important for its spreading and adaptability under different environmental conditions, are dormancy and germination. Optimal timing for seed germination varies with respect to natural conditions and it is determining for plant development. These traits are adapted to different conditions and habitats; therefore the dormancy and germination response patterns to those conditions vary significantly. Recently there are not many information available on germination behaviour, therefore this study was focused on seeds of barren brome and its characteristics, which were collected in different regions of the Czech Republic. Seeds were investigated under different temperatures, light regimes and water stress in a wide range of conditions. The following characteristics of seeds were studied the dormancy, the dynamics of germination, the temperature optimum, the age of seeds and dynamics of emergence from different depths and persistence in the soil profile under field conditions. Dormancy and germination are influenced by external conditions. The dormancy of seeds barren brome is very short or missing. The germination is influenced by light; the seeds germinated better under darkness than under light regime. The primary dormancy of B. sterilis was short and the seeds needed only three weeks for after-ripening. The seeds of B. sterilis showed broad ecological valence to hydrothermal factors germinating in the wide range of 3 to 35 °C. The temperature optimum is 5-23°C. The germination was only slightly influenced in an environment with low water potential. Germination was limited under water stress only at lower temperatures under 10°C. The response to light at various temperatures showed that seeds germinated better in darkness in all temperatures regimes, than in alternating light regime, especially at lower temperatures. The emergence declined significantly with burial depth (under 40 mm). The seeds were not able to survive in the soil seed bank for a longer time and fall seeds lost viability after 1 year burial in soil profile. These results may be of value for development of predictive models and understanding period when weed control may be most feasible.
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Environmental risk assessment of ornamental aquaculture
Patoka, Jiří ; Kalous, Lukáš (advisor) ; Antonín, Antonín (referee)
The ornamental aquaculture comprises both outdoor and indoor keeping of aquatic animals and plants for ornamental purpose which is a very popular hobby with many followers worldwide. It is also commercially profitable for specialized producers and vendors. Associated environmental risks include particularly introduction of non-native species, biological invasions and intensive field capture of exploited and marketed species. Since subsequent regulation, mitigation and eradication of naturalised alien species is very difficult and ineffective in many cases, the most important above all is to prevent new introductions. This trend is accented with a short delay in European legislature. The European Union (EU) currently initiates formation of list of the most invasive alien species. Although invasive potential of certain ornamental species such as red-eared slider (Trachemys scripta elegans) is well known, the vast majority of traded species has never been tested and analysed from this point of view. Publications attached to this thesis are focused on monitoring and survey of market with ornamental animals, such as fishes and crayfishes, with special emphasis on list of advertised species, size classes, prices, origin and availability on market. With use of predictive models the probability of naturalisation and potential invasiveness of mentioned ornamental species were estimated. These information are supported by analysis of hobbyist behaviour. Results in present thesis highlight known environmental risks associated with ornamental aquaculture and also show detailed information about overlooked risks from the Czech Republic's as well as from EU perspective. Therefore this thesis should to help formation of aforementioned list of the undesirable species.
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ICT support for regional development
Očenášek, Vladimír ; Havlíček, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Vostrovský, Václav (referee)
There are many of different rankings in the world, which relate to information and communications technology. For example, United Nations e-Government survey evaluates expansion of e-government administration in 193 countries in the world every two years and publishes worldwide ranking of EGDI (e-government development index). Since 2003 web portals of the capitals of the largest countries in the world are evaluated evaluated by - Digital Governance in Municipalities Worldwide (Holzer et al., 2014) every two years. This rating is organized by the "The E-Governance Institute" which is part of Rutgers University Newark. Prague (15 in) was included for the first time in 2007. Prague was ranked in excellent 2nd place in 2009, in the period 2011 - 2012 was in 4th place and in the period 2013 - 2014, Prague ranked 10th. Our methods of evaluation are based on methods of Digital Governance in Municipalities Worldwide, which is focused on regional web portals. We evaluated 6 regional web portals using 40 parameters in the area privacy, usability, content, services, citizen and social engagement. For instance, we evaluated if web portal provides: online publications, multilingual access, GIS, calendar of events, searchable database of articles, accommodation reservation etc. For evaluation of regional web portals, we chose two regional touristic headquarters (Centrála cestovního ruchu -- Jižní Morava (www.ccrjm.cz), Jihočeská centrála cestovního ruchu www.jccr.cz)), one regional touristic web (Posázaví - vítejte v turistickém regionu kolem řeky Sázavy (www.posazavi.com)), two Austrian web portals, which represents cross-border cooperation between Austria and Czech republic (Urlaub am Bauerhof -- dovolená na selském statku (www.agroturistika-v-rakousku.cz), Rakousko -- přijeďte a ožijete (www.austria.info/cz)) and official touristic web portal of Switzerland (Officielle Website von Schweiz Tourismus (www.mojesvycarsko.com)). As it turned out during our model usage, which took into account five important areas, level of regional web portals significantly differ. Some criteria are fulfilled across the all sites, but some of them are partly or completely missing. Individual solutions therefore often prefer different criteria, thus providing different perspectives on the region and its issues. If all criteria were met, the informational content and thus even usefulness of the individual portals would rise. Theoretically, this would lead to a "content compatibility" of individual solutions, which would ultimately bring profit to users and consequently the visitors of their respective regions.
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Changes of proline concentration and electrolyte leakage in the selected species of the Panicoideae tribe under water deficit.
Nováková, Hana ; Hnilička, František (advisor) ; Václav, Václav (referee)
The theme of this thesis is the impact of water deficit on the concentration of proline and electrolyte leakage from representatives of the Panicoideae tribe. The impact of drought on agricultural production in the environment of the Czech Republic is currently an important issue. The exceptionall dry year of 2014/2015 and the associated water deficit in the soil had an impact mainly on the harvest of wide-row crops, including maize. Representatives of the Panicoideae tribe - sorghum and foxtail millet are the most drought-resistance crops in the world. Sorghum and foxtail millet belong to II. group of cereals like maize. Sorghum and foxtail millet show lower transpiration coefficient than maize, they also tolerates less demanding growing conditions and are more resistant to diseases and pests. They also compete with maize in a wide range of applications. It is therefore appropriate to determine how these crops respond to water deficit during their ontogenetic development. For the purposes of this experiment genotypes originating from conditions of temperate climate were selected, this genotypes have a shorter growing season. A short growing season is an important factor in the timing of the harvest of the late sown crops in our climate.
The aim of the thesis was to determine and evaluate the impact of water deficit on the concentration of proline and electrolyte leakage in selected genotypes of sorghum and foxtail millet and on the basis of the results to select genotypes with high resistance to water deficit. Based on the aims the following hypotheses were set: to determine whether there are differences in the concentration of proline and electrolyte leakage between selected genotypes depending on the effect of water deficit and whether there are differences in these physiological characteristics in response to water deficit between sorghum and foxtail millet. To fulfill the objectives and evaluation the hypothesis was based on the greenhouse experiment with selected genotypes of sorghum and foxtail millet at the Department of Botany and Plant Physiology in the Czech University of Life Sciences Prague.
The experiment included 4 genotypes of the species Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench. (Sorghum): 1216, 30485, Barnard Red and Ruzrok and one variety of the species Setaria italica (L.) Beauv. (Foxtail millet) Ruberit. A total of 4 variants were designated for the experiment (one control and three under the influence of water deficit in different times). The plants in the control variant were full irrigated throughout the experiment. Variant KS was irrigated for the first 14 days, followed by 10 days without watering and the last 4 days were again irrigated. Plants in variant SK were under the influence of water deficit for the first 10 days of the experiment, then 18 days with watering and the plants in the variant SS were without watering for the first 10 days, for the next 4 days were without watering, then the same pattern was repeated: 10 days without and 4 days with watering. Physiological characteristics were observed in plants in the developmental stages BBCH 14-16. The concentration of proline was determined by measuring the absorbance of the samples formed by the reaction with ninhydrin. Subsequently, the measured values were compared with the calibration curve. To measure the sample absorbance at 520 nm a spectrophotometer Hellios gama (Thermo) was used. Electrolyte leakage on discs made from leafs was measured with electrical conductivity meter GRYF 158 (HB Griffin, Ltd.).
The obtained results show that the proline concentration increased in response to water stress, since the highest concentration of proline was detected in plants growing in the most stressed variant of SS (670.13 micrograms) compared with other variants of stress. Plants variant KS (643.85 micrograms) showed a higher accumulation than the proline in variant SK (636.69 micrograms). The highest concentration of proline was measured on a genotype in the variety of sorghum Ruzrok (642.94 micrograms). The lowest content of proline was found in the variety of sorghum 1216 (623.78 micrograms), this value was also the only significant difference from the contents of proline to other genotypes. Which at least partly confirms the proposed hypothesis that there are differences in the content of proline between genotypes.
The highest electrolyte leakage cell damage was respectively exhibited in plants from the variant SS (39.56%). Plants of the SK variant showed a higher rate of cell damage (32.95%) than plants from the variant KS (29.88%). The lowest cell damage was exhibited in plants grown under control conditions, which again indicates that damage cells increases in response to water deficit. In this experiment the highest degree of cell damage was found in the variety of sorghum 1216 (29.26%) and lowest cell damage was observed in the variety of sorghum Ruzrok (27.03%). A significant different degree of cell damage appeared only in the variety foxtail millet Ruberit (28.6%), which confirms our hypothesis that there are differences in the electrolyte leakage between sorghum and foxtail millet.
The hypotheses were not fully confirmed by the experiment. Nevertheless, on the basis of obtained results we conclude that the least drought-resistance genotype is the 1216 variety and the best adapted to the water deficit was the Ruzrok variety. It also confirmed that the higher proline accumulation may protect the plant against the negative effects of water deficit on the cell membranes, which is then reflected in a reduced electrolyte leakage.
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Imputation of missing genetic markers SNP
Kranjčevičová, Anita ; Přibyl, Josef (advisor) ; Jindřich, Jindřich (referee)
Working with genomic information in cattle breeding has become a standard procedure. This study is focused on completion of missing genetic markers - SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) - on genetic chips. More specifically completion of missing values in datasets which contain pieces of information about SNP occurence in cattle genome. These polymorfisms are used for evaluation of genomic relationship, prediction of genomic breeding values and for the valuation of tested animals. The most common chips used for genotyping are Illumina and Affymetrix. Each company develops its own techniques of genotype obtaining. Affymetrix has unified coding type of SNPs among chips of different generations and thus even older data can be used. Illumina uses many coding types between different generations of chips. Thus, direct comparison of SNPs is not possible. Illumina has chips of different density and financial costingness. Illumina chips have become a standard all over the world and it is used by all breeding companies. The most used software programs for imputations are Beagle, AlphaImpute, Impute 2, FindHap, DAGPHASE, FImputePedImpute and MaCH. Each software requires a relationship between genotyped individuals. In common breeding business the genotyping is not in train of generations. That is why our own methodological process was used. The aim of this study is to map the current research about the completion of missing genetic markers on genetic chips and to verify the calculation process. In total, it was created 8 models with different amount of tested SNPs. From 10 to 100 neighbouring loci was tested. The testing was processed at chosen loci in two datasets. Dataset A contained 260 bull genotypes of different breeds from the Czech Republic. Dataset B contained 3982 genotypes of pure Holstein bulls from nine countries. In the first case a very good results were obtained. The prediction of missing values was almost accurate with model reliability 100%. The only exception was for almost entirely homozygous loci where the reliability reached only 55%. When the second dataset was tested, the most extensive model reached the reliability of 80 90% even in case of homozygous loci. The prediction error value was higher than in the first case. It was proven that missing values prediction is possible to calculate using the neighbouring SNPs. The outputs of this study are to be the base for further study of genomic data.
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Analysis of wine consumption preferences
Kopřivová, Lucie ; Hlavsa, Tomáš (advisor) ; Jindrová, Andrea (referee)
The bachelor thesis is divided into two parts.
The first part is theoretical, it describes the origins of grapevine, the history
of winegrowing in Czech republic and the winegrowing region. This part also sets out
the division of wine according to legislation, processed into a well-arranged chart
and subsequently described in more detail. Described in detail are also the different varieties, specifically the most grown ones on the territory of Czech republic, both red
and white. An important part of the research also consists of marketing, marketing research, its phases and techniques. One of these techniques is questioning, which forms
a part of the pratical part, where it is also described in detail. The factors which influence consumer behavior are described in detail.
The second part consists of the practical part, where the specified hypothesis is verified on the basis of the given questionnaire.
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The Image of Islam in the Czech Republic
Šnaiberg, Michal ; Kreisslová, Sandra (advisor) ; Martin, Martin (referee)
The focus of this masters thesis is on the phenomenon of stereotypical images of muslims and islam produced in the czech society. The effort is given to finding out these simplified images a indetifying factors leading to their creation. The solution of this problém is based on quantitaive research, which is used to identify possible dependencies in muslim and islam perception on different factors. All dependencies are statistically tested. The image of islam, as percieved by the majority in the Czech Republic, is then constructed based on questionnaire survey, statistical resuslts and media analysis.
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Trend assessment of foreign trade with selected commodities after Czech Republic entry to EU
Musilová, Jana ; Šánová, Petra (advisor) ; Hrubcová, Barbora (referee)
This thesis deals with the evaluation and development trend of the foreign trade of timber before and after the Czech Republic joined the European Union, merging the theoretical foundations to ensure understanding of the problems and analyzing data for exports and imports of raw wood for fifteen years. Using annual reports from the Ministry of Agriculture, accurate analysis has been achieved in foreign trade and evaluation of the causes of growth and decline caused by external or internal action. In the end a statistical prediction of the future trend of foreign trade was established.
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Burnout syndrome
Kratochvílová, Anna ; Kebza, Vladimír (advisor) ; Daniel, Daniel (referee)
This dissertation deals with the topic Burnout Syndrome. Burnout syndrome stands for a state of exhaustion, emotional withdrawal and loss of confidence in personal performance. The dissertation consists of two parts, namely the theoretical part and the research part. The literature research part summarizes theoretical findings on the subject, such as a characteristic of burnout syndrome, its causes, symptoms and development or diagnostic methods. The analysis of these topics is based on individual authors research. In the research part findings gained from the theoretical part were used and verified. The chosen organization, a state institution, the Industrial Property Office of the Czech Republic, is briefly characterized. This part evaluates the incidence of burnout syndrome among employees in the selected organization. Information for the research part was obtained using a questionnaire aimed at both, managers and staff without additional subordinates. An unstructured interview with the President of the Office was also conducted. The information acquired was evaluated and interpreted and subsequently measures were proposed to eliminate identified inadequacy.
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