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Relationship between dairy cows´ physical activity and conception rate
Pytlík, Jan ; Stádník, Luděk (advisor) ; Toušová, Renata (referee)
The objective of this study was to create a comprehensive compilation of Czech and foreign scientific literature related to the subject of the thesis. Compilation of literature deal with fertility of cattle and factors which affect fertility. Other chapters discuss Czech Pied cattle, reproduction (anatomy and estrus cycle), estrous and relation between physical activity and conception.
Farm researches and subsequent evaluations were part of this bachelor thesis. An information about identification number, date of calving, lactation number, date of insemination, insemination number, period of the highest walking activity, conception, milk yield on the first 100 days of lactation were recorded for each insemination event on 2 farms in Plzeň Region from 2nd November 2015 to 27th December 2015. This data were collected from farm records, herd management softwares and milk recordings. Data on physical activity were obtained from farm management softwares AfiFarm and Westfalia. An information about overall performed 134 inseminations events were collected on farms Zemědělské družstvo Dobříč and Příkosická zemědělská a.s. The data were processed in Microsoft Excel. The aim of research was to evaluate relationship between walking activity, time of insemination and conception rate.
The investigated sample of cows was divided into 3 groups according to time of highest walking activity in relation to insemination. Cows of group period 1 had their highest walking activity more than 6 hours before an insemination. Animals with highest walking activity during less than 6 hours before or less than 6 hours after an insemination were put into group period 2. Highest walking activity more than 6 hours after an insemination led to integration of cows into group period 3.
The best results were correlated with cows in the group period 1. Animals in the group period 2 rank among second best success rate. The lowest results of conception rate are connected to group period 3.
Better reproductive results were found on the farm Zemědělské družstvo Dobříč. Despite comparative difference in obtained reproductive results of each farm the overall average results were comparable with figures of population.
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Results of dairy cows´ conception rate according to type of heat detection
Němečková, Lucie ; Stádník, Luděk (advisor) ; Ducháček, Jaromír (referee)
The aim of this work was to elaborate literature review on the issue of cattle reproduction, factors influencing fertility and describe the various types of heat detection. The work also includes practical observations, which was based on comparing the results of its own conception of cows depending on the type of heat detection. The hypothesis was that the results of visual observation will have lower levels of reproduction than heat detection using measuring physical activity.
The comparison was carried out within the company ZOD Roztoky Kruh, which is located in Roztoky u Jilemnice and enterprise Zetka Strážník, a.s. in Studenec u Horek. Information about the results of reproduction and performance were collecte in the two companies taken from their Analysis of herds registered in the stud book of Czech Fleckvieh and the Results of milk recording system during the period 2012 to 2015. Consequently, the results of reproduction were evaluated graphically for each business separately and then they were compared for both companies between themselves and within the whole population. As selected reproduction indicators for comparison, I selected the number of pregnant cows after all inseminations, insemination interval, service period, insemination index and length of the calving period.
The comparison showed that the two companies is different in nearly all indicators of reproduction, except calving period, the length of which was in both companies almost the same, on average from 394 to 396 days. In ZOD Enterprise Roztoky Kruh faced with increasing length of calving period, which varies in length averaging about 99.9 days, which is considered inconvenient. In contrast, the length of insemination interval was shorted by an average of 8.5 days from the start of monitoring. The number of pregnant cows after insemination was on average around 52.6%, which is 4.7% less than in the enterprise Zetka Strážník, a.s., where it achieved 57.3%. The index of insemination for cows was an average of 1.75. The enterprise Zetka Strážník had an average length of calving period 94.9 days. Insemination interval was prolonged by an average of 5.6 since 2012. The index of insemination for cows had an average value 1.55. This indicator is not influenced by the type of heat detection.
The hypothesis was confirmed even though the difference was not too great. Enterprise, which used measurements of physical activity to detect estrus, had better results in terms of reproduction. We can see that heat detection using visual observation is not as effective as using the detectors that detect physical activity in a stable all day.
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The relationship between a mother and the child in the early developmental stages in the educational institution for juvenile mothers with children
KŮSOVÁ, Kateřina
This thesis deals with the relation between a mother and a child in early development stages in an educational institute for minor mothers with children. A mother is the most important person for a child, in whom it finds the feeling of safety and love. Children, who are with their mothers in an institution for any reason need to experience these feelings the more intensely. The theoretical part is focused on development of a child in early development stages and on the importance of mother?s approach. I present a chapter dealing with the approach to pregnancy in various cultures in the thesis for comparison. Another chapter is focused on pregnancy and motherhood of teenage girls. The last chapter pays attention to the legislation specification of institutional upbringing and the present state of the care of minor mothers and their children in educational institutions. The practical part is focused on description of relation of real minor mothers and their children in an educational institution where I had my long-term practical training. The research was based on narrative interviews with seven minor mothers with ordered institutional upbringing. Additional information was gained by secondary analysis of the data from the social documentation of the respondents. I set two goals. The first goal was to capture the relation of a minor mother and her child in an educational institution for mothers with children. The mother-child relation is not formed in an optimum and common way. My conception of relation between a mother and a child in the environment of an educational institution was confirmed. The girls are not sufficiently mentally and physically mature for upbringing and the environment they are in is another substantial determinant forming the relation to the child. The mother?s primary environment, which is very often not ideal, also plays an important role. The second goal is closely linked to the first one. It deals with the causes of locating an adolescent mother in an institution. The respondents had been ordered institutional upbringing already before pregnancy for behaviour disorders or they were relocated to the institution during pregnancy from an environment that threatened their children. The minor mothers located in an institution mostly have bad family background and a behaviour disorder. The problems of minor mothers located in an educational institution have in some instances their roots in family relations and the environment they grew up. Their families may belong to a group of families with low social status. From the point of view of a minor mother and her child primary prevention already in childhood of a potential minor mother is important. High quality staff able to provide a mother and a child with optimum care and quality conditions for creation of the relation between them is necessary for the educational institutions for mothers with children. A mother should be given more space and time to create a relation with her child in an educational institution. Another important change should be made in maternity wards. A mother should get her child into her arms immediately after birth so as the bonding of the mother to her child may be created. The influence of the primary family as well as overall influence of our society on the minor mother also play important roles here.
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Issues of llamas breeding
Lindová, Alžběta ; Fantová, Milena (advisor) ; Nohejlová, Lenka (referee)
This literature search deals with breading llamas. At first, it focuses on taxonomy of llamas, which follows the classification of Wilson and Reeder (2005).
The development of camel family is described in the chapters called Origins and Domestication, including their gradual migration. In this chapter there are also mentioned different views on domestication, which happend from guanaco to llama and from vicugna to alpaca. This claim was confirmed by DNA analysis.
The parts called Species and Standards of Llamas are featuring about physical characteristics, distribution, enviroment, way of life, reproduction, nutrition of llamas (Including specifics of guanaco and subspecies).
Technology and breeding techniques are dealing with fencing and animal housing, which has to be free. Llamas are modesty but need specific conditons of breeding. The conditions of breeding llamas and camels are defined in the Decree no. 346/2006 Coll. (Anex no. 5 The determination of breeding animals).
Another part of this research work is dedicated to the digesteve system of llamas (the non ruminants). It is focusing on the need and importance of proteins, minerals, vitamins, seeds, water, pasture and hay.
Reproduction of llamas describes its own reproduction. It is the only even toed ungulates mating lying down. Hereafter there are defined the most common ways of determing gestation period, gestation in different species and delivery (the delivery takes part mostly in the morning hours).
Following chapter is discussing the topic Care of baby. Also there is mentioned the percentage of componets of colostrum and milk.
The wool produced by a llama is very soft, lanolin free, hypoallergenic, odorless and shiny. All the characteristics of wool, physical and chemical contens of wool are dealt in the chapter called The production of wool and its facturing. The most valuable wool is the wool from vicugna.
The penultimate section, another use of llamas, describes breeding of llamas for meat production, which is rich in proteins, as well as the use of their leather and fur, fiber (wool) and fertilizer, which does not pollute the environment and there is no danger of burning of plants. Mainly male llamas are used for transporting of loads. The llama is also an excellent animal for pulling carts. Llamas are suitable for animal therapy.
The last chapter deals with the llama as a guardian animal. Llamas are increasingly used to protect sheep, deer, cattle, goats, ducks and geese from predators.
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Role of laterality in agonistic behaviour of red deer II
Jirsová, Adéla ; Bartoš, Luděk (advisor) ; Kouba, Marek (referee)
The theoretical part of this diploma thesis deals with the role of brain laterality of red deer (Cervus elaphus) in agonistic behaviour. Therefore, the largest part of the review of published scientific outcome is devoted to the agonistic behaviour, namely it focuses on the fights between males during the autumn rut. Battles are strictly ritualized and males adhere to strict rules. The role of laterality in animals is being recently studied and the outcomes so far indicates that, particularly in agonistic interactions the laterality may play a significant role. Brain lateralization is simply a preference for one or the other hemisphere in certain activities. The main topic of this thesis is how laterality affects combat of red deer.
The research part took place in a deer-park Zátoň where the duels between stags in rut were recorded. We also used videos from farms Podlesko and Žalany and a deer-park Milešov. These records were processed in the program Noldus Observes, with emphasis placed on the facts which deer was the initiator of the fight and his position to opponent, or with which eye the opponent was perceived at the beginning, but also during the fight. Data were statistically evaluated in SAS software (version 9.4., SAS Institute Inc.). We observed a strong tendency that the winner also initiates the interaction. Chance, that the winner will be the initiator, was compared to recipient 15 times higher. Initiator estimates his option in the battle to win, so he does not let the duel quit before it comes to physical confrontation. Regardless of the character of the behaviour initiator approached his rival more likely on right eye. There was statistically significant demonstrated initiator access to the recipient from the right side in parallel walk as well as in direct physical engagement. As stags train fights during the whole year, so even in the rut are information processed by the left hemisphere, which controls the routine affairs. We can say, that the deer fights during the rut are so frequent, when applies the routine of using antlers as a weapons and therefore we observe right side preference.
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Submicron Structures with Deep Relief — Technology of Preparation
Matějka, Milan ; Kuřitka,, Ivo (referee) ; Mgr. Petr Klapetek Ph.D (referee) ; Kolařík, Vladimír (advisor)
The dissertation thesis is focused on research and development in the field of microfabrication by the technology of electron beam lithography. In the first part of this work, the extensive study is conducted in the field of technology of electron beam lithography in terms of physical principles, writing strategies and resist materials. This is followed with description of physical principles of etching for the transfer of relief structures into substrates. The thesis describes innovative techniques in modelling, simulation, data preparation and optimization of manufacturing technology. It brings new possibilities to record deep binary or multilevel microstructures using electron beam lithography, plasma and reactive ion etching technology. Experience and knowledge in the large area of microlithography, plasma and anisotropic wet-etching of silicon have been capitalized to the design process of manufacturing of nano-patterned membranes. It was followed with practical verification and optimization of the microfabrication process.
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Virtual playground
Svoboda, Tomáš ; Pelikán, Josef (referee) ; Vlčková, Zuzana (advisor)
Present document describes algorithms used in program Virtual playground. This program was designed to simulate movement and interaction of perfectly rigid bodies in real environment with gravity. It had to be optimised to be able to simulate tens of bodies on contemporary PCs in real-time. It was in fact also to the prejudice of physical precision but I think that the result is physically plausible. There is also vehicle simulation added to the program. I will try to introduce difficulties I had during programming and I will do a comparsion with other algorithms that are used to solve similar kind of problems. In the end, I will describe program structure and provide user guide for the program.
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Collision Detection Library
Chlubna, Tomáš ; Španěl, Michal (referee) ; Polok, Lukáš (advisor)
This thesis deals with the problem of detecting collisions of nontrivial polygonal models in three-dimensional space. In general, there are methods describing how to mathematically express and calculate such collisions. However, such methods are usually unsuitable for usage in information technology due to the performance and memory requirements. It is also necessary to work with the discrete time that is not present in the real world. That brings the need to implement algorithms that are not only able to detect the collisions in a specific point in time, but also to predict them according to the available data about the movement of the objects in the scene. The solution uses game development and physics simulations techniques. Therefore, this works describes some optimization techniques as well as suitable scene representation formats and GPU rendering mechanisms.
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Physically Based Shading
Matěj, Šimon ; Lysek, Tomáš (referee) ; Starka, Tomáš (advisor)
This thesis deals with imaging of materials in computer graphics, using rendering methods based on physical properties of these materials. Physical principles of light propagation and its interactions with objects are analyzed, several rendering methods based on these principles are described and then analyzed for suitability in implementations. Some of these methods are demonstrated in application.
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Board Games on Interactive Table
Svoboda, Petr ; Najman, Pavel (referee) ; Beran, Vítězslav (advisor)
This thesis focuses on the application of the tangible user interface and spatial augmented reality principals for playing board games. For this purpose, a system called interactive table was developed. It is both hardware and software solution. The hardware part solves the installation of a depth camera and a projector located above the table. The software solution deals with calibration of the depth camera and projector system using known procedures for camera calibration on the one hand, on the other hand it solves tasks from the field of computer vision. This perceptional part is the core of the whole thesis and for the purposes of playing board games it provides information about the location of the physical game object, physical game board and the calculations of mask for masking distracting objects. An educational application was developed for the purposes of demonstration of the system options. The interactive table offers new possibilities for playing board games in a real-world environment by the combination of the augmented reality elements with real-world objects and the related new user experience.
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