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Treatment of Liquid Phase of Digestate Enabling More Effective Utilization of Nutrients
Kotrč, Vlastislav ; Švehla, Pavel (advisor) ; Kulhánek, Martin (referee)
The present thesis focuses on theoretical evaluation of possible ways of processing liquid fraction of fermentation residue, allowing more efficient use of nutrients.
The introductory part is devoted to biogas, he described its origin, characteristics and possible uses. It is also characterized by a process of anaerobic fermentation and the factors influencing its course. The resulting products are energy-rich biogas and also mentioned fermentation residue. The fourth chapter describes the principle of operation of a biogas plant and a closer approach to the current situation in the Czech Republic and Europe. The main part deals with the rest of the so-called fermentation. Digestate and in particular its separate liquid component Liquid digestate containing a large amount of nutrients that can be effectively used with appropriate procedures. The final chapter is devoted to a description and critical evaluation of the methods of pre-treatment Liquid digestate.
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Security Options User Account Login
Lakomý, Jakub ; Šilerová, Edita (advisor) ; Hřebejková, Jana (referee)
In the first theoretical part of my Bachelor thesis was processed knowledge from the area of user accounts, its attack and defense. It describes specific types of malware and methods of attack that are used by attackers. Next chapter describes the possibilities of defense against this attacks on account and the principles of safe behaviour on the internet.
The second part of Bachelor thesis is practical, in this part is found a trend of most frequent attacks on a selected group of users. These attacks are described for better understanding. Based on that can user easier recognize the situation in which can be victim of an attack. The conclusion of practical part deals with security and other appropriate solutions to minimize the risks of attacks on user accounts.
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Influence of texture of briquettes from biomass to their mechanical properties
Černá, Iva ; Pecen, Josef (advisor) ; Jan, Jan (referee)
With the rising amount of AD technology utilizers, the issue how to storage, such liquid
material, which digestate is. In recent time, there are some other ways to utilize it, except
fertilizing with liquor, liquid part of digestate. Digestate can be dried and pressed into
briquette or pelleted form. In briquette form is important to understand relations between
properties of individual components because one property can influence another one, which
constituting texture of the material and its reprocessing into the final form of the product.
Thus this study was conducted, to find and/or quantify the relation between the texture of
biomass briquettes and their durability and strength of shape during manipulation, storage
and use. Basic hypothesis of this work is based on open presumption that briquette texture is
dependent on many parameters. Some of those parameters were tested. Namely, composition
of matter, physical properties of digestate briquettes, durability and hardness, size analysis
and other. Digestate has approved as good material for compression with high content of
nutrients. The rate of abrasion varied 7-12% at the beginning decreasing to 3-5%. Shore
testing showed results predicating relation between particle size and hardness. Sieve and
image analysis then showed range of particles ranging size 0.01 mm from 99.5% and 10 mm
from 99.7%, most of them with needle-like shapes. This study suggested the method that
allows analysing particle size distribution in sample and describes other briquette properties,
which can be useful for next research and commercial purposes.
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Mophological and molecular diversity of a tropical tree species Guazuma crinita in the Peruvian Amazon
Tuisima Coral, Lady Laura ; Lojka, Bohdan (advisor) ; Helena, Helena (referee)
Fast growing tree species Guazuma crinita (Malvaceae) was selected as a priority species for domestication in the Peruvian Amazon due its important contribution to the livelihood of local farmers. Its domestication process is still in an early age as for many tropical tree species little is known about its genetic variability and we dont know anything about the impact of domestication on its genetic resources. The main objective of this research was to assess the genetic variability of G. crinita within and among populations in the Peruvian Amazon by the use of morphological (wood physical traits) and molecular (ISSR and AFLP) markers.
Wood physical properties among six G. crinita provenances were evaluated. Wood samples were drilled from the base middle and top of the stem of 12 randomly selected eight-years-old trees for determination of wood measurement. Pearson correlations between physical properties were also determined. All wood physical properties except green density differed significantly among provenances. We also found statistically significant variation due to stem level position. The moderately dense wood and the coefficient of anisotropy (1.6) suggested that G. crinita has stable wood; they represent important advantages in terms of costs for transport and transformation process. The results suggested potential to select provenances with desirable wood properties for further breeding and domestication. Due to the variation found even in limited tree samples it is recommended further analysis with more extensive number of samples from different provenances and planting zones.
This research presents the first assessment of genetic variability based on inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers for 44 G. crinita genotypes from a clonal garden multiplication established in the Peruvian Amazon Research Institute (IIAP) in Ucayali region. Ten ISSR primers amplified a total of 65 bands of which 61 were polymorphic (93.8%). The range of DNA amplification varied from 260 to 2200 bp. Among the provenances overall genetic differentiation (Gst) was 0.03 indicating 97% of genetic diversity within provenances. Gene flow (Nm) was 12.9 alleles per generation. Cluster analysis was not related with geographic origin suggesting a common gene pool which was supported by calculation of weak positive correlation was found between genetic and geographic distance.
With the use of AFLP markers an insight on how domestication process does impact G. crinita genetic resources is also reported on this research work. I was able to generate fingerprint for 58 leaf samples representing eight provenances and three population types, 19 from a natural regenerated population 15 cultivated in home garden nursery and 24 from a collection of genotypes considered as semi-domesticated population. Seven selective AFLP primer combinations were used. A total of 171 fragments were amplified with 99.42% of polymorphism at species level. Each type of population generated fragments with 72.51% 49.12% and 54.39% of polymorphic fragments respectively. Neis genetic diversity and Shannon index information were found to be higher in the population of natural regeneration compared to overall semi-domesticated population (He = 0.10 and 0.9; I = 0.19 and 0.16 respectively). The analysis of molecular variation (AMOVA) showed higher variation within provenances rather than among (84% and 4% respectively). UPGMA clusters analysis and PCoA did not showed correspondence between genetic and geographic distance in addition their correlation was not significant. There was a significant genetic differentiation among types of population suggesting slight genetic bottleneck in semi-domesticated populations yet with relatively high levels of genetic variation.
In situ conservation for populations with high levels of genetic diversity was recommended. In addition proper management of natural regeneration and ex situ genotype collections might be a good conservation strategy to maintain G. crinita genetic resources.
The use of morphological (wood physical traits) and molecular markers were successful to reveal genetic variability of G. crinita and they could be used for other tropical tree species. For further researches it is emphasis to extent the number of samples and geographic scale.
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Assessment of subsidy applications
Pazdera, Michal ; Lörinczová, Enikö (advisor) ; Štáfek, Pavel (referee)
This Bachelor thesis entitled Assessment of subsidy applications is divided into four main parts. In the theoretical part from the bibliographical and other resources are discussed.
The practical part deals with the process of the selected agency, which decides upon funding or not-funding the project. The process is described from the announcement of public tender through the formal check until the evaluation of a project proposal by experts. In the evaluation part, the existing activities of the selected agency, which provides the grants for research, development and innovation, are assessed. Also, the most common reasons upon which the decision not to fund the project is being made, are noted.
In the final part are the activities of the Technology Agency of the Czech Republic and its contribution in the area of research, development and innovation support are described.
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Assessment of changes in slope topography and soil depth redistribution in relation to different soil tillage technologies
Ureš, Jan ; Kumhálová, Jitka (advisor) ; Novák, Petr (referee)
Water, wind, or tillage-induced soil erosion can significantly degrade soil quality and decrease crop yield from farm fields. Traditionally, the research in soil erosion is mostly focused on water or wind erosion. Recent studies over last two decades, however, point to the importance of tillage operations as a source of soil translocation on hilly agricultural land. Tillage disturbs the soil not only vertically but also horizontally by throwing soil in the tillage direction.
This study was designed to assess the soil translocation effect in topsoil before and after 5 tillage operations by using three different practices, namely mouldboard ploughing (A), chisel plough (B), and disc harrow (C) in the Chernozems region at the Sardice (South Moravia, the Czech Republic).
The influence of different tillage practices on the changes in depth of topsoil was assessed through description of 37 shallow pits - 10 pits was digged out before the tillage operations and then other 27 pits after five tillage operations. The results of the soil survey are based on the evaluation of the stratigraphy of the soil profile where the potential loss of topsoil was determined by a change in transition between the dark Ac horizon and yellow loess Ck horizon and by the type of the transition. Shift of topsoil after five performed operations is in the range of 9-15 cm at the top position of concave-convex slope and 4-14 cm at the top of concave slope. From the results of the experiment are also apparent significant shifts across to each tillage practice (C to A), which are, however, more or less caused by the shape of the slope.
By creating and comparing the DEM for the conducted experiment I managed to learn that the largest transport of soil particles was caused by mouldboard plough. Transport of soil particles was larger in the vertical direction than in the horizontal and moved in the range
of -5 to +13 cm. When undermining by a chisel plough was a significant horizontal shift of soil particles to the sides in the range of -5 to +5 cm. The method of shallow tillage with a disc harrow showed a change of the relief in the horizontal direction also in the range of -5 to +5 cm.
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Statistical analysis of young generation feelings about drug addiction problem
Mach, Petr ; Hlavsa, Tomáš (advisor) ; Procházková, Radka (referee)
This thesis is focused to attitude to alcohol of young adult generation in age from 18 to 25 year.In theory part is described history of alcohol, comparison alcohol with other drugs, adiction, risk factors to alcohol addiction, alcohol consuption, alcohol prevalence, prevention and therapy of alcohol addiction.
Next part is devoting to questionnaire survey theory in which is suscribe proces from preparation, throught selection question, composition selective assemblage to processing. Final of the theory part is several statistic from ESPAD, the all-Europian survey, which this study following on. This statistic were processing from ESPAD 2011 data from Czech republic.
Then follow creation of own survey form in Survio software, its distribution throught personal contact and via internet. Data processing was made by Statistica10 software. In appraisal were results compared with ESPAD and WHO data and some MUDr. Karel Nešpor statement.
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Image processing techniques for detection of soil features
Trenčiansky, Jan ; Barták, Vojtěch (advisor)
An image processing technique was applied to detect roddon soil features from UK-DMC2 base data. Roddon soil features represent former watercourses in English Fenland, now raised banks with altered soil composition. They can be clearly seen on remotely sensed imagery as bright features in contrast to the darker surrounding peat land. Based on difference in brightness of roddons and surrounding peat soil the Soil Brightness Index (SBI) was applied to detect the roddons. To identify the edges of these features where there is a large spectral contrast a non-directional filter was applied together with an image enhancing technique to better differentiate the roddons form other non-soil features. Understanding the location of roddons will allow adaptive farming practices that account for differences in soil properties, and help optimizing yields.
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Acrylamide in potato products
Jiruška, Jan ; Sedláková, Vladimíra (advisor) ; Dvořák, Petr (referee)
This thesis provides a review describing acrylamide (AA), its detection and reduction. Botanical description and list of registered varieties of Solanum tuberosum in the Czech Republic is provided. Attention is payed to chemical composition of tubers. Next step is about AA. AA can cause carcinogenic and neurotoxic effects, particularly because it can be converted to a more reactive compound glycidamide in a human body. Thanks to animal experiments, we can reveal negative effects on the human body.
AA is formed by heat treatment over 120 °C in potatoes. Therefore, it is in potato chips and crisps. It is reaction of the free amino acids (especially asparagine) and reducing sugars (mostly glucose or fructose). It is all about several consecutive reactions that are included in the Maillard reaction. This reaction causes typical taste and aroma in products. Unfortunately, AA is one of the byproducts.
Today, formation of acrylamide has growing attention, because scientists want to reduce it as much as possible. Growing, industrial processing of potatoes and addition of additives during heat treatment is included. Antioxidants can significantly prevent formation of AA in food. There are also gathered informations on advanced analytical methods to detect AA in food. Rapid methods of detection are becoming more popular by scientits, that is why they are also included.
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A leisure educational program for seniors in selected organization
Mlýnková, Klára ; Tomšíková, Kateřina (advisor) ; Jana, Jana (referee)
The bachelor's thesis Leisure educational programme for seniors in selected organization is focused on creation of new educational programme for given segment. The theoretical part takes a deal with important concepts of the field of older adults education. It defines senior at first, then ageing process and its specific signs, leisure time and lifestyle. Education of seniors is described at the end of the theoretical part. In the practical part there are analysis of the supply of the existing leisure educational projects or programmes for seniors and questionnaire exploration of group of seniors. The results are summarized in tables with comments. The main part of the practical part is the new leisure educational programme on the basis of the questionnaire and analysis.
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