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Zhodnocení biologického potenciálu dřevin na lokalitě Třešňový sad Kosíř lomy a specifikace managementových opatření pro udržení tohoto potenciálu
Novák, Karel
The study of tree-bound organisms nowadays constitutes an essential prerequisite for understanding the status of the trees from the perspective of biodiversity. Fruit orchards also have a specific position for biodiversity due to their high biological potential. The work was dealt at the site of cherry orchard from the part belonging to the particularly protected area of the Kosířské lomy. A dendrological survey was carried out, supplemented by a listing of organisms found on the basis of regular field patrol. An inventory of all found organisms of the site was created, supplemented by the results taken from the flight impact trap capture. On the basis of the collected information, a proposal for interventions was created on the examined trees, including design of management measures to maintain the biological potential of the site. The results of the work proved the importance of the tree species in the area of the cherry orchard under examination from the perspective of the presence of bound organisms and thus provide further proof of the importance of the area Kosířské lomy.
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Pitcher Plants and Their Use in Teaching Botany
Burian, Michal ; Hrouda, Lubomír (advisor) ; Srba, Miroslav (referee)
The major objective of this thesis are carnivorous plants of the genus Nepenthes and their pedagogical and educational usage addressing students of elementary and grammar schools. The first part provides a general description of the Nepenthes plants, often called tropical pitcher plants due to their pitcher-shaped leaves that function as a passive pitfall trap. Moreover, the field research on the Nepenthes digestive fluid acidity was undertaken at Borneo. Plant's acidity was measured by the pH meter with glass electrode. The results obtained prove pH level differences for various Nepenthes species. In addition, pH level differences in between the fluid from freshly opened pitcher and an older fluid were observed. All results are cross-validated with the values reported in literature. On the basis of the results of the field research, didactic part is assembled. The didactic part consists of the Nepenthes general description and proposal of educational activities aiming at the botany popularization in elementary and grammar schools. Subsequently, the method proposed is tested in biology classes of the second grade of elementary school. The results reveal a positive influence of the method on student's interest in botany.
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Law legislation of breeding wild animals in captivity
Tatíčková, Alena ; Žákovská, Karolina (advisor) ; Stejskal, Vojtěch (referee)
Law legislation of breeding wild animals in captivity Abstract The aim of this diploma is to summarize and analyze the fragmented legislation concerning the breeding of wild animals in captivity, both in terms of national and EU legislation. However, given the limiting length of work, the EU legislation is not interpreted in detail, but outlines the most important sources concerning wild animals and their transposition into national law. The opening part contains an explanation of basic concepts, which this work couldn't do without, including introduction with key laws and the definition of cruelty and killing of animals in the light of the law on the protection of animals against cruelty. The second chapter is devoted to wild animals from the point of view of different legislation in relation to other animal species, especially in the area of capture and killing bans and regulation of some activities with them. It also includes a subchapter on the species protection of wild animals, both general and special, including the species protection of birds, rescue programs and animals raised in human care. The following chapter is devoted to the care of handicapped animals together with the definition of the institute of rescue stations. The fourth chapter summarizes the breeding of animals requiring special...
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Hybrid zone of fire-bellied toads in South Bohemia
NOWAK, Rudolf
The aim of the diploma thesis was to find out, which of the chosen abiotic and biotic habitat parameters different species and their hybrid groups of European fire-bellied toads prefer. The subject of the thesis was also to revise the already known locations of occurrence and to find new locations in the hybrid zone of Kaplicko and Českobudějovicko. I have monitored four new founded posts and thirteen already known posts in seven locations. I evaluated two posts as ceased, because the pool in such a location has been rebuilt for fish pond management. One location has been degraded by building waste. Another one has ceased to exist because there has been built a new family house at the post. Four posts were regularly without findings because of excessive drought. My monitoring was based on the method of complete capturing and the determination was made on the basis of the pattern of aposematic coloration on the bellies of the caught toads. I also determined the degree of hybridization (hybrid index) according to this pattern. I classified nine posts in five locations in total, of which four of them have been newly found. On the basis of obtained results I decided with the help of the Pearson correlation coefficient some parameters were not confirmative: a perimeter, an area, a depth and vegetation presence. Sun exposure, forest distance and the altitude of the posts showed to be statistically significant.
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Molecular taxonomy of sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in Europe
Grešová, Markéta ; Dvořák, Vít (advisor) ; Brzoňová, Jana (referee)
Phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera, Psychodidae) are small blood sucking insects which are only proven vectors of neglected tropical disease called leishmaniasis. Sand flies of the genus Phlebotomus act as vectors in the Old World and those of genus Lutzomyia are vectors in the New World. However, not all of them are capable of transmitting the disease. It is therefore crutial to conclusively determinate the species and have up-to-date knowledge of their natural occurence. Routine identification based on morphological characters is challenging due to intraspecific variability of these or their possible damage during the capture and preparation. In adition, correct assessment of distinctive cahracters, especially for females, is difficult and requires certain expertise. Thus, approaches of molecular taxonomy have been recently increasingly used for sand flies species determination. This thesis presents usage of DNA sequencing and MALDI-TOF protein profiling for routine determination of sand flies caught in southeastern Europe and adjacent regions, where we have lack of information of present sand flies species. Another part of this thesis focus on closer examination of relations between selected closely related species within species complexes. Key words: Phlebotomus, molacular identification, DNA...
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Impact of Climate Change on Czech Bird Populations
Telenský, Tomáš ; Reif, Jiří (advisor) ; Morelli, Federico (referee) ; Gamero, Anna (referee)
Charles University, Faculty of Science Institute for Environmental Studies Doctoral study programme: Environmental Sciences Summary of the Doctoral thesis Impact of Climate Change on Czech Bird Populations Vliv klimatické změny na ptačí populace v České Republice Mgr. Tomáš Telenský Supervisor: doc. Mgr. Jiří Reif, Ph.D. Prague, 2018 Abstract Climate change is one of the most important drivers of biodiversity. If it proceeds at current pace, it will lead to homogenization and pose a serious threat to biodiversity. Birds, as one of the most researched taxonomic groups, are successfully used as indicators of biodiversity of the whole ecosystems, and thus offer an excellent opportunity to study the overall impact of climate change. We use data from repeated annual monitoring programmes in Czech Republic, Breeding Bird Monitoring Programe, based on point counts, and Constant Effort Sites mist- netting ringing programme, capture-mark-recapture schema. We found that: 1. Population growth of 6 out of 37 resident species responded negatively to seasons with lower winter temperatures. The response was stronger in species feeding on animals. 2. Long-distance (LD) migrants' breeding productivity responds negatively to higher spring temperatures and advanced spring as indicated by earlier leaf unfolding of three tree...
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An assessment of selected water insect assemblages (e.g. Coleoptera, Odonata) in garden pools
HETFLAJŠ, Patrik
The goal of this bachelor thesis is to evaluate the zoocoenosis of the garden bathing ponds. The research was carried out in ten selected ponds. The research was based on the capture hat took place in two terms (spring, autumn). Light and net traps were used to capture the water insects. The light traps were thrown into the tanks in early evening hours and collected the next morning. The captures were then fixed in concentrated ethanol. Thus, the specimens were ready to be counted and determined using laboratory equipment. The ponds were compared and the results were put into tables. The result is that the amount of species was overall small and in most cases similar in all the ponds. The dominating species were Corixidae, Chaoboridae and Chironomidae. The number of specimens was also very similar (vesides two exceptions). This result may be caused by the large amount of fish in all the ponds. Still, this is very important because the knowledge comes from private gardens and therefore it is not easy to get the information.
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A species selectivity of subaquatic light traps
BOHDALOVÁ, Markéta
The bachelor thesis deals with capturing water insects using the technology of light traps. The main goal of the research is to determine selectivity of subaquatic light traps capture in detail, using this kind of traps, and also find out some species specific diferences in success of the capture. The base of the research are mesocosmic experiments with accurately defined community of nectonic insects. Corixa punctata, Sigara lateralis, Notonecta glauca and Chaoborus sp. serve as the model organisms in the research.
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Sex Determination in Long-eared Owl (Asio otus) by means of PCR DNA amplification
Pecharová, Šárka ; Řezníček, Jan (advisor) ; Hačecká, Kristýna (referee)
This thesis is focused on determining the sex of the Long-eared Owl (Asio otus). Bird feathers were used during determination that were taken from owl`s back while capturing and ringing. We have attempted to differentiate the sex of captured Long-eared Owl by DNA isolation from blood platelets in the bird quail and subsequent PCR reaction. This thesis also describes the PCR method, which is one of the most used methods in the todays laboratories of many different field of science. I also mention the individual components that are needed for the process of this reaction, its history and its individual steps. Part of my diploma thesis is also the characteristic of the tested order and possible gender division based on morphological features. On this basis, there is also mention of the sexual dimorphism of birds, their plumage and its subsequent coloring. At birds and also at other animals are used different techniques of molecular determination of sex, which I also refer to in my work. Keywords Long-eared Owl (Asio otus), sex, chromosomes, feathers, colour, PCR, DNA
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An influence of water turbidity on the effectivity of water insects capture rate by subaquatic light traps
ČIHÁK, Petr
The goal of this bachelor thesis is to determine the influence of water turbidity on the effectivity of water insects capture rate by subaquatic light traps. The experiments were carried out at the educational garden of Faculty of Education of the University of South Bohemia (48° 58'32.182 "N, 14° 26'54.218" E) during two years. Four tanks were placed on the garden, each holding 400 l of water. A different amount of clay was dispersed in the tanks and a defined amount of specimens of the stated species were added. The water insects were firstly captured in the nearby ponds and a pool at the educational garden. Then, light traps with different entrance size according to the size of the selected species were used for the capture. The light traps were thrown into the tanks in early evening hours and collected in the early morning. In the morning, all the specimens both in and out of the traps were fixed in concentrated ethanol. The samples were then counted and the species were determined using laboratory equipment. The species of water insects were then statistically evaluated. The experiments resulted in findings that the subaquatic light traps are valuable technique for aquatic insects sampling. The traps were highly effective in the capture of aquatic bugs (water boatmen and backswimmers) and low effective for dipterans (Chaoborus) in both clear and turbid waters. The turbidity does not affect capture rate of selected species of aquatic insects, at least in small water bodies.
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