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Guilt and Forgiveness
Borovanská, Johana ; Čapek, Jakub (advisor) ; Němec, Václav (referee)
Main focus of this thesis is guilt and forgiveness, based on the analysis of the texts of Karl Jaspers (The Question of German Guilt), Anthony J. Steinbock (Moral Emotions: Reclaiming the Evidence of the Heart) and Vladimir Jankélévitch (Forgiveness). The above mentioned topics are followed by analysis of resentment which is closely related to both of these topics. The first part of the thesis is focused on the classification of the guilt, presented by Karl Jaspers, ie. The particular types of guilt are discussed here: the criminal, the political, the moral and the mathaphysical guilt. Following topic is focusing on the collective guilt and related questions. Jaspers' classification of guilt is folowed by Steinbock's analysis of the experence of guilt. Steinbock, in difference form Jaspers, focuses manily on the fundamental features of guilt that is considered as an experience. That presents a good addition to to Jaspers' concept of guilt which does not concern at these questions, or does so only partly. In the next part the topic of repentance, as elaborated by Steinbock, is presented. The repentance is a possible consequence of guilt, has some features in common with guilt, and is condition of possibile forgiveness. The final part of the thesis combines conceptions of both authors aiming not only...
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Violence, Guilt and Punishment in Selected Works of Nathaniel Hawthorne
Gemrichová, Marie ; Veselá, Pavla (advisor) ; Robbins, David Lee (referee)
The BA thesis explores selected writings of Nathaniel Hawthorne, who addressed in his works many themes that range from nature through difficult relationships of characters and their communities to Biblical allusions. Some of the prominent themes which can be explored in his novels (such as The Scarlet Letter, The House of the Seven Gables and Fanshawe) are the themes of violence, guilt and punishment. These chosen themes serve as topics that are treated individually in each novel. Consequently the novels are compared. The thesis first focuses on an exploration of the theme of violence, to which extent it appears in Hawthorne's novels, which characters are victims and transgressors, and where violence leads to. At the same time it explores the feeling of guilt of Hawthorne's characters, and whether guilt appears after a committed violent act, as well as the consequences that come in the form of the transgressors' punishment. Namely, I explore the relationship of Hester Prynne with Arthur Dimmesdale and Roger Chillingworth (The Scarlet Letter), the two original families of the Pyncheons and the Maules and the influence of the ancestors on their heirs (The House of the Seven Gables) and the actions of the mysterious "angler" compared to the deeds of the individuals around Harley College (Fanshawe)....
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The crisis of everyday life in the novels A Rose of Flesh by Jan Wolkers and Seize the Day by Saul Bellow
Vítek, Lukáš ; Sedláčková, Lucie (advisor) ; Gielen, Albertus Josephus Dominicus (referee)
(English) The aim of this bachelor thesis is to analyse how the phenomenon of a personal crisis is described in the novels A Rose of Flesh by Jan Wolkers and Seize the Day by Saul Bellow. To make it clearer that the crisis is an exceptional, painful but also potentially positive period of human life, the concept is contrasted with the notion/idea of "everyday life". Specifically, the author is comparing the impact of the states of anxiety that the protagonists of both novels experience in connection with their daily rituals and habits. Theoretically, the thesis offers a systematic explanation of the causes, the symptoms and the effects of a personal crisis, including an explanation of the anxiety and guilt. This is followed by an interpretation of both novels with regard to the tension between the ordinary and the unordinary. This interpretation demonstrates that the exposure to suffering in the crisis does not have to be permanent and that it can lead to the discovery of new ways out. This fact is made evident without the exit of a dark tunnel being shown. Keywords: psychological crisis, everyday life, existential problems, suffering, guilt, anxiety, panic disorder, the past, midlife crisis
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"Guilt and Wrongdoing: The Problem of Responsibility"
Pacovská, Kamila ; Barabas, Marína (advisor) ; Kohák, Erazim (referee) ; Cowley, Christopher (referee)
(in English) This dissertation explores the notions of guilt and wrongdoing in the context of contemporary analytic ethics. It draws upon the critique, advanced in the second half of the 20th century, of a one-sided interest in episodic action and its rightness or wrongness. Thanks to the revival of virtue ethics during this time, the subject matter of ethics was extended to take account of human character and human life as such. As a result, the domain of moral psychology and of contingent aspects of moral experience started to be explored again. This development in ethics is outlined in the first chapter and the second chapter addresses the impact of this changed understanding of ethics upon our conception of moral judgment and responsibility. I suggest that the concept of responsibility divides in two: responsibility for the agent's (inner) fault and responsibility for the wrongdoing itself. Whereas the remainder of chapter two deals with the former, the rest of the thesis focuses upon the latter i.e. upon responsibility for the wrongdoing and upon two problems which are generated by the intricate bearing of luck and contingency on the concept of responsibility. The first of these problems concerns the relation of the person to her guilt. Guilt arises through a condemnable action for which the...
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The Problem of Guilt in Martin Bubers and Karl Jaspers Perspective
Dudek, Petr ; Jandejsek, Petr (advisor) ; Fischer, Ondřej (referee)
The problem of guilt from Martin Buber's and Karl Jaspers' perspective. My diploma work deals with the problem of guilt from the perspectives of Martin Buber and Karl Jasper. Firstly I describe the lives of the existential philosophers Martin Buber and Karl Jasper whose own life experiences played a vital role in formulating their opinions on the problems of guilt. I then proceed to state the ways of dealing with guilt from the perspective of Buber, and later Jasper, and finally I compare their perspectives of guilt.
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Kierkegaard's philosophy of existence
Šimeček, Andrej ; Kouba, Pavel (advisor) ; Němec, Václav (referee)
This work takes as its central issue the existential movement as it appears in the philosophy of Soren Kierkegaard. There appears to be relatively little secondary literature on this topic, so it is a very fruitful area to explore. The texts explored include Kierkegaard's 'psychological' books, in particular Concept of Anxiety and Sickness unto Death. These provide our work with the crucial concepts of innocence, guilt, despair, anxiety, existence and spirit. From the more traditional philosophical works, Philosophical Fragments, Concluding Unscientific Postscript to Philosophical Fragments and Johannes Climacus have been utilised. These texts inform the work mostly on the meaning of movement, doubt, contradiction and absolute paradox. From the more lyrical works, this work is informed by Fear and Trembling and Repetition. Inquiry into these texts combined will provide a picture of existential movement as it is presented by Kierkegaard. This work attempts to capture the 'becoming subjective' which is so central to Kierkegaard's thought, through the reconstruction of the existential stages. It is also the purpose of this work (in the process) to treat areas of Kierkegaard's thought that are usually left untreated. The latter are for example, the problematic of the leap of sin, the unclear status of the...
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Reflection of Puritanism in the Short Stories of Nathaniel Hawthorne
Basíková, Tereza ; Grmela, Josef (advisor) ; Ženíšek, Jakub (referee)
In its first part, this thesis attempts to explore Nathaniel Hawthorne's influences and sources of writing with an emphasis on his interest in the Puritan past and the historical basis of many of his stories. This part also provides basic information about the origin and characteristic features of Puritanism, focusing on those historical events which influenced Hawthorne's short stories. In its second part this thesis will attempt to analyse selected short stories with the focus on Hawthorne's presentation of Puritanism. Partly, it also focuses on Hawthorne's perception of sin in his stories. As a conclusion, the thesis tries to show the connection between Puritanism and sin and uses this connection to demonstrate why Hawthorne's judgement of the Puritans was not impartial, and it attempts to define what he saw as the biggest mistake of his (and generally Puritan) ancestors.
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What guilt involves
Dřínková, Mirka ; Ritter, Martin (advisor) ; Jirsa, Jakub (referee)
The exposition begins with a vulgar notion of guilt and the author tries to disclose what such a notion typically involves. This then becomes the starting point for an attempt at clarification of various meanings of "to be guilty". The concept of guilt is analyzed and treated in connection with human notions of the sacred and of the conditions of power that the man confronts. Several ways of interpreting or reducing guilt emerge in the course of the discussion; yet while they are noticed, the principal strain of the study is a pursuit for more interpretations that transcend the ones already established. Each interpretation thus discerned refers to a certain self-interpretation of man. Putting to one side psychological explanations, the common ground of all the interpretations seems to be a reference to an existing order that is related to the human actions. Moreover, various interpretations assume some sort of freedom of man, that is to say, either the freedom to resist the established structures of power, or else to usurp the power for oneself and to enforce one's own ideas as to how thing are to go, or else the freedom to meet certain values and demands inflicted upon the human actions. All the instances of guilt also seem to share an association with the notion of disrespect towards something that...
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